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Online since: January 2014
Authors: Sheng Cai Zhou, Da Zhang You, Jiao Chen
Diesel engine is used in the main drive system through the coupling which drives power to the worm gear and worm reduction gear, using a roller chain, and then driving to the embedded arm.
Taking into account that the engine speed is relatively high, so we should choose a reduction gear worm and worm.
In the process from mapping to the modeling, continuously changing to regulate data and improve data, finally we result in a more reasonable model.
Taking into account that the engine speed is relatively high, so we should choose a reduction gear worm and worm.
In the process from mapping to the modeling, continuously changing to regulate data and improve data, finally we result in a more reasonable model.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Hai Yan Liu, Xin Zhang, Shuang Zheng, Yong Duo
Thus, it is significant to correctly account CO2 emission from ceramics industry in China for low-carbon economy development and GHGs emission reduction.
A series of activity data of these enterprises in 2012, such as, the kind of fossil fuel, the consumption amount of fossil fuel, the lower calorific value of the fuel, the content of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in the feed, the utilization efficiency of the feed and the amount of feed, etc., were gained from these enterprises directly.
Table 1 CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion (ECO2,com,y) Enterprise Activity data of fuel combustion Parameter of EFCO2 CO2 (t) Fuel FC NCV CCi ai,m A Coal water slurry 463.5 t 17.5 GJ/t 33.6 tc/TJ 90% 899.4 Diesel oil 2585.9 t 42.7 GJ/t 20.2 tc/TJ 98% 8014.7 Natural gas 1306.9 Nm3 389.3 GJ/Nm3 15.3 tc /TJ 99% 28542.3 Total emission 37456.4 B Natural gas 9531.1 Nm3 389.3 GJ/Nm3 15.3tc/TJ 99% 56202.3 Total emission 56202.3 *: ECO2,com,y =S (FCi,m,y ´ NCVi,m,y ´ EFCO2,i,m,y)= S (FCi,m,y ´ NCVi,y ´ CCi ´ ai,m ´ r1) Table 2 CO2 emission from the prodcution process (ECO2,pro,y) Enterprise Ceramics production process CO2 Feed (t) h (%) Ccaco (%) Cmgco (%) (t) A 94117.6 82 0.57% 0.16% 257.7 Total emission 257.7 B 179.7 80% 0.54% 0 0.34 53.0 80% 0 0.34 0.07 Total emission 0.41 *: ECO2,pro,y =S [(CCaCO3 ´ r2 + CMgCO3 ´ r3)´ Feedm,y´ h] Table 3 CO2 emission from the electricity consumption for ceramics production (ECO2,el, y) Enterprise Electricity
Based on the accounting and analysis of CO2 emission from these enterprises, it is helpful that the enterprises and government develop and apply effective technologies and policies for CO2 emission reduction.
A series of activity data of these enterprises in 2012, such as, the kind of fossil fuel, the consumption amount of fossil fuel, the lower calorific value of the fuel, the content of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in the feed, the utilization efficiency of the feed and the amount of feed, etc., were gained from these enterprises directly.
Table 1 CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion (ECO2,com,y) Enterprise Activity data of fuel combustion Parameter of EFCO2 CO2 (t) Fuel FC NCV CCi ai,m A Coal water slurry 463.5 t 17.5 GJ/t 33.6 tc/TJ 90% 899.4 Diesel oil 2585.9 t 42.7 GJ/t 20.2 tc/TJ 98% 8014.7 Natural gas 1306.9 Nm3 389.3 GJ/Nm3 15.3 tc /TJ 99% 28542.3 Total emission 37456.4 B Natural gas 9531.1 Nm3 389.3 GJ/Nm3 15.3tc/TJ 99% 56202.3 Total emission 56202.3 *: ECO2,com,y =S (FCi,m,y ´ NCVi,m,y ´ EFCO2,i,m,y)= S (FCi,m,y ´ NCVi,y ´ CCi ´ ai,m ´ r1) Table 2 CO2 emission from the prodcution process (ECO2,pro,y) Enterprise Ceramics production process CO2 Feed (t) h (%) Ccaco (%) Cmgco (%) (t) A 94117.6 82 0.57% 0.16% 257.7 Total emission 257.7 B 179.7 80% 0.54% 0 0.34 53.0 80% 0 0.34 0.07 Total emission 0.41 *: ECO2,pro,y =S [(CCaCO3 ´ r2 + CMgCO3 ´ r3)´ Feedm,y´ h] Table 3 CO2 emission from the electricity consumption for ceramics production (ECO2,el, y) Enterprise Electricity
Based on the accounting and analysis of CO2 emission from these enterprises, it is helpful that the enterprises and government develop and apply effective technologies and policies for CO2 emission reduction.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: X.J. Li, K. Wang, G.B. Wang, Q. Li
Experimental results of simulation and measured data show that EEMD method can effectively reduce the base vibration signal noise, which is better than the wavelet and EMD denoising method.
