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Due to the environmental problems resulting from the production of cement, created the demand to replace the cement by industrial waste materials, Fly ash (FA) is the waste material having pozzolonic properties, also it is cost-effective and eco-friendly material.
Materials High Calcium fly ash and Aggregates.
Waste materials such as HCF are used as binding materials, M-sand is used as fine aggregate, Sodium hydroxide (SH) and Sodium silicates (SS) are used as alkaline solutions, with different AL to HCF such as 0.45, 0.55, 0.6 and 0.65 under ambient curing.
Mehta, ACI, 144 (1994) 383–93 [9] Topark-Ngarm P, Chindaprasirt P and Sata V, Setting time, strength, and bond of high-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 27(7) (2015) 1–7 [10] Part W K, Ramli M and Cheah C B, An overview on the influence of various factors on the properties of geopolymer concrete derived from industrial by-products, Construction and Building Materials. 77 (2015) 370–95 [11] Cheah C B, Samsudin M H, Ramli M, Part W K and Tan L E ,The use of high calcium wood ash in the preparation of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Pulverized Fly Ash geopolymers: A complete microstructural and mechanical characterization, Journal of Cleaner Production. 156 (2015) 114–23 [12] Vijaya Prasad and Arumairaj,Recent Advancements in Geopolymer Concrete using Class-F and Class-C Fly Ash, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering. 8 (2019) 5879–84 [13] Antoni, Wijaya S W and Hardjito D, Factors affecting
the setting time of fly ash-based geopolymer Materials Science Forum, (2015) [14] Wattimena O K, Antoni and Hardjito D, A review on the effect of fly ash characteristics and their variations on the synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer, AIP Conference Proceedings, (2015) [15] IS383 2016 Coarse and fine aggregate for concrete Third edit 1–17, Bureau of Indian Standards.

Rice husk has become an important material for preparation of various materials [11].
Electronic Materials Letters Vol. 5, No. 4(2009),pp. 209-212. [10] Nick Zemke, Emmet Woods,Rice Husk Ash.Callfornia Polytechnic State University,2009. [11]Olawale,Olamide,Fetus Adekunle Oyawale, Characterization of Rice Husk via Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for Optimal Silica Production.International Journal of science and Technology,2012,ISSN 2224-3577. [12] Omatola, K.M and Onojah, A.D,Elemental Analysis of Rice Husk Ash Using X-ray Fluorence Technique.
International Journal of Physical Sciences,2009 Vol. 4 (4),pp.189-193. [13] Saowaroj chuayjuljit, supparat Eiumnoh and Pranut Potiyaraj,Using silica from Rice Husk as a Reinforcing Filler in Natural Rubber.
International Seminar on Science and Technology of Glass Materials (ISSTGM-2009).IOP Conf.Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2 (2009) 012057. [15] Sidek H.A.A , Rosmawati S, Azmi B.Z, and Shaari A.H, 2013.
Development of BaO:B2O3:Flyash Glass System for Gamma-rays Shielding Materials.Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology (2011) Vol.1,p.110-113. [19] Xiao Hu, Guillaume Guery, Joshua Boerdtler, J.

Materials and Design, 2009, 30: 526-531
Journal of Materials Technology, 2007, 192-193: 237-242
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2008, 198: 391-398
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007, 187-188: 169-172
Lemaitre, A continuous damage mechanics model for ductile fracture, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology: Transactions of the ASME, 1985, 107:83-89

Materials Science & Engineering A.369 (2004) 230-235
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 212 (2012) 497-508
Materials Science & Engineering A. 584 (2013) 97-102
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 152 (2004) 136-143
Materials Science & Engineering A. 243 (1998) 82-88

Anglada1,d 1 Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy (CMEM), Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Avda.
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Biswas, Journal of material research, 19 (2004), p. 2616
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Schmucker, Material science and Engineering A, 276 (2000), p.1

From past few years, enormous study was conducted on tribological properties of cryogenic treated ferrous materials [6-10] such as tool steels; valve steels etc., and reported that these properties were greatly enhanced due to cryogenic treatment.
Glaeser, Wear properties of heavy loaded copper-base bearing alloys, Journal of metals, 35(10) (1983) 50-55
[5] Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman, Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury, Effect of Normal Load and Sliding Velocity on Friction Coefficient of Aluminum Sliding Against Different Pin Materials, American Journal of Materials Science, 2(1) (2012) 26-31
Delprete, Deep Cryogenic Treatment: A Bibliographic Review, The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2 (2008) 1-11
Golozar, Effects of cryogenic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel, Materials and Design, 30 (2009) 3259–3264

Before the melting started, all the materials should be dried at 200℃ for 1-2 hours.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2001, 117:381-385
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, 2009, 1(1):103-110
Materials Science and Engineering, 2008, 496(12): 159-168
Materials Science and Engineering, 2005, 21(5): 574-578

Elliott, Role of austenite in promoting ductility in an austempered ductile iron, Materials Science and Technology. 13 (1997) 319-326
Ohba, The relationship between fatigue strength and microstructure in an austempered Cu-Ni-Mn-Mo alloyed ductile iron, Journal of materials science. 32 (1997) 5383-5388
Putatunda, An investigation on the stability of austenite in austempered ductile cast iron(ADI), Materials Science & Engineering A. 626 (2015) 273-246
Valdés, Experimental study of thethermal stability of austempered ductile irons, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 11 (2002) 519–526
Mannheim, Strain-induced martensite in ADI alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 3 (2003) 347-351

(a) Test for Mode I fracture toughness of Northeast China Larch As standard test procedures of determining fracture toughness KIC of wood have not been established yet, the ASTM guideline for CT specimens of metallic materials (ASTM E399-09) was taken as the reference of the test.
Although Eq. (1) given by ASTM E399-09 is for isotropic materials only, Sih, Paris and Irwin reported that little difference will be introduced when orthotropy is taken into account for a sharp crack [10].
[9] ASTM E399-09 Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials.
Croager, Mode II fracture toughness of wood measured by a mixed-mode test method, Journal of Materials Science Letter. 1 (1982) 77-79
Walsh, Linear fracture mechanics in orthotropic materials, Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 4 (1972) 533-541

The main physiochemical properties and electrochemical performance as electrode materials in 1 molL-1 (NH4)2SO4 electrolyte were analyzed.
Specific capacitance of the active materials can be calculated from the discharge curve using Eq.(1): Where I is the discharge current, t the time, V the voltage and m is the amount of active material in one electrode.
Zhitomirsky, Materials Chemistry and Physics 103 (2007), P47
Zhitomirsky, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 186 (2007), P256
He, Materials Science and Engineering A 397 (2005), P305