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The homogeneity of the solution was confirmed by comparing the viscometric data obtained from a TA Instrument controlled stress rheometer, using the 4 cm, 2º cone and plate geometry at a gap setting of 10μm, of a small sample (~500 ml) solution of the same concentration prepared separately.
Both UTP tap water and Polyacrylamide CFD results show confirming data with the experimental results.
In conclusion, while the data obtained from the experiments of polyacrylamide flow is not directly comparable with the Newtonian flow data for drag reduction analysis, it can be associated that the addition of the polyacrylamide drag reduction agents at the concentration of 1000ppm increase viscosity of the fluid to the point where the centrifugal force at the second pressure measuring point is overcome natural pressure decrease that happens due to the frictional forces applied to the flow via the pipe wall.
Acknowledgment The drag reduction polymers used in this research work and drag reduction effects were measured in the Flow Loop unit at the flow Assurance laboratory at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS.
Hoyt, "Drag reduction in polysaccharide solutions," Trends in Biotechnology, pp. 17-21, 1985

Manifold learning represents a promising research direction to the problem of nonlinear dimensionality reduction, the goal is to discovering the low-dimensional intrinsic structure hidden in high dimension data space.
(d) A noiseless Swiss-roll data (n=1000).
(e) 3NG is illustrated for the Swiss-roll data.
By using 3NG or SNG, 3N-Isoamp, a highly efficient and effective algorithm for dimensionality reduction is given in this paper, it does not require any structure information about the raw data.
Niyogi, Laplacian eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation.

Noise reduction algorithm of MEMS gyroscope signal is studied in detail by combining CS theory with lifting wavelet transform.
Noise reduction methods of MEMS gyroscope commonly include Kalman filtering, time series analysis, etc.
Split is to partition the data into even sequence and odd sequence .Prediction is to predict the odd sequence with the divided even sequence, the received prediction error is the transformed high-frequency component.
Experimental Results and Data Analysis The experimental validation is mainly partitioned into static and dynamic experiments.
Conclusion This paper presents a noise reduction algorithm combined with CS and LWT.

The digging Shovel of corn stubble shop machine design and the performance of drag reduction test Yiyuan Ge1,a, Junfa Wang2,b, Liuxuan Ma3,c , Dongwei Shao4,d 1,2,3,4College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China a65696787@qq.com., bwangjunf2934@sina.com, cliuxuan_m@163.com, dsdwshao@163.com Keywords: Agricultural machinery; Corn stubble; Biomass; Digging shovel; Response surface; Drag reduction Abstract.
As for the crops root stubble having the developed root system, the digging shovel with drag reduction has been designed for reducing disturbance to soil generated by soil-engaging components and decreasing power consumption.
Drag reduction performance test of the offset mining shovels is developed with the method of orthogonal rotation combination test design, law and importance degree of the four critical factors’ influence on traction resistance has been found, including shovel buried angle, slip cutaway, buried depth, and machine forward speed.
Drag reduction performance test Testing program.
Through data analysis, the traction resistance of various factors has been gained in the single-factor test, as shown in Figure 3.

Finally the creep reduction factor of confined and unconfined conditions is analysed in the actual project .
The creep reduction factor is mainly used in the engineering design .
Data acquisition system measures the amount of sample creep deformation through displacement sensors.
Based on the master curve,the long-term creep strength in the unconfined condition is=23.2kN, the creep reduction factor is,the long-term creep strength in the confined condition(100kpa)is=23.2kN, the creep reduction factor is
(6) Compared with two creep reduction factors,it is found that the creep reduction factor in unconfined condition is conservative .Applied to the engineering , take advange of the creep reduction factor in unconfined condition will make the project cost increased by 16%.The application to huge engineering will cost more.

In this algorithm, original high-dimension data is reduced by Sectional Least Squares method, and after reduction dimension, it is transferred into precision data as network input.
Case Experiment and Intermediate Data.
All of the above data are listed in Table 1 in detail.
Then a second Elman neural network is constructed , data of which from result of PCA analysis against samples and the input data of which from PCA reduction high-dimension, and forecast data listed in Table 2.At last, these instance samples are operated on SLS characteristic compression and reduction high-dimension, and they are transferred to new samples, from which the third Elman neural network is designed and predicts testing instances, result statistics presented in Table 2.
It is found that where there is an intensive relativity of inner elements in the set of characteristic variables, and reduction high-dimension of characteristic variables is effective on both decreasing data redundancy and eliminating temperance of repetitive-correlative data.

To simplify this process and significantly reduce the required expense, an integrated parameter and data management concept is proposed.
Furthermore, the data exchange between products, machines, and a higher level controller can reduce the relative costs of information.
Manually added data, which is already available during the commissioning process (e. g. design parameters and data sheet information) and further user input data that is commanded prior to or during operation.
(e. g. from data sheets) and generate parameter information of type 3.
Large amounts of process data from the field layer (e. g. from existing sensors in the servo drives) become available for superordinate analysis using Big Data, Data Mining and pattern recognition methods.

This stage can be divided into three sub- steps: data integration, data selection, data preprocessing.
Data Integration file or database to run multiple environments merge data processing to solve semantic ambiguity, omission of data processing and cleaning of dirty data.
The purpose is to identify the data selection of the desired set of data, reduction processing scope to improve the quality of data mining.
(4) Read data and to model Once the data has to be entered, and then is to use data mining tools to read data from which to construct a model.
How to store data in the data warehouse excavation become critical.

When Error Detection Schemes were used, there is a reduction in the number of cloud distributed storage systems.
Data owners can use the cloud data center as if it is available local, without having to worry about its integrity.
If any failures occur in the data center, we can recover the data from the compensation of neighboring data centers.
As a result, cloud data center requires encrypted data for the protection from unauthorized users.
While decrypting the data, users can utilize the key after getting the permission from the owner of the data. 3.

Geometry, inertia, mass and frequency data of the gull were used to model the wing.
The design data for the Black Headed Gull used in this paper, was taken from these papers.
Secondly, it controls the input of the upstroke span reduction through the span reduction servo which is connected to a push rod via its servo arm.
UAV Wing Kinematic Analysis The experimental setup comprised of a LASER sensor, a Power Amplifier, a Data Acquisition Machine, a LabVIEW program, the model wing with LASER reflecting tapes and the control mechanism as shown in Fig 2(a).
The 3D plots show the overall wing positions at different instants of time from the cumulative data of all the points.