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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Du Ngoc Uy Lan, J.L. Phua, C.K. Yeoh, P.L. Teh, S.N. Ishak
Besides that, the mechanical properties also showed a reasonable reduction in flexural strength and modulus of the epoxy porous obtained from toluene extraction compared to distilled water extraction.
Fig. 5 : Dielectric constant value of porous epoxy using water plus ultrasonic Fig. 6 : Dielectric constant value of porous epoxy using toluene plus ultrasonic Conclusions Porous epoxy thermosets were successfully prepared from epoxy/latex/ hardener system using toluene and water as extraction medium using ultrasonic method .From the data, effect of toluene on epoxy system showed the better porosity compared to water and it can be concluded that toluene is the better extraction medium on forming the porous epoxy.
Ruiz, Porosity reduction using optimized flow velocity in Resin Transfer Molding.
Fig. 5 : Dielectric constant value of porous epoxy using water plus ultrasonic Fig. 6 : Dielectric constant value of porous epoxy using toluene plus ultrasonic Conclusions Porous epoxy thermosets were successfully prepared from epoxy/latex/ hardener system using toluene and water as extraction medium using ultrasonic method .From the data, effect of toluene on epoxy system showed the better porosity compared to water and it can be concluded that toluene is the better extraction medium on forming the porous epoxy.
Ruiz, Porosity reduction using optimized flow velocity in Resin Transfer Molding.
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Nandang Mufti, Ahmad Taufiq, Sunaryono Sunaryono, Ari June Wilyanto Tyas Nenohai, R. Situmorang, Yunan Amza Muhammad
Diffraction data confirmed the presence of Fe3O4 and the amorphous SiO2 phase.
Diffraction data analyzed using Rietica. 3.2.
This decrease refers to the reduction of magnetic properties caused by SiO2 coating.
Analysis results of magnetic properties for all samples Sample Hc (T) Mr (emu/gram) Ms (emu/gram) TEOS 6 mL 0.0131 0.00891 14.46 TEOS 8 mL 0.0115 0.00834 11.89 Based on Figure 3, the magnetization data in Table 2 were obtained by fitting the Langevin equation.
Furthermore, the remanent magnetization obtained from the data analysis decreased with the increase TEOS concentrations.
Diffraction data analyzed using Rietica. 3.2.
This decrease refers to the reduction of magnetic properties caused by SiO2 coating.
Analysis results of magnetic properties for all samples Sample Hc (T) Mr (emu/gram) Ms (emu/gram) TEOS 6 mL 0.0131 0.00891 14.46 TEOS 8 mL 0.0115 0.00834 11.89 Based on Figure 3, the magnetization data in Table 2 were obtained by fitting the Langevin equation.
Furthermore, the remanent magnetization obtained from the data analysis decreased with the increase TEOS concentrations.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Jing Zhang, Ying Liang Tian, Jin Shu Cheng, Yan Li Shao, Xiao Li
Therefore, carbonate decomposition and silicate reaction is the main part of batches heat consumption, the optimization scheme for materials has a significant effect on energy saving and emission reduction.
Each batch was respectively tested 5 times so as to obtain more accurate test results; thirdly, the obtained experimental data were processed and then plotted as a DSC curve.
According to the results, the appropriate materials is selected to achieve a significant effect of energy saving and emission reduction.
Therefore, the results reveal that the effect of petalite and lepidolite on melting is better, meanwhile their heat consumption is the least, albite is followed, and spodumene is the worst, which provides a reference to energy saving and emission reduction of high alkali aluminosilicate glass.
Each batch was respectively tested 5 times so as to obtain more accurate test results; thirdly, the obtained experimental data were processed and then plotted as a DSC curve.
According to the results, the appropriate materials is selected to achieve a significant effect of energy saving and emission reduction.
Therefore, the results reveal that the effect of petalite and lepidolite on melting is better, meanwhile their heat consumption is the least, albite is followed, and spodumene is the worst, which provides a reference to energy saving and emission reduction of high alkali aluminosilicate glass.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Huan Xin Yuan, Yong Jiu Shi, Yuan Qing Wang, Ming Cheng
The experimental program concerned both rectangular hollow sections and square hollow sections (Fig. 1 (a)), and provided a significant amount of test data to analyze the influence of the width-to-thickness ratio on the local buckling resistance of members.
