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Light alloys such as aluminium or titanium are materials that provide a decrease in weight using conventional technologies.
As reported in [15], in forming TWBs such technological barriers as the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds, creation of porosity in the fused zone and limited ductility of the weld, which worsen formability and lead to material rupture at lower load, need to be overcome.
Cao, Forming of aluminium tailor welded blanks, Journal of Materials & Manufacturing, 110/5 (2001) 673-679
Zawadzki, Evaluation of drawability of tailor-welded blanks made of titanium alloys Grade 2 || Grade 5, Comp.
Giorleo, Experimental characterisation of FSW T-joints of light alloys, Key Eng.

Moreover, major aim is to design a smart sensor module, wherein entire hardware is designed on a single chip.
Dube, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 88(2005) 519 [2] S.
Chakrabarti, XRD, HRTEM and magnetic properties of mixed spinel nanocrystalline Ni-Zn-Cu ferrite, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 473(2009) 15–19
Doboli, “Low-Cost Sound-based Localization using Programmable Mixed-Signal Systems-on-Chip” Microelectronics journal, 42(2011)382-395. www.cypress.com

The aim of this study is to model the optimal composition of structural epoxy composites filled with dispersed metal waste.
Sample No. 1 (O1) was dust from the melting of ferrous metals and metal waste, and sample No. 2 (O2) was dust from the electric furnaces of melting alloy steel.
Data analysis Fig. 1-2 shows that the wastes of metallurgical plants No. 1 are mainly represented by compounds of iron and calcium, and the wastes of metallurgical plants No. 2 for the most part include compounds of iron, zinc, calcium and manganese.
Mohruni, Effects of Metal Fillers on Properties of Epoxy for Rapid Tooling Inserts, International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology. 7 (4) (2017) 1155
Dorogan, Aspects of making of a composite material when using red mud, Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2 (6 (92)) (2018) 23–28

Many magnesium alloys have poor corrosion resistance.
There is a number of technologies available for coating magnesium alloys.
Hot press cladding process aims to cover sheets of magnesium alloy AZ31 with sheets of commercial pure aluminum by hot pressing based on diffusion bonding principles.
Magnesium Alloys and Technology, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
Luan, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 336 (2002) 88-113

This is aimed to reduce sintering temperature.
Muffato and M.Gugielmi: Journal of the European Ceramics Society, 24 (2004), 911-914
Lim: Journal of Industrial Engineering Chemistry, 10(1), (2004), 78-84
Liu: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Published by Elsevier B.V., (2009), In Press

This paper, aims to take advantage of electrostatic spinning method to texture nano-fiber structure on the pyrolytic carbon surface with super-hydrophobicity, which provides new approaches for promoting the blood compatibility of pyrolytic carbon material.
Experimental Method Nowadays, there exist two methods for manufacture of super-hydrophobic surface: (1) to texture nano compound structure on the low-energy surface (2) to texture nano-compound structure prior to refining matters with low energy surface.
Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003) [6] P.G.
Fabrication of Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces on Aluminum Alloy［J］．Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities , 2008, 22(1):6-10
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field of Laser Remelting MCrAlY Coating Prepared by Plasma spraying on Titanium Alloy［J］．Laser Technology, 2008, 45(6):24-32．

They exhibit excellent chemical stability, hardness comparable to that of steel and other alloys [3], one of the highest dielectric constants for metallic oxides [4], minimal light absorption, and a high refractive index [5].
"Raman study of phase transitions in pure and alloyed zirconia induced by ball-milling and a laser beam."
Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 632 (2015): 307-320
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 628 (2015): 442-449

High-strength steels, superalloys, and titanium alloys are commonly processed via AM for use in the aerospace and defence sectors.
This analysis aims to provide insight into how build orientation-induced anisotropy affects fatigue life. 2.
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (2025): 1-12
Rapid prototyping journal 19.2 (2013): 88-94
Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2025): 180637.

However, most of these compounds are not only expensive but also toxic to the marine environment.
These compounds are widely spread in the plant kingdoms.
One of the compounds in the plant kingdom is Caesalpinia sappan L.
Quraishi, “Acidizing Corrosion Inhibitors : A Review,” Journal.
Gupta, “Green Inhibitors for Prevention of Metal and Alloys Corrosion : An Overview,” Chem.

Most recently, research has focused on doping WC cermets with different compounds including stabilized zirconia (ZrO2), which is one of the toughest known ceramics.
The main aim of this work is to compare adding trace amounts of Cr3C2 and VC grain growth inhibitor and to clarify the effect of the additives on the hardness of the composites doped with zirconia.
Muddle, “Transformation toughening in zirconia-containing ceramics”, Journal American Ceramics Society, 8-3 (2000) 461–487
Djuricic, “Microstructure and properties of ultrafine WC–0.6VC–10Co hardmetals densified by pressure-assisted critical liquid phase sintering”, J. of Alloys and Comp., 383, (2001) 98–102 [8] F.Z.
Juhani et al., “The Influence of Cr3C2 and VC as Alloying Additives on the Microstructure and Properties of Reactive Sintered WC-Co Cermets”, Mat Sci, 18-1 (2012) 79-83 [12] F.