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Synthesis and electrochemical performances of Li4Ti5O12/C as anode material for lithium-ion batteries Fang Gu1,a, Gang Chen2,b 1 Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China College of Food Engineering of Harbin University of Commerce Chemistry Center Harbin 150076 2 Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China agufangwell@126.com bgchen@hit.edu.cn Kewords: Lithium ion battery , Anode material , Li4Ti5O12/C , coating Abstract: Spinel Li4Ti5O12 exhibits inadequate electronic conductivities that negatively impact its electrochemical performance, this disadvantage limits its commerical use in high current applications for future hybrid electric vehicles.
Different sucrose additions at m(sucrose)/m(Li4Ti5O12) = 5%, 10%, 15% are investigated along with the structure and electrochemical performances.
Experimental Li4Ti5O12/C composites were prepared by a solution method.The crystal structures of Li4Ti5O12/C were characterized by X-raydiffraction (XRD, Rigaku D/MAX-RC) with Cu Kα radiation(λ = 1.5405 Å, 45.0 kV,50.0 mA).
Results and discussion Crystalline structure analysis.
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of Li4Ti5O12/C synthesized at different sugar addition All the diffraction peaks could be indexed as spinel structure (cubic phase, space group Fd 3m) were in accordance with JCPDS card No-26-1198 without any impurity, indicating that these materials exhibited pure phase of Li4Ti5O12 with a spinel structure.

The influence of surface chemistry, roughness and hidrophilicity on the protein adhesion onto the biomaterial modulates the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. β-TCP is a synthetic bone substitute with bioactive, osteoconductive properties.
Surface chemistry, roughness and hidrophilicity on the protein adhesion onto the biomaterial modulate the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation [3].
These bands are very sensible markers to evaluate changes on protein secondary structure.
Although all cells in both materials (β-TCP-HI and β-TCP-PB) presented large amounts of filopodia and vesicular structures on cells surface, the results suggest that only β-TCP-HI promoted the cells differentiation due to deposits of delivered extracellular matrix.
Laborde, Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior of apatitic tricalcium phosphate, Materials Chemistry and Physics 80 (2003) 269–277

Morphological control synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite with star-shaped Yajie Guo1, a, Yuran Wang2, b, Guangjian Wang1, c *, Zhenxing Yang1, c, Wenwen Ji1, c 1 School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, P.R.China 2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, P.R.China achem@chnu.edu.cn, bwyr2260@eyou.com, cwgj2260@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: Hydrixyapatite; Morphology; Ionic Liquid; Microwave; characterization Abstract.
The formation of HAP could be explained by functional ionic liquid as structure-directing template.
The aim of this work was to synthesize a novel HAP with porous or/and channel structure and different morphologied using “green solvent” RTILs as structure-directing aegent and solvent under microwave irradiation.
All of the strong and sharp diffraction peaks can be indexed to the HAP structure (JCPDS card no.9-432) with fine crystallinity.
Uskokovi, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 67 (2003) 375-379 [5] Kawasaki T.

In order to form the pillars, the resist mask must be thicker than the height of the pillars to contain the entire bump structure.
In reality, when a number of wafers coated with thick PR are immersed in the organic solvent chemistry at the same time, the PR removal occurs through a “lift-off” process that leads to the peeling off of the thick PR layer in small pieces instead of through total dissolution in the organic chemistry.
With solvent reactant temperatures of 60 – 80oC and the process flow shown in Figure 1, the process may be optimized for time and temperature based on the resist thickness and solvent stripping chemistry used.
In step two, the same solvent chemistry (DMSO based, Cheil Ind.) at 80oC was sprayed with greater velocity and at higher temperature using a nitrogen spray at 100oC.
Results and Discussion Using the process conditions and required process times of both processes to produce clean results on the bump structure wafers, a comparison of cost-per-wafer of the processes was made.

Synthesis, Characterization, Structure and Thermal Decomposition of a Ag(I) Complex Derived from 3-pyridinesulfonate and 1,4-bis(2-methyl-imidazol-1-yl)butane Xiaomin Hao 1, 2,a, Gang Chen *1,b, Changsheng Gu *2,c 1.Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 2.Department of Applied Chemistry, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, People’s Republic of China aemail:hxmin2005@126.com, bemail: gchen@hit.edu.cn, cemail:gcsheng1968@126.com Keywords: Ag(I)complex; Synthesis crystal structure; Thermogravimetry Abstract.
Crystal structure X-ray structure determination on a single crystal isolated from the reaction mixture was performed to reveal an extended the one-dimensional framework composed of the building unit shown in Figure 1.
(See Fig.1 and Table.1) Fig.1 Molecular structure of complex.
(See Fig.2) Fig.2 Part of the ribbon motif one-dimensional structure of complex.
(See Fig.3 and Table.2) Fig.3 Part of the two-dimensional layer structure of complex.

China 2Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P.
China 3College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.
Its chemical composition, crystal structure, appearance and thermal stability were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, TG-DTA and element analysis.
Its chemical composition, crystal structure, appearance and thermal stability were investigated here.
Lerouxa: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids Vol. 69 (2008), p. 1362 [5] Xinrui Wang, Jun Lu, Wenying Shi, Feng Li, Min Wei, David G.

Preparation and characterization of BCN Nanotubes and their sensitivity to NOx at room temperature Ying Yang1,3,a, Zhuanfang Zhang1,b, Kan Kan2,c Yunlong Ge3,d Yanli Sun3,e and Keying Shi3,f 1 School of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China 2 Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing 163316, China 3 Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education.
The diameter of the BCN NTs is in the range of 20-50 nm and the tubes exhibit bamboolike structure.
Figure 1(a) shows the tubular structure observed within a synthesized product.
The results suggest that boron, nitrogen and carbon elements exist in the structure of the as-grown nanotubes.
These factors are closely related to the structure of the sensor material.

In this work, we applied quantum chemical techniques (DFT and TD-DFT) to assess which level of theory is appropriate for calculating the ground- and excited-state structures of ZnP.
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of ZnP. 2.
D4h symmetry constraint was imposed on the structure.
Govind, "Excited States of DNA Base Pairs Using Long-Range Corrected Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory," Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 113, pp. 9761-9765, Sep 2009
Head-Gordon, "Long-range corrected hybrid density functionals with damped atom-atom dispersion corrections," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 10, pp. 6615-6620, 2008

This image is highly consistent with images presented by Wei et al. [24] of a Cu/Pt core–shell structure.
The XRD diffraction pattern for core-shell structured PtPd/Cu/GDL electrode is shown in Fig7.
Küver, Methanol oxidation and direct methanol fuel cells: a selective review, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 461 (1999) 14-31
Savadogo, Study of O 2 and OH adsorption energies on Pd–Cu alloys surface with a quantum chemistry approach, Electrochim. acta, 54 (2009) 1769-1776
Ogasawara, Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core–shell fuel cell catalysts, Nature Chemistry, 2 (2010) 454-460

There has never been the possibility of mixing phases like solid solutions or domain structures with interface coupling.
For example, spinel crystals may crystallize within a corundum crystal, depending on local changes in chemistry, providing space and sites for a lot of ions.
Even a today widespread enhancement procedure using Be2+-ions may be interpreted as a local reaction of chemical induced structure modification.
Thus the common features of framework-silicate and tecto-oxide structures are compensating local chemical variations during crystallization.
Hofmeister, Mineral chemistry and structural relationships of inclusions in diamond crystals Acta Min.