The deviation of data points to the diagonal datum line means the discrepancy between numerical simulation and experiment.
However, almost all data points are close to the diagonal line, indicating that gratifying simulation of experiments has been achieved.
The elasticity solutions are denoted by a continuous curve while the FEA results are presented in data points in Fig. 9.
With data points locating above the datum lines, rational results are obtained by the proposed method.
The deviation of data points to the diagonal datum line means the discrepancy between numerical simulation and experiment.
However, almost all data points are close to the diagonal line, indicating that gratifying simulation of experiments has been achieved.
The elasticity solutions are denoted by a continuous curve while the FEA results are presented in data points in Fig. 9.
With data points locating above the datum lines, rational results are obtained by the proposed method.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Jacek Pietraszek, Norbert Radek, Konrad Bartkowiak
The obtained data set consists of 101 traverses with 8000 data points in each traverse.
The whole traverse consisted of N = 8000 data points.
This defined two adjacent intervals: the first interval was selected from Np data point to (Xp + INTVL – 1) data point; the second – from (Np + INTVL) data point to (Np + 2 * INTVL – 1) data point.
Results The raw data was the traverse record consisted of 8000 data points.
For data considered in this article, the critical interval size is equal to 46 data points.
The whole traverse consisted of N = 8000 data points.
This defined two adjacent intervals: the first interval was selected from Np data point to (Xp + INTVL – 1) data point; the second – from (Np + INTVL) data point to (Np + 2 * INTVL – 1) data point.
Results The raw data was the traverse record consisted of 8000 data points.
For data considered in this article, the critical interval size is equal to 46 data points.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Cosme Roberto Moreira Silva, Edgar S. Ashiuchi, Volker F. Steier, Tales D. Barbosa, Tiago F.O. Melo, Jsé A. Araújo
(3)
With this method, the wear rates can be calculated with the inclination and with the interception of the linear regression for the data plotted in a graph of SN/Vc against Vs/Vc.
A reduction of 26 % was measured for the cryogenically treated specimens.
The specimens coated with CrN show a wear rate reduction of 29 %, compared to the AR specimens.
A wear rate reduction of 29 % could be reached due to the coating with CrN.
Hutchings, Methods of data analysis for the micro-scale abrasion test on coated substrates, Surface and Coatings Technology 183 (2004) 312-327.
A reduction of 26 % was measured for the cryogenically treated specimens.
The specimens coated with CrN show a wear rate reduction of 29 %, compared to the AR specimens.
A wear rate reduction of 29 % could be reached due to the coating with CrN.
Hutchings, Methods of data analysis for the micro-scale abrasion test on coated substrates, Surface and Coatings Technology 183 (2004) 312-327.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Daniel Macdonald, An Yao Liu, Sieu Pheng Phang
The approach was later extended to microwave photoconductance decay (µW-PCD) lifetime measurements, and then to quasi-steady-state photoconductance (QSSPC) data [15].
The red line shows a simple diffusion model fitted to the data, yielding a diffusion length of Fe during the precipitation process of 510 microns, and a precipitation velocity of 4.5×10-5 cm/s.
Figure 4 shows a linescan of the measured dissolved Fe concentration near a grain boundary in a mc-Si wafer [23] after annealing at low temperature (530 °C for one and a half hours, and then 600 °C for two and a half hours), and the simple model fitted to the data.
The narrow hump in the Fe concentration data very close to the grain boundary is evidently an experimental artefact caused by either diffusion of carriers or scattering of emitted photons in the sample close to the grain boundary, or a combination of both [22].
The model describes the remainder of the data well, and in this case yields a diffusion length for Fe during the precipitation process of 510 µm, which is close to the expected value of 470 µm based on the diffusivity of Fe during the anneal step [23].
The red line shows a simple diffusion model fitted to the data, yielding a diffusion length of Fe during the precipitation process of 510 microns, and a precipitation velocity of 4.5×10-5 cm/s.
Figure 4 shows a linescan of the measured dissolved Fe concentration near a grain boundary in a mc-Si wafer [23] after annealing at low temperature (530 °C for one and a half hours, and then 600 °C for two and a half hours), and the simple model fitted to the data.
The narrow hump in the Fe concentration data very close to the grain boundary is evidently an experimental artefact caused by either diffusion of carriers or scattering of emitted photons in the sample close to the grain boundary, or a combination of both [22].
