Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Chang Liu, Qing Shao, Li Juan Geng
The test data showed that the removal rate of chloroform steeply increases could reach 88.60% by using heterogeneous catalytic systems of Fe0/ TiO2-EP/ AC.
Nowadays, treatment of chloroform in water, it already had studied adsorption, ozonation, UV/Fenton reagent method, microwave/Fenton reagent method, oxidation reduction and photocatalytic oxidation[[] Ai Yan, Qiong Bian, Minghua Liu: China Environmental Science, Vol.34 (2014), p105 (In Chinese) ,[] Hara J, Ito H, Suto K, et al: Water Research, Vol,39(2005), p1165 ].
While the combination method of oxidation reduction, photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption are not further study.
In this reaction system, Fe0 is used as reducing agent for providing electrons to reduce chlorinated hydrocarbon through the electrochemical reduction, and chlorine removed in the form of chloride ion.
(2) In the system of Fe0/TiO2-EP/AC: the chloroform in water sample is degraded effectively by oxidation-reduction of Fe0 and photocatalysis of TiO2; The concentration gradient of reactant in solutions is increased by adsorption of AC ; The absorption spectrum of TiO2-EP is made redshift by iron ions, which provide a more conductive atmosphere for photocatalytic reaction.
Nowadays, treatment of chloroform in water, it already had studied adsorption, ozonation, UV/Fenton reagent method, microwave/Fenton reagent method, oxidation reduction and photocatalytic oxidation[[] Ai Yan, Qiong Bian, Minghua Liu: China Environmental Science, Vol.34 (2014), p105 (In Chinese) ,[] Hara J, Ito H, Suto K, et al: Water Research, Vol,39(2005), p1165 ].
While the combination method of oxidation reduction, photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption are not further study.
In this reaction system, Fe0 is used as reducing agent for providing electrons to reduce chlorinated hydrocarbon through the electrochemical reduction, and chlorine removed in the form of chloride ion.
(2) In the system of Fe0/TiO2-EP/AC: the chloroform in water sample is degraded effectively by oxidation-reduction of Fe0 and photocatalysis of TiO2; The concentration gradient of reactant in solutions is increased by adsorption of AC ; The absorption spectrum of TiO2-EP is made redshift by iron ions, which provide a more conductive atmosphere for photocatalytic reaction.
Online since: February 2006
Authors: V. Kostopoulus, Theodoros Loutas
A 16-bit PCI-2 (4 channels) data
acquisition card, 2/4/6-AST pre-amplifiers with pre-amplification of 40 dB and bandbass filtering
of 20-1200 kHz, all by Physical Acoustics Corporation.
In both material systems and both channels a clear monotonic reduction of coherence is observed.
Significant reductions of 20-45% were observed. 0 200 400 600 800 100012001400160018002000 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 coherence test time (sec) coherence1 coherence2 0 200 400 600 800 100012001400160018002000 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 coherence test time (sec) coherence1 coherence2 Fig. 4.
With the exception of one material case in ch2, a severe reduction is observed while damage progresses during the test.
The reduction reaches 95%.
In both material systems and both channels a clear monotonic reduction of coherence is observed.
Significant reductions of 20-45% were observed. 0 200 400 600 800 100012001400160018002000 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 coherence test time (sec) coherence1 coherence2 0 200 400 600 800 100012001400160018002000 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 coherence test time (sec) coherence1 coherence2 Fig. 4.
With the exception of one material case in ch2, a severe reduction is observed while damage progresses during the test.
The reduction reaches 95%.
Online since: August 2010
Authors: Bei Xiao Shi, Ya Min Liu, Zhi Yong Mu
Introduction
Geotechnical slope stability analysis is one important subject area; the main analytical methods
include limit equilibrium method
[1]
, limit analysis, finite element strength reduction[2]
, Finite element
slip surface searching method[3]
, gradual reduction of soil shear strength[4]
, and application of
mathematical programming method [5]
.
