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Effect of Hydrazine Hydrate on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing of Pb(II)

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Abstract:

This study examines the effect of hydrazine hydrate levels on chemically reduced graphene oxide (GO) to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for Pb (II) electrochemical detection. GO was prepared by the modified Hummers’ method and reduced with 1-5 mL hydrazine hydrate. FTIR analyzed changes in oxygen-containing groups. rGO samples were drop-cast onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) and characterized by SEM-EDX. Electrochemical behavior was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 5 mM [Fe (CN)₆]³⁻/⁴⁻ with 0.1 M KCl. rGO reduced with 3 mL hydrazine hydrate showed the highest current (52.45 ± 1.98 µA), a 196.6% increase over bare electrodes. This condition also gave the best detection of 1 ppm Pb (II) in 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 5) via square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), with a 135.0% signal enhancement. These results highlight the importance of hydrazine hydrate level on optimizing rGO for improved electrochemical properties, sensitivity, and reproducibility for Pb (II) detection.

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Periodical:

Solid State Phenomena (Volume 385)

Pages:

101-109

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8GkoL3

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Online since:

February 2026

Authors:

Sawatsa Chanpimai, Angkana Phongphut, Kroekchai Inpor, Surassawatee Jamikorn, Voranuch Somsongkul*, Chanchana Thanachayanon

Keywords:

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, Hydrazine Hydrate, Lead (II), Reduced Graphene Oxide, Screen-Printed Electrode

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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