To overcome this shortcoming, Wu and Huang [3] proposed integration of empirical mode decomposition method (EEMD), which is a new noise-assisted data analysis method.
Denoising principle of EEMD EMD is a new method for analyzing non-liner and non-stationary data proposed by Huang in 1998, which is based on the local characteristic time scale of the data itself to decompose into sum of IMFs.
The chart of sensor layout The following example has intercepted a length of 1024 sampling data for further EEMD analysis.
Hua, H.Norden E, Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, 2009, vol1, pp1-4
To overcome this shortcoming, Wu and Huang [3] proposed integration of empirical mode decomposition method (EEMD), which is a new noise-assisted data analysis method.
Denoising principle of EEMD EMD is a new method for analyzing non-liner and non-stationary data proposed by Huang in 1998, which is based on the local characteristic time scale of the data itself to decompose into sum of IMFs.
The chart of sensor layout The following example has intercepted a length of 1024 sampling data for further EEMD analysis.
Hua, H.Norden E, Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, 2009, vol1, pp1-4
Online since: April 2013
Authors: Esthela Ramos Ramírez, Norma Leticia Gutiérrez Ortega, Cesar Augusto Contreras Soto, Gustavo Rangel Porras
The major drawback of this conventional treatment method is the high cost of chemicals used for the reduction purposes and incomplete reduction of Cr (VI), which may produce toxic sludge due to surface adsorption of Cr (VI) onto the Cr (III) hydroxide precipitate.
The experimental adsorption data were fitted measure with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations.
Adsorption parameters and the correlation coefficients of the curves were calculated from the adsorption isotherm data.
The experimental data from the batch sorption study of chromium removal were plotted logarithmically (Fig. 6) using the linear Freundlich isotherm equation and the linear Freundlich isotherm constants are presented in Table 2.
The experimental chromium (VI) adsorption data for NHT and its heated products fitted well to the Langmuir model to monolayer adsortion and Freundlich to sorption multilayer, indicative to saturation in the mesoporous and intersheets.
The experimental adsorption data were fitted measure with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations.
Adsorption parameters and the correlation coefficients of the curves were calculated from the adsorption isotherm data.
The experimental data from the batch sorption study of chromium removal were plotted logarithmically (Fig. 6) using the linear Freundlich isotherm equation and the linear Freundlich isotherm constants are presented in Table 2.
The experimental chromium (VI) adsorption data for NHT and its heated products fitted well to the Langmuir model to monolayer adsortion and Freundlich to sorption multilayer, indicative to saturation in the mesoporous and intersheets.
Online since: January 2021
Authors: Angelo Fernando Padilha, Flavio Beneduce Neto, Leandro Gomes de Carvalho, Ronald Lesley Plaut
Table 1 presents the X-ray diffraction data for the Ti-nitride and its indexing as a face-centered cubic phase (structure NaCl type, Pearson symbol cF8 and space group Fm3m), with a lattice parameter of 0.42517 nm.
Observed and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data for TiN.
Observed and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data for TiC.
Observed and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data for Ti-carbosulfide.
Solution annealing heat treatment at 1130 °C for 30 minutes after 25% reduction by cold swaging represents a suitable compromise between phase dissolution and grain growth.
Observed and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data for TiN.
Observed and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data for TiC.
Observed and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data for Ti-carbosulfide.
Solution annealing heat treatment at 1130 °C for 30 minutes after 25% reduction by cold swaging represents a suitable compromise between phase dissolution and grain growth.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Benjamin Griebel, Wolfram Volk, Robert Ramakrishnan, Daniel Günther, Johannes Günther
Fuelled by rising complexity and diversity of cast parts 3DP is also becoming interesting for mass production applications [11]. 3DP enables the manufacturing of a ready-to-cast mould directly from CAD data.
Figure 1: 3DP process steps [12] Appropriate software slices the parts CAD data into single layers and transfers them to the 3D printer.
With the IRC data we are able to analyse the thermal history of every single specimen during the printing process.
As can be seen in process (C) a reduction of input from 8% to 5% results is a mean fluid migration of 9%.
Future research will also be dedicated to the analysis of mould material data such as Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio which make stress calculation for the 3B3 loading situation more reliable.
Figure 1: 3DP process steps [12] Appropriate software slices the parts CAD data into single layers and transfers them to the 3D printer.
With the IRC data we are able to analyse the thermal history of every single specimen during the printing process.
As can be seen in process (C) a reduction of input from 8% to 5% results is a mean fluid migration of 9%.
Future research will also be dedicated to the analysis of mould material data such as Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio which make stress calculation for the 3B3 loading situation more reliable.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Yan Zhang, Chong Peng, Hao Ran Wang
Each sample was run in three replicates and the data presented here are the averages of the three measurements.