The model describes the remainder of the data well, and in this case yields a diffusion length for Fe during the precipitation process of 510 µm, which is close to the expected value of 470 µm based on the diffusivity of Fe during the anneal step [23].
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Shan Hua Xu, Zheng Yi Kong, Yu Sheng Chen
Then the method is used to analyze the experiment data.
As the complexity of the localized corrosion,the existing paper[1~10]on safety assessment or analysis of mechanical properties often used corrosion rate or the method of a simple reduction to the size,and uniform corrosion and localized corrosion are not distinguished.
Analysis and results The acquisition data of the roughness tester is based on equal-area line,because the height of the (a) Before clearing (b) after clearing Fig. 3.
The profile of corrosion pits piont that occuring localized corrosion is lower than the point that not occuring,so the depth of localized corrosion should not be positive,and the acquisition data should be revised,we define the highest point of its profile as the point of zero,which shows this point is not occuring localized corrosion,then all data revise.Table 1 lists the average value of surface profile in a specimen.
Calculation of the thickness for uniform corrosion Specimen number The weight of loss (g) The total thickness of loss (um) the thickness of localized corrosion (um) the thickness of uniform corrosion (um) C66 43.690 397.543 202.952 194.591 the experiment data,we find that the thickness of uniform corrosion and localized corrosion increase with the rate of corrosion, and they all show a power relationship with corrosion rate.So it can distinguish the loss of localized corrosion from the loss of uniform corrosion,and it will provide help to safety assessment.
As the complexity of the localized corrosion,the existing paper[1~10]on safety assessment or analysis of mechanical properties often used corrosion rate or the method of a simple reduction to the size,and uniform corrosion and localized corrosion are not distinguished.
Analysis and results The acquisition data of the roughness tester is based on equal-area line,because the height of the (a) Before clearing (b) after clearing Fig. 3.
The profile of corrosion pits piont that occuring localized corrosion is lower than the point that not occuring,so the depth of localized corrosion should not be positive,and the acquisition data should be revised,we define the highest point of its profile as the point of zero,which shows this point is not occuring localized corrosion,then all data revise.Table 1 lists the average value of surface profile in a specimen.
Calculation of the thickness for uniform corrosion Specimen number The weight of loss (g) The total thickness of loss (um) the thickness of localized corrosion (um) the thickness of uniform corrosion (um) C66 43.690 397.543 202.952 194.591 the experiment data,we find that the thickness of uniform corrosion and localized corrosion increase with the rate of corrosion, and they all show a power relationship with corrosion rate.So it can distinguish the loss of localized corrosion from the loss of uniform corrosion,and it will provide help to safety assessment.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Phaklen Ehkan, Fazrul Faiz Zakaria, Mohammad Shahrazel Razalli, Mohd Nazri Mohd Warip, Lam Chee Yuen, Fairul Afzal Ahmad Fuad
Eurobalise are categorized into two types namely, fixed data and variable data Eurobalise.
The data inside the fixed data Eurobalise cannot be modified while for the variable data Eurobalise, it is compatible to other train control equipment to transmit variable data to the train based on the condition.
Receiver output when data pin grounded Transmitter Data Pin Fed By Constant Vcc.
Pulse Width Reduction.
There is a pulse width reduction phenomena occur in this project.
The data inside the fixed data Eurobalise cannot be modified while for the variable data Eurobalise, it is compatible to other train control equipment to transmit variable data to the train based on the condition.
Receiver output when data pin grounded Transmitter Data Pin Fed By Constant Vcc.
Pulse Width Reduction.
There is a pulse width reduction phenomena occur in this project.
Online since: March 2009
Authors: Shin Ichi Kinouchi, Tatsuo Oomori, T. Sawada, Shuhei Nakata, T. Oi
Substantial Reduction of Power Loss in a 14kVA Inverter Using
Paralleled SiC-MOSFETs and SiC-SBDs
S.
A multi-channel data logger was used to monitor temperature by K-type thermocouples at various points and we measured Fig.2 Photograph of the fabricated module. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Id(A) L O S S (m J ) Fig.3 Relationship between drain current (Id) and switching loss.
A multi-channel data logger was used to monitor temperature by K-type thermocouples at various points and we measured Fig.2 Photograph of the fabricated module. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Id(A) L O S S (m J ) Fig.3 Relationship between drain current (Id) and switching loss.