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Equipment, process and raw materials will affect the quality of tobacco sheet.
As it not only has the adhesive function for the tobacco caulis, tobacco leaf, but also can endow a certain mechanical properties as flexibility, elasticity, anti-tensile strength, flammability and taste of cigarette.
The selected factors and levels were showed in table 1.
The Orthogonal Design Test of 4 factors and 3 levels showed that the factors’ influence order on the product’s viscosity was A＞C＞D＞B, while the influence order on the product’s stability was B＞C＞A＞D, Considering the adhesive’ water-resistance and color, the optimal Factor-level combination was A3B2C3D2.
The Sources, Properties and Other of Chitin.

This feature has a significant positive effect on their physical and mechanical properties compared to conventional materials.
The standard properties of nanoparticles can be further functionalized and thus get completely new chemical and physical properties.
Furthermore, there should be no changes in material properties, surface color, diffusion properties and surface properties (reflectance, gloss, roughness, etc.).
Among the factors that significantly affect the success of the strengthening process are: the mineralogical composition of the strengthening material, the nature of the pore system (size and shape of the pores), the type of solvent used, the nanotextile density and temperature-humidity conditions during application.
It has been shown that the construction materials exhibit previously unknown properties at this level, which can be affected or modified.

The presence of internal voids in the as-cast ingot may significantly affect the mechanical properties of final products.
Voids, developed during the solidification of a large cast steel ingot [2] and mostly found in the central upper ingot and in core regions along the central axis [3], are significantly affected.
The upsetting process was chosen because of the large deformation effects and consequent impacts upon the development of significant void closure factors such as triaxiality and macroscopic equivalent deformation.The latter is a technique aimed at increasing the width of a heated workpiece whilst reducing its length.
Throughout the actual upsetting process simulation via this software, thermo-mechanical fields are computed in a Lagrangian manner by implicitly solving the weak form of the balance and heat equations.
In order to account for specific high strength steel SF2000 material properties, adapted material constants , used in Eq. 4 and 5, were calculated using rational polynomials,function to the materials Norton exponent, identified and approved using curve identification algorithms.

Introduction In electronic packaging, one of the decisive factors of the successful soldering is the formation of intermetallic compound (IMC) between the solder and the substrate [1,5].
A new lead-free composite solder of Sn-0.7Cu/1.0-Si3N4 was chosen in this study because of its good in mechanical properties and give better joining properties compared to other solders [2].
Nevertheless, the investigation of solid-state interfacial IMC formation and mechanical properties of lead-free composite solder remains insufficient for electronic packaging industries [7].
This phenomenon is believed to be the key factors for the decreasing of IMC thickness at 150°C of aging temperature.
In this study, the presence of 1.0wt.% of Si3N4 in the Sn-0.7Cu has retarded the growth formation of IMCs during aging process and is believed may gives better joining properties of Sn-0.7Cu and Cu substrate [2].

Establishment of finite element model (1) And a simplified joint mechanical model At present, China has built the subway shield lining to withstand bending moments generally between -150 ~ 200 KN • m, under this simulation in considering the actual premise of safety engineering for simplicity and comprehensive analysis of the different positive and negative torques on the bolts affected joints, whichever torque 220KN • m and -200 KN • m, eccentricity take - 0.1m.
Lining force shown in Figure 1: On the map joint center take the torque balance: Solution: Eccentricity e -0.1m, according to the eccentric distance formula: Fig. 1 Lining Force Diagram (2)Size calculation of mechanical parameters and component This simulation because of the existence of main analysis of bolt on the joint partby the force of the impact, so the precast lining parameters used only by C50concrete as reference, analysis on the stress situation of lining joint part of the stress condition, the specific data see table 1.
(2) under negative moment, because the lining section partial outer part stressmainly, while the partial inner part of the main force for the joint force, so theeffect of bolt and bolt hole on the joint part is not obvious (3) in the actual situation, should be considered by the larger part of the positive moment appropriately increase the bolt hole strength, have prevent lead todestroy the entire surface of concrete and the influence of the effect of water to produce stress concentration References [1]Haiying Zhou,Tingguo Chen and Lixin Li:Theoretical and Experimental Research on the mechanical properties of shield tunnel lining segment structure(2011)
[4] Yingjie He and Jiang Yuan:The influence factors of joint stiffness of shield tunnel lining(Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,China,2001) [5] Bo Liu,Xia Gao and Longguang Tao:Metro shield tunnel considering joint effect of ring pipe mechanical model(Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,China,2009)
[6]Dongyang Zeng and Chuan He: Study on the influencing factors of subway shield tunnel segment joint bending stiffness(Journal of the China Railway Society,China,2005)