TG and DTG curves of pure ABS, PBCL and different ABS composites with a 30 wt% total loading level of flame retardants in a nitrogen atmosphere are shown in Fig. 1; a collective summary of TGA data is given in Table 2.
Table 2 TG and DTG data of ABS, PBCL and ABS/APP/PBCL blends.
The LOI data and the char residue of ABS and its flame retardant samples were shown in Table 3 and Fig. 2.
Although addition of 25 phr APP with the reduction in the amount of PBCL only reduced the peak HRR of PP 1.8% more, the THR dropped obviously from 41 to 28 KJ/g with a reduction of 31.7% compared with pure ABS, indicating a good synergism of APP and PBCL in ABS resin.
TG and DTG curves of pure ABS, PBCL and different ABS composites with a 30 wt% total loading level of flame retardants in a nitrogen atmosphere are shown in Fig. 1; a collective summary of TGA data is given in Table 2.
Table 2 TG and DTG data of ABS, PBCL and ABS/APP/PBCL blends.
The LOI data and the char residue of ABS and its flame retardant samples were shown in Table 3 and Fig. 2.
Although addition of 25 phr APP with the reduction in the amount of PBCL only reduced the peak HRR of PP 1.8% more, the THR dropped obviously from 41 to 28 KJ/g with a reduction of 31.7% compared with pure ABS, indicating a good synergism of APP and PBCL in ABS resin.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: János Lukács, László Kuzsella, Zsuzsanna Koncsik, Ákos Meilinger, Marcell Gáspár
On the one hand, the actual processes can only be performed on small parts and in small volumes, which means that there are only small-size specimens available to define the data belonging to the materials and/or technologies [5].
The actual testing temperatures in accordance values of the determined tensile strength (Rm) and reduction of area (Z) are shown in Table 2.
Rounded data of the reduction of area values were summarized in the table, which also show minor differences between the results.
The values are in compliance with the data can be found in the literature [9].
Further investigations are required in two or even three directions to define further data (see Fig. 3) and to draw further conclusions.
The actual testing temperatures in accordance values of the determined tensile strength (Rm) and reduction of area (Z) are shown in Table 2.
Rounded data of the reduction of area values were summarized in the table, which also show minor differences between the results.
The values are in compliance with the data can be found in the literature [9].
Further investigations are required in two or even three directions to define further data (see Fig. 3) and to draw further conclusions.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Isabella Lancellotti, Cristina Leonelli, Luisa Barbieri, Rosa Taurino, Fernanda Andreola
In agreement with literature data regarding the use of glass in concrete products, there was a gradual worsening of the resistance increasing the percentage of glass, justified by the weak bond between the glass powder and the cement paste [6].
The development of cristobalite is in agreement with literature data that report the formation of cristobalite and tridymite for a mix mainly composed of amorphous silica subjected to a thermal treatment [7].
The impact test was conducted using a testing machine with a completely computerized data system which analyses, manipulates and displays the data in the form of force, energy deflection and time.
By substituting Portland cement, a significant reduction of CO2 emission is obtained related to the smaller amount of clinker that is necessary to produce.
Further, the use of very high amounts of glass to formulate a new ceramic body obtained by different forming techniques, that slightly influence the final crystalline composition, led to significant environmental benefits such as firing temperature and CO2 emission reduction, and natural material saving.
The development of cristobalite is in agreement with literature data that report the formation of cristobalite and tridymite for a mix mainly composed of amorphous silica subjected to a thermal treatment [7].
The impact test was conducted using a testing machine with a completely computerized data system which analyses, manipulates and displays the data in the form of force, energy deflection and time.
By substituting Portland cement, a significant reduction of CO2 emission is obtained related to the smaller amount of clinker that is necessary to produce.
Further, the use of very high amounts of glass to formulate a new ceramic body obtained by different forming techniques, that slightly influence the final crystalline composition, led to significant environmental benefits such as firing temperature and CO2 emission reduction, and natural material saving.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Qing Shan Liu, Zi Qian Zhang, Xiao Yu Chen, Duo Ming Zhao, Yun Xia Duan, Liang Fang, Xiao Ying Yin
The data suggest that rhCNTF may be a good therapeutic reagent to reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and may act by NOS regulation.
Neuron death was determined by measuring reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT).
The test of normality and homogeneity test of variance were used. , and data of neurological deficit scores were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD).
From our data, the expression of nNOS and iNOS were all increased in primary cultures after reoxygenation.
Neuron death was determined by measuring reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT).
The test of normality and homogeneity test of variance were used. , and data of neurological deficit scores were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD).
From our data, the expression of nNOS and iNOS were all increased in primary cultures after reoxygenation.