The resulting data into the software mat lab [10] , obtained through the above steps each time point of the overall safety factor Ks (t), so rectifiable overall slope safety factor calculated the average and variance: 1 () T s t s kt k T (13) 2 1 1 ( ( )) ( ( ) ) 1 T s s s i D k t k t k T (14) Suppose the overall safety factor Ks (t) obeys the normal distribution, then the failure probability is: 11 ( 1) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) s s s s s s s s k k k k p k p D k D k D k (15) Therefore, the reliability is: ( 1) 1 ( 1) ss P k p k ≥ (16) Validated In this paper, Egypt and Senteluobo (EL Centro) seismic waves, the time interval of 0.02 seconds, taking 30s for the duration of 2 kind of site, the direction from north to south direction.
The feasibility study of strength-reduction method with fem for calculating safety factors of soil slope stability [J] Journal of hydraulic engineering, 2003,(1):21-27 [3] Zheng Yingren, Zhao Shangyi.
Finite element slope stability analysis by shear strength reduction technique.
The resulting data into the software mat lab [10] , obtained through the above steps each time point of the overall safety factor Ks (t), so rectifiable overall slope safety factor calculated the average and variance: 1 () T s t s kt k T (13) 2 1 1 ( ( )) ( ( ) ) 1 T s s s i D k t k t k T (14) Suppose the overall safety factor Ks (t) obeys the normal distribution, then the failure probability is: 11 ( 1) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) s s s s s s s s k k k k p k p D k D k D k (15) Therefore, the reliability is: ( 1) 1 ( 1) ss P k p k ≥ (16) Validated In this paper, Egypt and Senteluobo (EL Centro) seismic waves, the time interval of 0.02 seconds, taking 30s for the duration of 2 kind of site, the direction from north to south direction.
The feasibility study of strength-reduction method with fem for calculating safety factors of soil slope stability [J] Journal of hydraulic engineering, 2003,(1):21-27 [3] Zheng Yingren, Zhao Shangyi.
Finite element slope stability analysis by shear strength reduction technique.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Xue Cheng Lu, Yun Xue, Hai Quan Cao
A multi-functional interface card is installed in the input/output interface, whose main function is to allow the control system to acquire different data parallelly, and then PC will observe and control the engine through the multi-functional interface card.
The incomplete combustion leads to a reduction of Ttq.
But on the condition of rich gas mixture and chemometry, due to the reduction of oxygen content, a higher hydrogen addition rate also leads to a slight increase of CO emission.
The shortage of oxygen in the gas mixture leads to a reduction of NOx .
Investigating Combustion Enhancement and Emissions Reduction with the Addition of 2H2+O2 to a SI Engine [J], SAE paper2003-32 -0011/20034311 [2] R.F.Cracknell, J.L.Alcock, J.J.Rowson, L.C.Shrivill and A.Üngüt.
The incomplete combustion leads to a reduction of Ttq.
But on the condition of rich gas mixture and chemometry, due to the reduction of oxygen content, a higher hydrogen addition rate also leads to a slight increase of CO emission.
The shortage of oxygen in the gas mixture leads to a reduction of NOx .
Investigating Combustion Enhancement and Emissions Reduction with the Addition of 2H2+O2 to a SI Engine [J], SAE paper2003-32 -0011/20034311 [2] R.F.Cracknell, J.L.Alcock, J.J.Rowson, L.C.Shrivill and A.Üngüt.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Makoto Kitabatake, Osamu Kusumoto, Masao Uchida, Kenya Yamashita, Kyoko Egashira, Koichi Hashimoto, Chiaki Kudo, Shin Hashimoto, Kazuya Utsunomiya, Kunimasa Takahashi, Masashi Hayashi
However,
SiC-MOSFET possesses a large amount of traps at oxide-semiconductor interface [1] causing high
channel resistance, which should be overcome for further reduction of the specific on-resistance
(Ron,sp).
Thus for SiC-MOSFET, a conflicting relation becomes notable between the increase of Vth required for normally-off characteristics and reduction of the channel resistance.