Meanwhile, the changes adhesion properties, functional groups, and corrosion resistance properties increasing with aging time were determined.
Some studies proved that during later period of corrosion coating properties largely depended on the zinc-rich primer with appropriate zinc powder addition ratio, and do not degrade other mechanical properties[9-10].
Photo-oxidation was one of the most common environmental aging factors in coating service life, which could decrease both resistance and mechanical properties of coating[11].
The changes in thickness, mechanical and electrochemical properties, and microstructure of epoxy zinc-rich coating with aging time increasing were studied, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) plots were obtained and analyzed.
Yu, et al., A study on small punch test to characterize mechanical property of aged high-density polyethylene (hdpe).

Welding stress and welding deformation may cause cold cracks and other defects, which are also important factors affecting the reliability of welded structures and the accuracy of components [1-2].
Fig. 2 Mechanical boundary conditions of cylinders Fig. 3 Weld section morphology Simulation of welding temperature field and stress field is a highly non-linear process, thermal physical parameters and mechanical properties of metal material changed with the temperature, so it is necessary to adopt the material properties that change with the temperature.
The material properties involved in the thermal analysis of welding include: thermal conductivity, specific heat, linear expansion coefficient, young's modulus, yield limit, etc. [6-8] Fig.4 show the relevant properties of the material.
On the other hand, there are many influencing factors in the actual measurement of welding residual stress.
Mechanical Properties of Laser-MAG Hybrid Welding on Low Alloy High Strength Steel[J].

Macroscopic properties are obviously affected by freezing and thawing cycles.
Mechanical properties of Gypsum Breccia with different water contents[J].
Water–induced variations in mechanical properties of clay-bearing rocks[J].
Influences of freezing-thawing cycles on physico- mechanical properties of embankment revetments in permafrost regions[J].
Effects of freezing–thawing and thermal shock cycles on physical and mechanical properties of filled and unfilled travertines[J].

Faulty insulators could appear in the HV transmission line insulator string under the comprehensive effect of electrical, mechanical and environmental factors and they can be detected according to the space potential and electric field distribution variation characteristics around the insulator string.
Introduction With a long-term operation under mechanical stress, electrical stress and complex environmental conditions, electrical insulation and mechanical characteristics of porcelain insulators will reduce gradually, which may lead to the degradation of insulators [1] .
(a) Passing through the sheds (b) In the air Fig.4 Influence of a faulty insulator on the synthetic electric field A conclusion can be drawn from Figure 3 and Figure 4 that the potential and electric field distributions around the insulator string are affected by the position of the faulty insulator, the extent of which varys with the position.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by Science and Technology Program of Electric Power Research Institute of Sichuan Electric Power Corporation, Electrical and Mechanical Performance Nondestructive Test and Life Assessment of Transmission Line Suspension Insulator.
References [1] Shaomin Wang, Gang Wei, Li Wang: Insulators and Surge Arresters, Issue 5(2006), p.6-8(In Chinese) [2] Yangchun Cheng, Chengrong Li, Bin Liu: 8th IEEE-ICPADM conference (2006), p.615-618 [3] Yewei Tu, Qiangfeng Xia:High Voltage Apparatus, Vol.48(03) (2012), p.67-74(In Chinese) [4] Subba Reddy B, Satish Naik B, Udaya Kumar and L Satish:Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (2012), p.1-4 [5] Xingliang Jiang,Qiangfeng Xia, Hu Qin, etal: Proceedings of the CSEE, Issue 16 (2010), p.118-124 (In Chinese) [6] S.Birlasekaran, H.J.

Based on this known sensibility, it is expected that joining techniques related to welding processes affect the phase transition, thus the shape memory and related properties.
In particular joining of NiTi shape memory alloys is considered a difficult task, and is an additional factor to be considered when such materials are implemented.
pseudoelasticity) affected [4].
Research on Nitinol, suggests that functional properties can be preserved upon friction welding in unprotected atmosphere [7].
The structural changes related to thermal (and sometimes mechanical) factors may extend to larger surfaces due to the particular low thickness of the shape memory materials.