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The performance of this model has therefore been verified as described earlier in Fig. 2, which plots the predicted data as a function of actual data.
When Si wafer is immersed in a solution of AgNO3/HF followed by HF/H2O2 solution, the oxidation-reduction reactions involved can be explained by the following mechanisms [16, 17]: Ag++e-→Ag (3) Si+2H2O→SiO2+4H++4e- (4) SiO2+6HF→H2SiF6+2H2O (5) 4H2O2+Si→SiO2+4H2O+O2 (6) SiO2+6HF→H2SiF6+2H2O (7) In the first reaction (Eq. 3), Ag+ ions lose electrons to produce Ag particles deposited on the Si surface.
This causes the etching rate to become lower with increasing time due to reduction in concentration of Ag+ ions responsible for vertical etching.
However, after sometime, the etching rate starts to decrease despite increased H2O2 concentration due to depletion of reduction in Ag particles and Ag+ ions supply.

After standing for 4 h to make the reduction reaction complete, the Pt hydrosol was then mixed with 10 ml 1 ×10-3 mol dm-3 DDT ethanol solution.
The impedance data was fitted using the corresponding equivalent circuits.
It can be seen from that the characteristic absorption peak of PtCl6-2 at 280 nm disappeared completely after the reduction of the H2PtCl6 with NaBH4 indicating the formation of Pt nanoparticles[20].
In the 0.5 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution, the corrosion reaction at iron surface consists of the anodic dissolution of iron and the cathodic reduction of the hydrogen ions.
The values of protectionefficiencies are consistent with the data calculated from the electrochemical impedance spectra.

The analysis of production data on experimental and comparative melts showed that their secondary metallurgy processing and steel teeming passed without remark.
The results of the assessment of contamination of steel NMI Applied modifier Contamination with NMI according to state standard 1778-70 The average score of metal contamination by CANMI. pcs/mm2 Point oxides Fragile silicates Non-deformable silicates Maximum score Average score Maximum score Average score Maximum score Average score CANMI 1 CANMI 2 SC40 1.0 0.75 4.5 1.3 4.5 2.30 1.78 1.88 INSTEEL® 1.5 0.50 0.50 2.0 0.40 3.5 1.50 1.51 0.62 INSTEEL® 9.4 1.0 0.53 3.0 0.77 4.0 1.33 1.15 0.70 INSTEEL® 5.1 0.5 0.50 2.0 0.40 3.0 1.25 1.03 0.92 INSTEEL® 10.1 0.5 0.50 1.5 0.30 2.5 1.35 1.46 1.54 From the data of table 3 it follows that the maximum score of NMI and the average level of contamination for the main types of NMI reduction is provided when processing steel by experimental modifiers.
Sr and REM) provides a significant reduction in the contamination of steel by NMI of all types as a result of the effect on the properties and behavior of NMI.
Conclusions The use of complex microcrystalline modifiers produced by NPP Technology LTD provides: - more complete deoxidation and an increase in the degree of calcium absorption in comparison with that used according to the current technology of SC40 by 61.1-76.5% rel.; - increased degree of metal desulfurization; - reduction of steel contamination by oxide inclusions as well in maximum score as in average value; - a decrease in the content of CANMI in steel and a change in their morphology towards the formation of oxysulfide inclusions favorable in terms of increasing the corrosion resistance of steel.

For the studies on influence of high temperature ageing on the J-R curves of SS 316(N) weld, the fracture tests at room temperature were carried out using unloading compliance method for crack length estimation, while those at high temperature were carried out using multiple specimen method as well as normalization data reduction technique.
For 643 K, DCPD was used for as-welded & 823 K/1000 h aged specimens and normalisation data reduction as well as multiple specimen method for 923 K/4200 h aged specimens.
Fig.7: Variation of (a) J0.2 and (b) % reduction in area for 316 (N) welds tested at 298 K with duration of ageing at different temperatures.
Subsequent reduction in toughness is due to the transformations taking place in the d ferrite regions of the weld metal.
It is the formation of a¢ phase that leads to reduction in toughness.

The EDX data presented the elemental configuration matching the iron element, Finally, the best adsorption conditions were obtained with a contact time of 45 minutes and a dose of 0.4 g. the synthesized iron nanoparticles with pomegranate showed more efficiency than banana, and orange for the removal of pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphates (PO4), total phosphorus (TP), nitrates (NO3), turbidity, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total dissolved solids (TDS), ammonia (NH3), total nitrogen (TN) from wastewater. 1.
The active hydrogen may be responsible for the reduction of metal ions in the formation of nanoparticles [5][6][8][10].
UV-Vis spectrum analysis The bio-reduction of Fe-NPs in aqueous solutions was monitored by measuring UV/Vis spectrum.
It was suggested to be responsible for iron reduction, with the broad peaks at 2900 cm−1 attributed to methyl C-H stretching.
Usually, the reduction of pollutants' concentrations with an increased dose of iron nanoparticles is a surface function.

