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According to XRD patterns in Figure 2a, it shows that all of the diffraction peaks can be indexed as pure anatase phase of TiO2 in a low content of acid (0.5 M), which are in good agreement with the literature values (JCPDS Card Number 21-1272).
It also can be seen that all of the diffraction peaks can be indexed as pure rutile phase of TiO2 in a high content of acid (3.0 M or higher), which are in good agreement with the literature values (JCPDS Card Number 21-1276).

This is in good agreement with the Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card number 04-0835 as shown in figure 2.
Fig. 2 (JCPDS) card number 04-0835.
The optical band gap for the prepared films was obtained by using Tauc’s equation (2) Where A is a constant, is the absorption coefficient, is the photon energy and n is a number depends on the nature of the optical transition.

The major diffraction peaks ((002), (100), (103), (105)) can be indexed to the 2H phase of MoS2 which is consistent with the standard powder diffraction file of MoS2 (JCPDS card No.37-1492).
At the same time, the diffraction peaks ((-111), (-211), (-312)) can be indexed to MoO2 (JCPDS card No. 32-0671).
The reason may be resulted from the increase of the mole number of thiourea, which increased the concentration of H2S (because CS(NH2)2 hydrolyses to give H2S ), as a result, the excess H2S reacted with MoO2 to produce MoS2, reducing the impurity and improving the product purity.
The possible reason is that the concentration of reactants in the solution was getting higher with increasing the mole number of thiourea.
Therefore, the number of bubbles is less in the system of H2C2O4 than that in the system of NH2OH·HCl.

CuO/ZnO/SiNWs shows diffraction peaks at 31.44 (1 1 0), 53.3 (0 2 0) and 58.5 (2 0 2) reveals that the presence of Cu species on ZnO-SiNWs is mainly CuO phase [JCPDS card no. 89-5896].
Further that there is no change in wurtzite structure of ZnO morphology, which is confirmed from the observed 2θ values at 31.86 (1 0 0), 34.17 (0 0 2), 56.57(1 1 0) [JCPDS card no.36-1451].
In addition, the corresponding lattice parameters for the ZnO component in the coupled system deviate from the standard values [JCPDS card no. 36-1451, a = 0.326 nm, c = 0.522 nm].
The reason for such enhanced rate constant is due to the generation of enhanced number of surface active radicals by reaction between electron acceptors and CuO/ZnO/SiNWs.

However, the attendant cost per kilowatt-hour is regarded as high, which has resulted in a low number of electric vehicles operating in big cities.
The results of the diffraction patterns for each sample were compared with the standard diffraction pattern from JCPDS card number 20-0781 for NMC material.
Fig. 6 presents the diffraction patterns of the NMC LS C and JCPDS card number 20-0781.
The figure demonstrates that the diffraction peaks were in accordance with the diffraction pattern of the JCPDS card.
Here, clearly, the NMC prepared on a large-scale also exhibited a phase-pure structure with high crystallinity, with the peaks that appeared in the sample diffraction pattern in accordance with the JCPDS card.

As shown in Fig. 1, the diffraction peaks can be indexed to a phase of NiAl2O4 according to the JCPDS card number: 10-0339.
Another phase of MgAl2O4 can be indexed according to the JCPDS card number: 21-1152.
The phone number of the first author is +86 18669401887.
Acknowledgements Qingdao marine renewable energy special fund project Item number: GHME2001SW02 (20876079) Corresponding Author Name: Xia Li, Email: lix@qust.edu.cn, Phone number: +86 13730952739 References [1] N.L.

The phase analysis was carried out based on the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS) file number 81-0042 and 36-0340 [15,16].
These patterns could be matched with a JCPDS file number 81-0042 [15].
[15] Powder Diffraction File, Card No. 81-0042, Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) PDF-4, International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) (2000)
[16] Powder Diffraction File, Card No. 36-0340, Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) PDF-4, International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) (2000)

Peak positions and relative intensity for the naturally grown composites were compared to values from Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card for ZnO (JCPDS PDF #36-1451) and for Zn (JCPDS PDF #04-0831).
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the grant from Changzhou University under the contraction number ZMF1002132.

Lattice parameters of leucite were refined from XRD patterns against tetragonal leucite with JCPDS card No [38-1423], space group I41/a, lattice parameters: a = b = 13.0654(7) Å and c = 13.7554(13) Å.
Leucite (KAlSi2O6), JCPDS [38-1423] was a major phase.
Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3F), JCPDS [71-881] was a minor phase.
In addition, there was a peak indicated by x which could be potassium aluminum silicate KAlSi3O8 due to the best fit with JCPDS [19-926] database.
Glasses containing higher SiO2/P2O5 ratio resulted in slow crystal nucleation with small number of nuclei at initial stage and crystal size appeared larger than ones with lower SiO2/P2O5 ratio.

Experimental Smelting of 82B steel There were molten iron 80.1t and scrap steel 12.2t fed into a 100t top and bottom blowing converter for 82B steel to smelt (number 211-03138).
Table 1.Chemical composition of number 211-03138 molten steel in Tundish (%) Tundish C Si Mn P S Casting 10min 0.798 0.191 0.844 0.017 0.01 Casting 20min 0.794 0.183 0.826 0.017 0.01 Casting 30min 0.811 0.191 0.852 0.017 0.01 Preparation of anode The head part of the fourth casting billet (number 211-03138) in the middle stage of the fifth flow was sawed a slice as thickness as 15mm to take as the sample for electrolytic and other experiments.
The results show that the inclusions are mainly composed by FeO, MnS, Ca2SiO4, SiO2, Al2O3, SiAl2O5, CaSi2Al2O8, MgAl2O5, and TiO2 by comparing to the Cards Fig1.
X ray diffraction pattern of the inclusions from the 82B steel casting billet in the JCPDS X-Ray Powder Diffraction Standards Data File.
The main composition of the inclusions is the FeO precipitated in the front of steel billet solidification by comparing to the Card No. 06-0615 in the JCPDS and based the thermodynamics of iron- oxygen binary system.