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However, since the Industrial Revolution, rapid changes in population size, ecological degradation and globalization have led to a dramatic reduction in plant genetic diversity, which has been described as genetic erosion.
Genetic erosion may occur at three levels of integration: crop, variety and allele, which as reflected in a reduction of allelic evenness and richness appears to be the most useful definition, but has to be viewed in conjunction with events at variety level.
Rather than seeking to identify individual loci significantly associated with a trait, GS uses all marker data as predictors of performance and consequently delivers more accurate predictions.
And from related wild species, species-specific data can be obtained by whole-genome shot-gun sequencing, which can be used to design species specific polymerase chain reaction primers.
This requires knowledge of the genomic organization and function of genes, a solid foundation in statistical approaches to estimate genetic effects, strong background in plant biology, experience with both the laboratory methods of molecular biology/ functional genomics and field-based breeding practices, and the ability to manage large datasets with diverse data types.

A future trend seems to be a reduction of the product dimensions while keeping their product capabilities.
Fig. 4 Theoretical assumption of the roughness change when machined at 1000 DPI 1 – beam path at 500 DPI, 2 – beam path at 1000 DPI, 3 – hatched final profile of the machined surface Results and discussion Listed below, there are arithmetical averages of the measured data for the transverse roughness Ra at 500 DPI and 1000 DPI ( Tab.
To get the maximal information of the measured data, 3D graphs in Matlab software were created.
According to the obtained data (groove depth, mean arithmetical deviation and maximal profile height) an optimum configuration of power and feed setting resulting in achieving of the desired values for surfaces machined with laser feed at 500 DPI and 1000 DPI.
This implicates worsening of accuracy of size as well as the reduction of surface quality especially at lower value of feed [5, 6, 7, 8].

The increase of ion energy results in growth of defects concentration and reduction of the growing diamond-like condensate stability.
Fig. 3 Influence of the deposition speed of a carbon coating on the microhardness Hµ and the density D of the condensate The experimental research confirm the literature data that the hardness of the DLC coating growths with increase of its density (see Fig. 4).
The diamond-like carbon coatings with Al2O3-TiCmatrices allow significant reduction of the friction coefficient µ from 0.5…0.6 (Fig. 5a) to 0.2…0.25 (Fig. 5b).
(a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 6 Scratch panoramas of the Al2O3-TiCceramics with the DLC coating under loads of 1…5 N (a), 1…10 N (b), 1…20N (c), 1…40 N(d) The submitted data show that even with the ultimate load (up to 40 N) on indenter, the adhesion bond between the coating and substrate remains strong.
The experimental data showed that during the lathe turning the abrasive wear with craters on the tool’s rake surface is the most typical wear type.

Two Fabrication Schematics of Silicon Micro Perforated Panel Based on MEMS Technology Shao-hua Wu1,2,a, Zhan Zhao*1,b,Li-jun Guo1,2,c, Li-Dong Du1,d, Li Xiao1,2,e, Zhen Fang1,f, Jun-juan Zhao1,2,g, Yun-dong Xuan1,2,h 1State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China arandlife_str@163.com, bzhaozhan@mail.ie.ac.cn, Keywords: MEMS, Micro perforated panel, Noise Reduction, Resonator.
Absorption coefficient of square perforated panel can be verified in Fig 4 (b), and the data in higher frequency band from 5000Hz to 6000Hz in experiment is also lower than the theory calculation.

The data on diffusion in undoped oxides at low temperatures is also of considerable interest.
The experimental data (Fig. 1, curve 1) for nanostructured powder of LaMnO3+δ oxide is consistent with expression (1).
According to our data, this assumption was valid only for nanoscale oxide powders obtained by mechanical activation.
High-temperature data for NdMnO3+d and SmMnO3+d are absent, but probably they obey the same law.
However, the reduction proceeds at high temperatures.

In order to measure gas flows of every flow branch in the group nozzles, flow meter of type SH-1 is specifically developed, The measure system, control system, data display system, data acquisition analysis system subtly combine, the SH-1 gas flow test equipment and these measured flows data are precise, stable, good reproducibility, the errors of the measuring are less 0.5%.
The practical application proof, this valve response is keen, the stability is good, still could maintain the working pressure under the tremendous fluctuation of the designed pressure. 2.2 Measuring System The experiment table includes: plate orifice of flow, pressure sensor, differential pressure sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, control valve, data acquisition clip, LED display and interface.
The equipment uses pressure-steady box to reduce the fluctuation of the gas and stabilize the results. 2.3 Data acquisition analysis system In order to digitally show the experimental results, the data acquisition card is used to input the data showed on the meters.
The basic reduction rule of the flow rate after the group nozzles weld is found out.; (4) the single-flame tube combustion tests indicated that the combustion chamber performance satisfied the designed requirements.
References [1] Zhang Baocheng, Technology of Experiment and Test of Aero-Engine, Beijing, Beijing University of Aero & Aviation Press, 2005 [2] Xu Xuefeng, Manual of Sensor and Transmitter, Beijing, Mechanical Engineering Press, 2004 [3] Xu Debiao, Data Acquisition System, Beijing, Beijing University of Aero & Aviation Press, 2000

Because of the powerful data processing ability of FPGA, the fast interpolation algorithm is used for Bayer format data which comes from CMOS sensor MT9M011 to convert to RGB image format.
Lay the foundation for the high speed transmission and the following data processing of digital video, FPGA module implements the Bayer conversion to YCbCr.
Image Sensor FPGA YCbCr processing module Fig. 1 Hardware system Data format conversion Bayer format.
Because the real-time video data acquisition system needs fast processing, so selecting a fast interpolation method to meet image quality is very important.
It is foundation of the high-speed data transmission and digital video processing system.

The carbothermal reduction of ferrous iron has recently been investigated as a potential method for the manufacture of cheap and functional nZVI.
Perhaps the most environmentally compatible process developed so far for the synthesis of nZVI is the reduction of Fe2+ using polyphenolic plant extracts[4].
The adsorption data obeyed the Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 16.56 mg/g for As5+, and 46.06 mg/g for AS3+ [10].
The wide variety of different nZVI physicochemical compositions available and discrepancies in the literature with regard to the chosen testing parameters had led to a confusing array of data.
Techniques are not currently available to provide this data and need to be developed, validated and used as a removal matter of toxic metal ions and organics used in water treatment.

TGA data for FGN and GN samples are provided in Fig.1.
The TGA data correlated well with the results determined by FT-IR.
Adsorption isotherms were described well by Langmuir model and adsorption kinetic data was correspond with pseudo-second-order model.
Kim, Biological reduction of graphene oxide using plant leaf extracts, Biotechnol Progr, (2014)
Ruoff, Hydrazine-reduction of graphite-and graphene oxide, Carbon, 49(2011) 3019-3023

Design of fast digital detection of formaldehyde gas is contained in this paper, which take use of sensor for rapid detection of formaldehyde in the air, a data conditioning and acquisition circuit of changing nano-amps current provided by the sensor into a suitable voltage after the MAX4072 and OP37 was designed and the voltage would be received by MSP430 at last.
Software design Msp430 take advantage of low power as well as data processing ability for handheld devices.
In this circuit，micro-signal take the maximum reduction of the authenticity without going through too many software processing.
Converted voltage signal goes into 12-bit AD in the F149 through data acquisition.
Shkarovskii, in:Graphical Representation of the Initial Data and Computational Results for the MCU Computer Code, edtied by Atomic Energy, volume 99( Number 3 September 2005), p. 597-601