Damage was defined as a reduction in stiffness and introduced by replacing the columns with elements having 6 6× mm cross section.
In the study, damage of the model structure was defined as a reduction in stiffness and introduced by replacing the original columns with elements having smaller cross section.
System PULSE was applied for the measuring and data acquisition purposes (see Fig. 1b).

Features of grain boundary character distributions in a austenitic stainless steel after cold rolling with low strain followed by single and two-step annealing Fang Xiaoying, Guo Hong, Wang Weiguo School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P R China Keywords: grain boundary engineering; S3n boundaries; austenitic stainless steel; EBSD Abstract: The grain boundary character distributions (GBCDs) of two 304-type austenitic stainless steel samples, which are cold rolled with the same thickness reduction of 6% and then subjected to different annealing treatments are examined by Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques.
Two samples, which had previously been solid solution treated at 1323K for 0.5h and cold rolled with the thickness reduction of 6%, are subjected to single and two-step annealing treatment, respectively.
The data are plotted in stereographic projection along [001].

Fused quartz ceramic materials were fabricated in reduction atmosphere at various temperatures for 1h.
It is reported that reduction atmosphere and conventional oxides and non-oxides and nano-oxides, rare earth oxides has better effect on inhibiting crystallization and promoting sintering of fused quartz ceramic [5-7].
For thermal expansion ratio, specimen heated to 1200˚C at 10˚C /min is cooled in furnace to room temperature, and the experimental data are collected, recorded and analyzed by the device.

Linear shrinkage %=initial lenght-final lenght initial lenght×100 (8) 2.9 Data Analysis Microsoft Excel and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used to analyze the experimental data.
The collected data from soil amendment trials involving biochar from banana peels and bunch stalks was computed into Excel spreadsheets.
The addition of banana stalk biochar led to a 15% reduction in hydraulic conductivity of sandy soil, while banana peel biochar resulted in a 10% reduction (as shown in Tables 1 - 2).
Suction (kPa) 𝛹 C (%) BP3% BP5% BP10% BS3% BS5% BS10% 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 -10 24 30 38 40 30 39 43 -33 14 20 28 32 20 30 33 -100 7 15 23 27 15 25 29 Measured Data Van Genuchten Fit Observed Data Van Genuchten Fit Gravimetric Water Content (%) Suction (kPa) Suction (kPa) Gravimetric Water Content (%) Soil Water Retention Curve (Van Genuchten Model) Soil Water Retention Curve (Van Genuchten Model) (a) Control (b) BP3% Gravimetric Water Content (%) Volumetric Water Content (θ) Measured Data Van Genuchten Fit Observed Data Van Genuchten Fit Suction (kPa) Suction (kPa) Soil Water Retention Curve (Van Genuchten Model) Soil Water Retention Curve (Van Genuchten Model) (c) BP5% (d) BP10% Soil Water Retention Curve (Van Genuchten Model) Fig. 5.
Gravimetric Water Content (%) Observed Data Van Genuchten Fit Observed Data Van Genuchten Fit Gravimetric Water Content (%) Suction (kPa) Soil Water Retention Curve (Van Genuchten Model) (e) control (f) BS 3% Measured Data Van Genuchten Fit Measured Data Van Genuchten Fit Gravimetric Water Content (%) Gravimetric Water Content (%) Suction (kPa) Suction (kPa) Soil Water Retention Curve (Van Genuchten Model) Soil Water Retention Curve (Van Genuchten Model) (g) BS5% (h) BS10% Fig. 6.

The exponential decay rate formulas for the two flavors were obtained from experimental data and the solution of the theoretical model.
The simulated emission processes of the two flavor components were compared with experimental data as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (R2=0.983 and 0.958 respectively).
Simulation results fitted well with the experimental data in the stable emission period after the first 4 minutes.
Fig.3 Comparison between the simulated results and experimental data of limonene Fig.4 Comparison between the simulated results and experimental data of menthone The emission rate can be obtained from the solution of the eq.4.
The partition coefficients and emission rates of the two components were solved with the combination of the theoretical model and the experimental data.