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Effect of Temperature and Frequency on the Acoustic Properties of Konjac Glucomannan-Agar Gels as Tissue Mimicking Materials Anis Nazihah MAT DAUD1,a,*, Md Supar ROHANI1,b and Rosly JAAFAR2,c 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2PhyKiR Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia aanisnmd@yahoo.co.uk, bmdsupar@utm.my, crosly@fsmt.upsi.edu.my Keywords: temperature, frequency, acoustic properties, konjac glucomannan-agar gels, tissue mimicking material, pulse echo immersion technique.
Introduction Tissue mimicking materials (TMMs) are materials that mimic the acoustic properties of human tissues [1–2].
Haisch, Acoustical properties of selected tissue phantom materials for ultrasound imaging, Physics in Medicine and Biology 52 (2007) N475–N484
Rohani, A computerized system based on alternative pulse echo immersion technique for acoustic characterization of non-porous solid tissue mimicking materials, Measurement Science and Technology 29 (2018) 45902
Jaafar, A computerized time domain and spectral analysis system for acoustic characterization of tissue mimicking materials, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1083 (2018) 012016

However, for the "single factor" material model, the correlation between material parameters (D ，n) and temperature is different for various materials.
Some materials express weakly temperature dependence (D and n are temperature independent) [4], but other materials express stronger temperature dependence (D and n are temperature dependent) [5].
Deng: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 105 (2000), p. 95-109 [6] H.
Becher: Materials Science and Engineering Vol.
Seeger: Materials Science and Engineering Vol.

FEM of ECDM Process on Semi Conducting Materials Lijo Paula*, P.V.
The scope of ECDM in micro machining of semiconducting materials is still found to be promising challenge for researchers.
Many researchers have carried out the modeling of ECDM for various engineering materials.
From the literature review it is found that very less work has been reported in FEM of ECDM in semi conducting materials.
An isothermal curve is generated with respect to melting point of the workpiece materials.

Journal of Applied Optics, 2007, 28(1): 43-46
Materials Review, 2006, 20(2):5
Materials Review, 2007, 21(2):5-9
Journal of Inorganic Materials, l988, 3(2): l30
Doctoral thesis of Chinese academy of sciences, 2009

Mesoscopic Scale Modeling of “Superplastic” Flow in Geological and Glacial Materials M.
Extensive studies on the deformation mechanisms in these materials have been conducted since the work of Boullier and Gueguen [1] on geological materials and Goldsby and Kohlstedt on ice [2].
Behavior of many geological materials and ice has been reported.
It is emphasized that in geological and glacial materials the grain size varies from extremely coarse to fine grain sizes.
International Journal of Earth Sciences 91 (2002) 445–458

Syntheses of new materials include synthesis of porous carbon and porous metal organic frameworks materials and construction of battery structure use polymer organics as matrix.
Jiang, JW, et al. [1] summarized the function of molecular simulations in application research on nano-porous materials in energy area, and proved that molecular-level studies can bridge the gap between physical and engineering sciences.
Resulting CDC replica materials show high methane and n-butane capacity.
Results showed that the cell performed well without exhibiting water-flooding. 2.2 MOFs materials Porous MOFs materials experienced great development in the last decades.
[15] Du He Yun, Wang Chen Hao, Hsu Hsin Cheng, et al., High performance of catalysts supported by directly grown PTFE-free micro-porous CNT layer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21 (8) (2011) 2512-2516

Influences of Emulsion on Water Resistance of Vitrified Micro Bubbles Thermal Insulation Material Jiang Zhu, Guozhong Li a* Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China amse_ligz@ujn.edu.cn, *correspondence author Keywords: vitrified micro bubbles, thermal insulation material, softening coefficient, water absorption.
Introduction In China, organic heat preservation materials have been widely used in Exterior Insulation And Finish System, however, potential security risks exist in fire safety since these organic materials are flammable [1-4].
Cementing materials were composed of rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement of 42.5R, fly ash of grade I and sodium silicate.
In material mixing process, surfaces of the bead are coated with cementing materials.
References [1] QIAN Bo-zhang and ZHU Jian-fang: Construction Conserves Energy Construction Conserves Energy (2009), p.57 [2] Gu Tian-shu, Xie Lian-yu and Chen Ge: Engineering Mechanics (2006), p.167-168 [3] LI Zhu, ZHANG Ze-ping, LIU Yuan-zhen et al: Engineering Mechanics (2006), p.141-143 [4] SONG Chang-you, HUANG Zhen-li, JI Guang-qi et al: Building Science (2008), p.1-7 [5] SU Xneyun, SU Maoyao: Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society Vol. 30(2002), p.135-137 [6] Zhang Shui, Li Guozhong: Wall Materials Innovation & Energy Saving in Buildings (2011), p.33-39 [7] LI Qi-jin, LI Guo-zhong, YU Xiang-ji et al: Block-Brick-Tile (2012), p. 25-27 [8] ZHANG Guo-hui, GUAN Rui-fang, LI Jian-quan et al: Journal of Jinan University (Science and Technology) Vol. 20(2)(2006), p.116-120

References [1] Djwantoro Hardjito and others, ‘On the Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete’, ACI Materials Journal, 101.6 (2004), 467–72
[2] Yahya Zarina and others, ‘Review on the Various Ash from Palm Oil Waste as Geopolymer Material’, Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 34.1 (2013), 37–43 [3] Fernández-Jiménez A., Palomo A., Alonso M.M.
Materials and Design 52 (2013) 315-327
Reviews on Advanced Materials Science 34, 37–43 (2013)
ACI Materials Journal 101, 467–472 (2004)

Experimental Investigation of Large Deformation Fracture for Rubber Materials YL KANG1,a , X XIAO 1,b , XL LI 2,c , XH TAN 1,d 1 Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 2Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China a tju_ylkang@yahoo.com.cn, bsunshia@gmail.com, clixlnet@163.com,d tanxiaohua268@163.com Keywords：rubber-like materials, crack tip field, large deformation, sector division mode, digital moiré method of circular and radial gratings Abstract.
With the increasing investigation on reliability and stability of engineering structures, it becomes important for reseach on mechanical properties of materials under fracutre conditions.
Concerning to fracture problems of large deformation materials, deformation characteristics of the crack tip field is necessarily needed.
Rubber-like materials possess the ability to withstand large strain, which makes it ideal for many engineering applications, such as tires, belts, vibration isolators, medical devices, and so on.
Double nonlinearity of geometry and material need to be concerned when discussing fracture problems of rubber-like materials.

Material Science and Engineering. 1998, 23(6): 243-285
Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2007, 154: 85-94
Journal of Zhejiang University ( Engineering Science). 2009, 43(5): 957-967
Journal of Applied Physics. 2003, 93: 8793-8841
Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A- Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2008, 45: 1049-1056