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Microwave-assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Micropowder Pusit Pookmanee1,a , Supasima Makarunkamol1,b, Sakchai Satienperakul1,c , Jiraporn Kitikul1,d and Sukon Phanichphant2,e 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 2NANOTEC Center of Excellence, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand a pusit@mju.ac.th, bsupasimamakarunkamol@yahoo.com, csakchais@mju.ac.th, d kitikul_j@hotmail.com, esphanichphant@yahoo.com Keywords: Zinc oxide, microwave method Abstract.
A single phase of hexagonal structure was obtained.
Confirmation structure of ZnO micropowder was obtained by comparison with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) Card File No.01-075-0576 [10].

The grown ZnO nanorods was in well array with flat hexagonal tip and wurtzite crystal structure.
Maheshwar, Enhanced photocatalytic activity of highly porous ZnO thin films prepared by sol–gel process, Materials chemistry and physics 76.1 (2002): 82-87
Azid, Effect of Seed Annealing Temperature and Growth Duration on Hydrothermal ZnO Nanorod Structures and their Electrical Characteristics, Applied Surface Science (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.06.159 [13] Abd Rashid Amirul et al.Effect of Oxygen Plasma Conditioning on Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanostructure Morphology in Hydrothermal Growth Method, International Conference On Nanomaterials (ICNM 13), Chennai, India.

At this scale, the fcc-Co will stabilize with a smaller value of total surface energy (Ω) over the hcp-Co structure.
Table 1 The Lattice Surface Area (A) and Lattice Surface Energy (Ω) for hcp and fcc crystal structures in milled cobalt powder.
The allotropic phase transformation in cobalt depends on grain-size and accumulation of structure defects.
Smaller crystallite size and increasing micro-strain lead to the formation of stable fcc structure.
Metselaar: Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry Vol.38 (2008), p.341 [13] W.S.

The changes in polymer structure of polyacid with respect to pH are illustrated in Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 Schematic representation of changes in polymer structure of polybases with pH values [14].
They are involved in all biological and metabolic processes, serving as the prime protagonists in the chemistry of living organisms at a molecular level.
Fig.6 The structure of magnetic-responsive nanocarriers [14].
Thakur (Eds.), Handbook of Sustainable Polymers structure and Chemistry, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Pan Stanford, 2016, pp. 737-816

Adsorptive Removal of Dibenzothiophene in Diesel Fuel on an Adsorbent from Rice Hull Activated by Phosphoric Acid Guo-Xian Yu1,2*, Jing Sun2 , Xiao-Ming Hou2* , Xiao-Long Zhou2, Cheng-Lie Li2, Lifang Chen3* , Jin-An Wang 3 1 School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China 2 School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China 3 ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av.
Recently, much attention has been paid to the carbon-based adsorbents for adsorptive desulfurization because of their higher surface area, satisfactory porous structure and the abilities for surface chemical property modification.
The effect of the silica removal from the adsorbent on the combination of textural structures, surface acid properties and adsorption behaviors for DBTs will also be concerned. 2 Experimental 2.1.
Textual structures and surface acid properties of adsorbents Textural structures of the phosphoric acid-functionalized RH samples were listed in Table 2.
Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 27.

It is first attempted to demonstrate the catalytic efficiency and structure-sensitivity reactions on the surface of carbon nanotube (CNT) encapsulated with metal oxide particle.
The results obtained from DFT calculation and experiments verified the highly active of CuO@CNT catalysts for the generation of hydroxyl radicals, and the structure-sensitivity for the oxidation of dichlorophenol.
This suggests a novel strategy to design well-defined interfaces, controlling the structure-sensitivity reaction, can hence markedly improve the performance of catalysts.
Studies using model systems, in particular single crystals and ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, have shown that different surface planes of catalyst can show widely different chemistries.[2] But preparing supported catalysts with well-defined particle shapes is difficult.
This suggests a novel strategy to design well-defined interfaces, to control the structure-sensitivity reaction can hence markedly improve the performance of catalysts.