Technologies for Channel Resistance Reduction To overcome this problem, the fraction of channel resistance to the total resistance should be suppressed.
These results have experimentally proven that the submicron gate fabricated by the self-aligned implantation technique is promising for the reduction of Ron,sp of SiC-MOSFET without sacrificing high breakdown voltage.
Various contributions to the Ron,sp were analyzed and separated at RT (and 200°C) using various TEG data collected on the same wafer as follows.
Thus for SiC-MOSFET, a conflicting relation becomes notable between the increase of Vth required for normally-off characteristics and reduction of the channel resistance.
Technologies for Channel Resistance Reduction To overcome this problem, the fraction of channel resistance to the total resistance should be suppressed.
These results have experimentally proven that the submicron gate fabricated by the self-aligned implantation technique is promising for the reduction of Ron,sp of SiC-MOSFET without sacrificing high breakdown voltage.
Various contributions to the Ron,sp were analyzed and separated at RT (and 200°C) using various TEG data collected on the same wafer as follows.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xiao Li Wang, Shi Jun Yu, Xu Han
Synthesis and application of porous materials
2.1 Macroporous materials
Seshadri and co-workers describe a unique and simple route to the formation of hierarchically porous MnO by a process of reduction of sintered pellets of Mn3O4, with pore formation being induced by volume loss[20].
Mesopores were then induced in the macropore walls through the reduction of the ZnMn2O4 to rocksalt Zn0.33Mn0.67O with a corresponding volume contraction.
The mesoporosity was further increased through the reduction and evaporation of zinc from the rocksalt lattice.
Facing increasing demands for energy and environmental concerns, the development of an artificial photosynthetic system (APS) in conceptually simpler form to achieve results of natural photosynthesis that is coupling solar-driven water splitting and CO2 reduction in a way that eliminates the need for an external, sacrificial electron donor is one of the great challenges for the use of renewable energy and a sustainable development.
Macroporous structures for aluminum oxyhydroxide, titanium oxides, and zirconium oxides were systematically obtained via a spontaneous self-assembly process in aqueous solution starting from organic alkoxide precursors under a common set of conditions to present a consistent set of data for evaluation of macropore formation in these materials that are known to yield such structural patterns [26].
Mesopores were then induced in the macropore walls through the reduction of the ZnMn2O4 to rocksalt Zn0.33Mn0.67O with a corresponding volume contraction.
The mesoporosity was further increased through the reduction and evaporation of zinc from the rocksalt lattice.
Facing increasing demands for energy and environmental concerns, the development of an artificial photosynthetic system (APS) in conceptually simpler form to achieve results of natural photosynthesis that is coupling solar-driven water splitting and CO2 reduction in a way that eliminates the need for an external, sacrificial electron donor is one of the great challenges for the use of renewable energy and a sustainable development.
Macroporous structures for aluminum oxyhydroxide, titanium oxides, and zirconium oxides were systematically obtained via a spontaneous self-assembly process in aqueous solution starting from organic alkoxide precursors under a common set of conditions to present a consistent set of data for evaluation of macropore formation in these materials that are known to yield such structural patterns [26].
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Jin Ning Mao, Lan Gao, Ai Jun Li, Liang Ping Zhao, Wei Ting Xu, Xiao Su Hong, Wen Ping Jiang, Jian Chang Chen
DOX contains a quinone moiety, which involved in oxidation-reduction reactions and finally produced highly reactive oxygen species, which dedicated to the cardiotoxicity induced by Dox [1].Cardiotoxicity induced by Dox is cumulative, dose-related and often irreversible.
Nanoparticles have been regarded as a potential alternative for tumor chemotherapy, because of reduction toxicity of chemotheraphy agents and enhancement therapeutic efficacy[7].
At 5 weeks after the initial administration, the average LVPW decreased in both DOX and PEG-PLGA-Dox treated group in comparison to the control group, and the reduction was more significant in DOX group (Table I).
