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Materials and methods Materials Smelting ash was collected from the Zhu zhou Smelter Group, China.
Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2005, 13: 43-50.
Review of As-containing materials treatment and utilization in nonferrous metallurgy industry [J].
Progress in Materials Science, 2002, 47(4): 355-414
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 174(1–3): 586-91

Fig.1 Section form Unified Strength Theory The unified strength theory was established by YU [6] based on the twin shear strength theory, which considered the effects of intermediate principal stress and can be applied to a variety of different materials.
The restraint stress decreases with the increase of material parameter , while the restraint stress increases with the increase of material parameter .
Acknowledgements The study of this paper is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (50908015) and Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2011JM7002).
Irwin: Journal of Structural Engineering Vol. 121(1995), p. 797-805 [2] T.T.
Kodur: Journal of Structural Engineering Vol. 122(1996), p. 30-36 [3] Jinsheng Han, Yuli Dong, Zhaodong Xu, et al: Journal of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering Vol. 31(2009), p. 11-17, in Chinese [4] Xiaoli Wu, Jinsheng Han, Wenrang Cheng: Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition) Vol. 39(2009), p. 174-178, in Chinese [5] Ganping Shu, Xiaoying Liu, Wei Miao: Industrial Construction Vol. 40(2010), p. 100-106, in Chinese [6] Maohong Yu: Unified Strength Theory and Its Applications (Springer Press, Berlin 2004) [7] Zhenhai Guo, Xudong Shi: Theory and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete (Tsinghua University Press, Beijing 2003), in Chinese [8] Junhai Zhao: Unified Strength Theory and Its Engineering Application (Science Press, Beijing 2003), in Chinese

Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008, 485 (1-2) 20-30
Materials Science and Engineering A, 2007, 460-461 494-498
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2010, 19 (2) 155-165
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2011, 211 (7) 1224-1233
Materials Science and Engineering A, 2000, 289 (1-2) 143-150

China 2Department of Material Science and Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023,P.R.
Introduction With the rise of commercial buildings and the development of civil building, construction and decoration materials mushroom rapidly.
Among the internal wall adornment materials, synthetic resin emulsion paint attracts more and more attentions because of its excellent properties, such as beautiful, easy to use, renovation conveniently and so on [1,2].
Experimental Materials.
Zhou: Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 306-307 (2011), p. 913

Test Methods Test materials.
Journal of Engineering Geology, 2006(05):709-714
Materials Science and Engineering, 2003(03): 460- 463
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2000, 22(5): 549- 554
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2001, 23(4): 472- 475

Experimental Methods and Materials Materials Chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO, Mw<1000) was purchased from Dalian Glycobio Co., Ltd.
Functional Materials, 2012 20 (43) 2790-2794
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2010 21 (2) 557-565
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2012 23 (2) 375-384
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2012 23 (7) 1775-1783

This paper addresses a physics based derivation of mode-I and mode-II traction separation relations in the context of cohesive zone modeling of ductile fracture of metallic materials.
Introduction Ductile fracture of metallic materials involves generation of considerable porosity, where micro voids nucleate, grow and coalesce.
This approach was first introduced by [6] and subsequently used by [7] for modeling crack propagation in ductile materials.
Gurson, Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth: PART I - Yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile media, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 99, 2-15, 1977
Cocks, Inelastic deformation of porous materials, Journal of the Mechanins and Physics of Solids, 37, 693-715, 1989

Many scholars study found the high voltage electric field drying is fast, high quality, and there is a significant advantage in drying heat-sensitive materials, and low energy consumption[2,4].
Experimental equipment and methods The experimental device Experimental materials: corn and rice.
Li: submitted to Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (2009) “In Chinese” [6] Y.X.
Sun: submitted to Journal of Dalian Maritime University (2009) “In Chinese” [7] C.J.
Zhang: submitted to Science and Technology Innovation Herald (2012) “In Chinese”

Fabrication of metal matrix ceramic coating and its erosive wear behaviour Xiaobing Gu1,a, Enze Wang1,b, Zhengquan Zhang1,c 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composite and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R.
So, metal matrix ceramic coating composite materials [5~7] get great attention from researchers both domestic and abroad.
And many kinds of abrasion mechanism of ceramic materials are widely researched, and a series of achievements have been gained [8~11].
References [1] J.F.Zhang, Z.F.zhou: Friction and anti-abrasion technology, Tianjin: Science and technology translation publishers Ltd., (1993) [2] J.J.Liu: Material wear principle and abrasion resistance, Beijing: Tsinghua university press, (1993) [3] B.S.Xu, S.H.Zhu: Surface engineering theory and technology, Beijing: National defence industry press, (1999) [4] G.Dong, J.Y.Zhang: Solid particle erosion wear research progress, Journal of materials science and engineering, Vol.21(2) (2003), p. 307~312 [5] J.E.Zhou, J.K.Li, W.H.Jiang: Metal matrix preparation of ceramic coating application and development, Journal of Ceramics, Vol.259(3) (2004), p. 179~184 [6] Navinsek B, Panjan P: Oxidation of CrNx hard coatings reactively sputtered at low temperature, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol.179(4) (2004), p. 215~222 [7] Gazala Ruhi, Modi O P, Singh I B, et al: Wear and electrochemical characterization of sol~gel alumina coating on chemically pre-treated mild steel substrate, Surface
Spelt: Edge rounding of brittle materials by low velocity erosive wear, Wear, Vol.267 (2009), p. 1625~1633 [10] Said Bouzid, Nourredine Bouaouadja: Effect of impact angle on glass surfaces eroded by sand blasting, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol.20 (2000), p. 481~488 [11] Y.F.Wang, Z.G.Yang: Finite element model of erosive wear on ductile and brittle materials, Wear, Vol.265 (2008), p. 871~878

Shimizu: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 127 (2002), p. 165–168 [9] T.J.
Lei: International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials Vol. 23 (2005),p. 273-277 [37] B.J.
J of Materials Proc Tech Vol. 143–144 (2003),p. 636–644 [47] S.K.
Yarlagadda: Journal of Materials Processing Tech Vol. 130–131(2002),p. 315– 320 [49] P.
Agren: J Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 452-453 (2007),p. 37-45 [53] D.F.