However, in the study of preparing wooden activated carbon with zinc chloride activation, Zhang Hui-ping[8] put forward that the protective function for carbon structure is lost and the adsorption capacity of activated carbon is cut down, due to the gradual evaporation and oxidation of zinc chloride , when the temperature is higher than 520˚C.
Nevertheless, by the synergy of white-rot fungus enzymolysis, the slack disintegration of activated carbon structure is extended.
It is only when the temperature is higher than 600˚C, the protection function for carbon structure can be lost.
1) In the technology of preparing activated carbon by the method of enzyme combing with ZnCl2, the impact of the role of microbial white rot fungus enzymolysis has on the preparation of activated carbon with high specific surface area is great. 2) The technological parameter of preparation of activated carbon by the method of enzyme combing with ZnCl2: the time of white rot fungus enzymolysis is 36h, the mass concentration of ZnCl2 is 20%, the calcination temperature is 600℃, the calcination time is 2h, its BET specific surface area of preparing activated carbon is1356.53m2/g，pore size and micropore volume are respectively 3.78nm and 0.17mL/g, the volume of methyl orange with adsorption concentration of 43mg/L is 4979.31mg/g. 3) Tobacco being treated by the method of enzyme combing with ZnCl2, the adsorption capacity of prepared activated carbon tends to be stabilized gradually with the activation time going; the activation temperature of the slack disintegration of activated carbon structure
Pure and App lied Chemistry, Vol.57(1985) P.603.

Therefore, the chemistry of benzoxazine synthesis offers considerable molecular design flexibility.
In addition, renewable resources provide a variety of new structures as thermosetting materials [11].
The structure of the corresponding benzoxazine monomer and polymer were characterized.
Results and discussion Characterization of CFB The chemical structure of the obtained CFB was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra.
In general, thermosetting materials containing furans have brittle characters due to its rigid structure.

Study on Manufacture of Short Mullite Fibers by Andalusite Mineral of Mei County China Zhenwu Shi 1, a, Niansuo Xie 2, b 1School of Chemistry and Environmental, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723003, China 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723003, China ashi-zhenwu@sohu.com, bxiesir888@126.com Keywords: Andalusite mineral of Mei County China, Short mullite fiber, Isothermal sintering.
Because the smaller lattice parameters means that crystal crystallinity is better and its structural defect less and its performance more stable, it can be concluded that in the range of experimental sintering temperature, crystallinity of mullite formed under 1450˚C is the best and its structure defect the least and its performance the most stable.
Influence of Temperature on the Microscopic Structure of Mullite.
Because structure defect of microcrystal is more, at high temperatures microcrystal easily dissolve oxides with low melting point.
Conclusion According to the studies, it can well be drawn that in the range of experimental temperature, mol percentage of mullite synthesized by andalusite mineral materials of Mei County China first increases and then decreases with the rise of temperature, and while sintered at 1450˚C and then kept warm for 3 hours and cooled to room temperature naturally, andalusite mineral materials fully transform into mullite and the majority of grains of mullite transformed at 1450˚C present in the form of short fibers, and the crystallinity of short mullite fibers is the best, and their structure defect the least and their performance the most stable and their length-diameter ratio the largest.

Introduction The Lennard-Jones potential energy problem is to construct the most stable form of N atoms of some material with the minimal energy structure.
Its form in mathematics is very simple: Minimize subject to (1) Where ,is the coordinates of atom .This paper is to minimize the L-J potential on ,where n = 3N. however it interests many researchers in the field of biology, physics, chemistry, mathematical optimization, computer science, and materials science.
The structure of our optimal solutions is illustrated, and can be compared with those of others, at the end of this section.
Doye, “Global optimization by Basin-Hopping and thelowest energy structures of Lennard-Jones clusters containing up to 110 atoms”, J.
Northby, “Structure and binding of the Lennard-Jones clusters: 13 _ N _147”, J.