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Titanium is one of structural materials.
Experimental Procedure Materials.
The chemical compositions of materials were shown in Table 1.
References [1] Nizamettin Kahraman, Behcet Gulence, and Fehim Findik: Joining of titanium/stainless steel by explosive welding and effect on interface, Journal of Materials Processing Technology,169(2005),127-133
Chatterjee: Diffusion bonding of commercially pure titanium to 304 stainless steel using copper interlayer, Materials Science and Engineering , A407 (2005), 154-160

Experimental Preparation of alloys The (Fe-Ni) alloy has been formed from high purity materials ≥ 99.95% of Fe, Ni.
Materials Letters, 60(8), 1068-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.10.078 [4] Iwase, A., Hamatani, Y., Mukumoto, Y., Ishikawa, N., Chimi, Y., Kambara, T., & Ono, F. (2003).
Progress in Materials Science, 56(2), 175-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2010.10.001 [16] Suresh, S. (2013).
International Journal of Physical Sciences, 8(21), 1121-1127
International Journal of Electrochemical Sciences, (7), 1288-1302.

Fabrication of metal matrix ceramic coating and its erosive wear behaviour Xiaobing Gu1,a, Enze Wang1,b, Zhengquan Zhang1,c 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composite and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R.
So, metal matrix ceramic coating composite materials [5~7] get great attention from researchers both domestic and abroad.
And many kinds of abrasion mechanism of ceramic materials are widely researched, and a series of achievements have been gained [8~11].
References [1] J.F.Zhang, Z.F.zhou: Friction and anti-abrasion technology, Tianjin: Science and technology translation publishers Ltd., (1993) [2] J.J.Liu: Material wear principle and abrasion resistance, Beijing: Tsinghua university press, (1993) [3] B.S.Xu, S.H.Zhu: Surface engineering theory and technology, Beijing: National defence industry press, (1999) [4] G.Dong, J.Y.Zhang: Solid particle erosion wear research progress, Journal of materials science and engineering, Vol.21(2) (2003), p. 307~312 [5] J.E.Zhou, J.K.Li, W.H.Jiang: Metal matrix preparation of ceramic coating application and development, Journal of Ceramics, Vol.259(3) (2004), p. 179~184 [6] Navinsek B, Panjan P: Oxidation of CrNx hard coatings reactively sputtered at low temperature, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol.179(4) (2004), p. 215~222 [7] Gazala Ruhi, Modi O P, Singh I B, et al: Wear and electrochemical characterization of sol~gel alumina coating on chemically pre-treated mild steel substrate, Surface
Spelt: Edge rounding of brittle materials by low velocity erosive wear, Wear, Vol.267 (2009), p. 1625~1633 [10] Said Bouzid, Nourredine Bouaouadja: Effect of impact angle on glass surfaces eroded by sand blasting, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol.20 (2000), p. 481~488 [11] Y.F.Wang, Z.G.Yang: Finite element model of erosive wear on ductile and brittle materials, Wear, Vol.265 (2008), p. 871~878

X-ray diffraction for polycrystalline materials has been used to analyze microstructural changes related to the deformation of metallic materials.
This difference may responsible to the difference in slip behavior, i.e., fcc materials show planer slip, while bcc materials show wavy slip [1].
Suresh, Fatigue of materials, Cambridge University Press, 1991
Nakai, Evaluation of fatigue damage and fatigue crack initiation process by means of atomic-force microscopy, Materials Science Research International, 7 (2001) 73-81
Maekawa, Microscopic study of fatigue crack initiation and early propagation in smooth specimen of low carbon steel, Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan, 31(1982) 376-382.

Introduction Binary Al-Si alloys are an important materials in foundry industry due to their light mass, good mechanical properties and excellent castability.
Journal of Materials Science, 39 (2004) 2023-2032
Journal of Materials Science, 33 (1998) 5015-5023
Journal of Materials Science, 43 (2008) 3009-3027
Materials and Technology, 44 (2010) 137-140.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 155-156 (2004) 1874-1880
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 198 (2008) 241-247
Hashmi, Metal matrix composites production by the stir casting method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 92-93 (1999) 1-7
Hashmi, The enhancement of wettability of SiC particles in cast aluminium matrix composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 119 (2001) 329-335
Materials and Design 24, 671-679.

From the stress-strain curve of materials and considering the concrete’ tension harding and compression softening, this programme uses the layered finite element model and arc-length method to analyse the bonded post-tensioned prestressed concrete frame, during the course it considers the material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity in the stiffness matrix.
The stress-strain relations to material .
Stress-strain relationship of concrete materials using the program shown in Fig 1: Stress-strain relationship of non-prestressed reinforcement.
ACI Journal , January-February ,1992 , 89 (1) :28-36
Journal of South China University of Technology,2006,34(7),p.109-114.

Experimental Preparation of Materials.
Table 2 The mechanical performances of materials for space docking Materials Density (g/cm3) Porosity Apparent hardness Friction material 5.58 3.7% 58 HRF Counterpart material — — 37~42 HRC The Running-in Characteristics of Materials for Space Docking.
This process is defined as the running-in of materials.
Junkins: Journal of guidance, control, and dynamics Vol.29 No.4 (2006), p. 892
Deng: Advanced Materials Research No.284-286 (2011), p. 479

TiNi alloys are preferred above all other materials due to their super elastic ability [9].
Experimental Process Materials, Equipment and Software.
Cui, Stress–strain behaviour of porous NiTi alloys prepared by powders sintering, Materials Science and Engineering A, 408 (2005) 264–26
Chung, Characterization of transformation behaviour in porous Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloy fabricated by combustion synthesis, Journal of Materials Science, 40 (2005) 773– 776
Bhaduri, Manufacturing and processing of NiTi implants: A review, Progress in Materials Science, 57 (2012) 911–946

Rizam, Microstructural Study And Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis At Elevated Temperatures Of Superheated As-Cast A357 Alloy, International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. 4 (2009) 181-185 [4] M.
Shakesheff, Influence Of Microstructure And Texture On Mechanical Properties Of Aluminium Alloy 2124/5%Sic Particulate Composites, Materials Science and Technology. 14 (1998) 949-958 [6] Y.
Amin, Potential Of Palm Oil Clinker As Reinforcement In Aluminium Matrix Composites For Tribological Applications, International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. 6 (2011) 10-17 [7] Y.
Norman Dowling, Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Prentice-Hall International. 1993 [12] S.
Usman, Effects of Heat Treatment on Strength and Ductility of Rolled and Forged Aluminum 6063 Alloy, Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering. 9 (2010) 763-773 [13] G.