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Effect of Temperature and Frequency on the Acoustic Properties of Konjac Glucomannan-Agar Gels as Tissue Mimicking Materials Anis Nazihah MAT DAUD1,a,*, Md Supar ROHANI1,b and Rosly JAAFAR2,c 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2PhyKiR Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia aanisnmd@yahoo.co.uk, bmdsupar@utm.my, crosly@fsmt.upsi.edu.my Keywords: temperature, frequency, acoustic properties, konjac glucomannan-agar gels, tissue mimicking material, pulse echo immersion technique.
Introduction Tissue mimicking materials (TMMs) are materials that mimic the acoustic properties of human tissues [1–2].
Haisch, Acoustical properties of selected tissue phantom materials for ultrasound imaging, Physics in Medicine and Biology 52 (2007) N475–N484
Rohani, A computerized system based on alternative pulse echo immersion technique for acoustic characterization of non-porous solid tissue mimicking materials, Measurement Science and Technology 29 (2018) 45902
Jaafar, A computerized time domain and spectral analysis system for acoustic characterization of tissue mimicking materials, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1083 (2018) 012016

References [1] Djwantoro Hardjito and others, ‘On the Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete’, ACI Materials Journal, 101.6 (2004), 467–72
[2] Yahya Zarina and others, ‘Review on the Various Ash from Palm Oil Waste as Geopolymer Material’, Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 34.1 (2013), 37–43 [3] Fernández-Jiménez A., Palomo A., Alonso M.M.
Materials and Design 52 (2013) 315-327
Reviews on Advanced Materials Science 34, 37–43 (2013)
ACI Materials Journal 101, 467–472 (2004)

Long-term durability of advanced polymeric materials in hygrothermal environments is of vital concern.
Pioneering work [1-6] has been conducted on diffusion and viscoelastic deformation in polymeric materials.
The effective time theory to predict long-term behavior of polymeric materials experiencing physical aging from short-term experiments [13] is analogous to the method of reduced variables for thermorheologically simple materials [7], both of which may be described with the concept of a material clock [8].
Elahi: Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials Vol. 4 (2000), p. 107
Hodge: Science Vol. 267 (1995), p. 1945

The synthesis of Lithium Aluminate materials and its performance of CO2 absorption Yinjie Wanga, Jiping Liub , Meixiu Kanc and Zequan Liud School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, 100081 awangyinjie@pku.org.cn, bliujp@bit.edu.cn,kanmeixiu@126.com,dliuzq1988@foxmail.com Key words : Lithium aluminate ; Absorption; Carbon dioxide Abstract.
In this paper, we use Nanoscale α-Al2O3 as raw materials to prepare the Lithium aluminate (Li5AlO4), and explored the impacts of Li5AlO4 materials CO2 absorption from the factors of material structure and surface morphology etc.
The preparation of Li5AlO4 Li5AlO4 materials were synthesized by high temperature solid-state method.
The materials’ structures are similar with the PDF card 72-0792.
Yamaguchi T., Niitsuma T., Lithium silicate based membranes for high temperature CO2 separation, Journal of Membrane Science, 2007, 294: 16-21()

Mesoscopic Scale Modeling of “Superplastic” Flow in Geological and Glacial Materials M.
Extensive studies on the deformation mechanisms in these materials have been conducted since the work of Boullier and Gueguen [1] on geological materials and Goldsby and Kohlstedt on ice [2].
Behavior of many geological materials and ice has been reported.
It is emphasized that in geological and glacial materials the grain size varies from extremely coarse to fine grain sizes.
International Journal of Earth Sciences 91 (2002) 445–458

Advanced Materials, 28/11 (2016) 2189-2194
Mechanics of Composite Materials, 49/1 (2013) 77-84
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 3/12 (2011) 4547–4551
Bruns, Mechanical unfolding of a fluorescent protein enables self-reporting of damage in carbon-fibre-reinforced composites, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2/17 (2014) 6231-6237
Sottos, J.S/ Moore, A Robust Damage-Reporting Strategy for Polymeric Materials Enabled by Aggregation-Induced Emission, ACS Central Science, 2/9 (2016) 598–603

Bahavior of Composite Materials to Withstand Impact and Compressive Design Allowables Zhen Shen1 Shengchun Yang1 Puhui Chen2 1 Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China, Xi'an, 710065 , China 2 Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China 1 shenzhen623@yahoo.com.cn 1shengchunyang@yahoo.com.cn 2phchen@pub.xaonline.com Keywords: Composite Materials; Material Evaluation; Damage tolerance; Damage Resistance; CAI Abstract.
Introduction CAI(Compression After Impact) values obtained by NASA (or SACMA) test standards usually are used as the very important index for material scientists to develop new composite systems and aircraft designers to select materials.
During the past 20 years CAI has been used to evaluate the behavior of composite materials to withstand impact.
Preliminary study on evaluation system of composite materials to withstand impact Recently Authors [2-5] carried out a lot of experimental study on the evaluation system of composite materials to withstand impact.
To be published in Journal of Composite Structures Vol 75, 2006 [5] Z.Shen, P.H.Chen, S.C.Yang.

Material Science and Engineering. 1998, 23(6): 243-285
Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2007, 154: 85-94
Journal of Zhejiang University ( Engineering Science). 2009, 43(5): 957-967
Journal of Applied Physics. 2003, 93: 8793-8841
Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A- Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2008, 45: 1049-1056

Acknowledgement This work is supported by Natural Science Key Project of Department of Education of Henan Province (13A440151).
Journal of China Coal Society, 2010, 35(3): 357-361
Journal of China Coal Soci-ety, 2010, 35(1): 1-6
Journal of China Coal Society, 2004,33( 2) : 167-169
Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2013, 30(1): 74-79

This effect can be made use of in various fields of science and technology.
The development of the so-called smart materials, the magnetoactive elastomers, enables a broad use of such materials in various applications.
This research paves the way to creating a fundamentally new class of controllable materials.
Journal of magnetissm and magnetic materials. 449 (2018) 77 -82
Journal of the Siberian Federal University.