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The typical rigid multilayer PCB contains many manufacture processes, including PCB data acquisition, preparation of PCB laminate (core), inner layer image transfer, laminate layers, drilling and cleaning holes, outer layer image transfer, surface finish, final fabrication, etc.
It is expected to benefit process, failure analysis and quality engineers understanding the failure mechanism and seeking for corrective solutions on improving PCB quality. 2 Typical Failures 2.1 Via-hole Failures When size reduction and high routing density on the PCB becomes importance, HDI technology is commonly adopted in portable electronic devices.
Galvanic attack is caused by the reaction of entrapped plating solution[9], in a crevice with limited silver ions supplied (due to the physical restriction of the crevice opening), etching the copper to provide electrons for the reduction of silver onto the copper surfaces outside of the crevice as shown in Fig. 4.
Corrective actions include optimization of the glass surface finish, reduction of ionic contamination in resin, optimization of the copper surface preparation process, improvement of bond between glass fiber and resin, etc.

In view of the above-mentioned facts severe vibration and noise problems, it is necessary for the un-constructed structure to execute structural dynamic analysis and vibration reduction.
In this paper, the dynamic responses of the structure are analyzed and propose structural optimization and vibration reduction programs to reduce the vibration of the structure, and it is important for extending the life of the structure and improving the working conditions of workers.
Project Overview and Model Reduction A coal gas plant is composed of concrete and steel structure, the main structure take shape of a rectangular.
Fig.2 Maximum response of each floor under rectangular periodic excitations According to aforementioned data, the parameters of the magneto-rheological fluid damper are designed in following: the viscous damping coefficient of the magneto-rheological fluid damper is and the maximum Coulomb damping force is 480KN, the multiplier of adjustable damping force is s=8[8].

It was evident, when comparing the data, that in the harder materials the coated wheel typically ground with an average 5% reduction in grinding forces, whereas in the softer more gummy material, the grinding forces decreases by as much as 10 to 15% (see below). 0 5 10 15 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Volume of material removed cm 3 Percentage reduction in the normal force.
This time Fig. 1 Volume of material removed versus percentage of reduction in the normal force the grinding fluid was a premium semi-synthetic, water-based fluid.

Woodard et al. [5] investigated the implementation of a waste reduction program in southern England, and found that it accounted for a rapid decrease in waste quantities, from 18.1 kg to 8.2 kg per household per week (a reduction rate of 55%).
Data produced by complete sampling tend to be more precise and representative.
Mandatory garbage sorting (MGS), recyclable source sorting (RSS), and household food waste recycling are very important policies for resource reuse and waste volume reduction.

By increasing the anode quantity in the anode basket, significant reduction of use of tin (around 44%) is possible.
This new design was able to prolong the life of the anode and this lead to cost reduction in the long run.
Focke, New Jersey: Wayes Data Corporation, (1990)
[9] Grandeza, N. and Bancud, A., “Chemical Cost Reduction at the Plating Section Through Effective Utilization of the Soluble Anodes”, ASEMEP 2001 Proceedings; June, (2001)

For each data, three cubic specimens were tested.
This reduction of holes, according to Eq. 1, increases compressive strength.
The reason for this reduction of resistance is difficulty of mixing fibers and mortar, and consequently creating a heterogeneous mixture.
Results indicate that adding cellulose fibers with silica nanoparticles somewhat compensate the reduction of the resistance created by the fibers.

Recently, a significant reduction in deep level defects and improvement of carrier lifetime have been observed in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers with shallow ion implantation layers and subsequent annealing above 1600 ºC [1].
The reduction of deep level defects underneath the implanted layer has been attributed to the diffusion of carbon interstitials (Ci) from the shallow implanted layer.
The reduction of deep level defects and improvement of carrier lifetime were attributed to annihilation of carbon vacancy-related defects by in-diffused Ci.
There are some undefined CL lines (spectral data are not shown).

Bandera et al. [13], The World Business Council for Sustainable Development has identified seven major eco-efficiency elements for companies: material reduction, energy reduction, toxicity reduction, material retrieval, increase usage of renewable resources, product durability extension, and increase intensity of product service.
This methodology presents a cartography of the quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative approaches for the visualization of the relevant data for the designer.

Unfortunately, production of aluminous cement is much more energy consuming than traditional structural Portland cement that is why it is very actual to seek possibilities of harmful emission reduction.
Obtained data corresponds with research work of Keppert et. al. [13].
Conclusions The current efforts for the application of waste or secondary raw materials in the manufacture of building materials for both common and specific use is positively reflected by dose of metashale, whose presence in the mixture successfully replaced part of aluminous cement without significant reduction of mechanical properties.
Reduction of investigated parameters reached the rate of 60 % of the original properties (non-loaded composites).

In-situ reduction of Au nanoparticles on particles' surface.
The in-situ reduction was carried out as proposed by Kim et al. [4].
BSA-loaded PNIPAAm-PDLA sphere PLLA-PEG@PNIPAAm-PDLA Self-assembly of Au nanoparticles by in-situ reduction Heating above the LCST Surface treatment with APTMS BSA-loaded 'shell-in-shell' micellar structure Emulsion in 'O/W2' phase Emulsion in 'W1/O' phase Oil phase containing PNIPAAmPDLA O PNIPAAm-PDLA micelles + PLLA-PEG W2 O W1 O W1 O W2 W1 O W2 W1 W2 Fig. 1.
Schematic illustrations of the fabrication of Au@PLLA-PEG@PNIPAAm-PDLA The data from QELS particlesizer shows that PNIPAAm-PDLA spheres with a mean diameter of 104 nm and PLLA-PEG@PNIPAAm-PDLA with a mean diameter of 112 nm have been obtained while maintaining a monomodal size distribution.