The average reduction of LVEF in the DOX group was more than 10%, comparied to the control group, and the same effect was also detected for LVFS.
Data are present as mean±SEM.* Significantly from control group, p<0.05.# Significantly from Dox group, p<0.05.
Nanoparticles have been regarded as a potential alternative for tumor chemotherapy, because of reduction toxicity of chemotheraphy agents and enhancement therapeutic efficacy[7].
At 5 weeks after the initial administration, the average LVPW decreased in both DOX and PEG-PLGA-Dox treated group in comparison to the control group, and the reduction was more significant in DOX group (Table I).
The average reduction of LVEF in the DOX group was more than 10%, comparied to the control group, and the same effect was also detected for LVFS.
Data are present as mean±SEM.* Significantly from control group, p<0.05.# Significantly from Dox group, p<0.05.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: C.H. Che Haron, Jaharah A. Ghani, Natasha A. Raof, Musfirah Abdul Hadi
The experiments were conducted with sharp cutting edges, and all the data were measured at the beginning of the cut.
At the same time the tool wear and adhesion will reduced between the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interface throughout the reduction of the cutting temperature.
A similar trend has been observed during the study done by Shokrani et al. [13], where they get 33% reduction in surface roughness.
In general, this is due to the lower cutting force and less adhesion through a reduction of cutting temperature at the contact zone interface.
The high cooling capabilities of liquid nitrogen during cryogenic process have been proved with a drastic reduction of the heat generated at the cutting zone and a better surface roughness can be obtained during machining process.
At the same time the tool wear and adhesion will reduced between the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interface throughout the reduction of the cutting temperature.
A similar trend has been observed during the study done by Shokrani et al. [13], where they get 33% reduction in surface roughness.
In general, this is due to the lower cutting force and less adhesion through a reduction of cutting temperature at the contact zone interface.
The high cooling capabilities of liquid nitrogen during cryogenic process have been proved with a drastic reduction of the heat generated at the cutting zone and a better surface roughness can be obtained during machining process.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Nurul Saadiah Lani, Norzita Ngadi
After the maximum value, there was a sudden reduction from 334.69% at weight ratio of 70:30 to 77.71% at weight ratio of 50:50.
Nevertheless, addition of starch into the PVA matrix causes the reduction in tensile strength.
The reduction in tensile strength was mainly due to the poor compatibility between PVA and starch and also reflected the weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding between both polymers [8].
Fig. 3: Degradability of PVA/starch blend films in the soil burial test According to experimental data of this study, the PVA film does not provide high degradation rate as the films had good resistance against soil burial degradation.
Nevertheless, addition of starch into the PVA matrix causes the reduction in tensile strength and possesses a higher percentage of water absorption.
Nevertheless, addition of starch into the PVA matrix causes the reduction in tensile strength.
The reduction in tensile strength was mainly due to the poor compatibility between PVA and starch and also reflected the weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding between both polymers [8].
Fig. 3: Degradability of PVA/starch blend films in the soil burial test According to experimental data of this study, the PVA film does not provide high degradation rate as the films had good resistance against soil burial degradation.
Nevertheless, addition of starch into the PVA matrix causes the reduction in tensile strength and possesses a higher percentage of water absorption.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Yong Chun Cheng, Xiao Ping Hu, Xing Yue Yan
NRTL and UINQUAC models were applied to fit the experimental data for the ternary system, and the binary interaction parameters were obtained by regression on the experimental data.
At 303.15K and 313.15K, the RMSD values illustrated a good agreement between experimental data and calculated data.
Data 2010(55):2750– 2756 [3] Ce´sar A.
Data 2010(55): 2416–2423 [4] Victor T.
NOx Reduction from Biodiesel Fuels.
At 303.15K and 313.15K, the RMSD values illustrated a good agreement between experimental data and calculated data.
Data 2010(55):2750– 2756 [3] Ce´sar A.
Data 2010(55): 2416–2423 [4] Victor T.
NOx Reduction from Biodiesel Fuels.