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The result indicates that fly ash can be reduces crystallinity of entirety XRD pattern but show a new peaks but still more amorphous than without addition of fly ash and XRD peaks are increasingly sloping down accordance with amorphous structure [2,3,4,11].
Then from the results of the ftir there is a minor shift of the functional group due to the presence of CH3COONa salt, The results of the SEM also shows that the surface structure is more larger area with cracks existence with addition of fly ash indicate more ion store in SPE and higher ionic conductivity.
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(6), 103791
Chemistry Teacher International, 3(2), 105-115.

Introduction Chloride ion ingress will cause reinforcement corrosion for reinforced concrete structure in marine environment or in frozen area where deice salt is applied in winter.
Among them, the convection and migration are always neglected due to velocity of solute is diminutive and migration will only happen in particular case when extra potential is enhanced for example the metro concrete structure.
According to electrical chemistry theory [22], there should be a stable relationship between conductivity of anolyte and concentration of FeCl3 solution if there is no other ion in solution.
Sanctuary: Physical Chemistry(Benjamin/Cummings, California, USA, 1982), p. 280

The amount of BBSZ glass varied from 1wt% to 5 wt% was optimized and its effects on the sintering behavior, structure and magnetoelectric properties of the Co / Ti doped M-type barium ferrite were investigated by HP 4291B vector analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and VSM magnetometer respectively.
The amount of BBSZ glass is optimized varied from 1wt% to 5 wt% and its effects on the sintering behavior, structure and magnetoelectric properties, such as Ms, Hc, complex permeability and so on, of the Co / Ti doped M-type barium ferrite are investigated by HP 4291B vector analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and VSM magnetometer.
Materials Chemistry and Physics. 253–259(2007), p.105

Effect of Rb+-doping on the crystallization, phase transition and photocatalytic activity of nanosized TiO2 catalyst Zhaohui Ni1, a, Xiaoli Kou1, Xinyu Ding1, Cunwang Ge1, Xiaohui Jing1,2, b* 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan road, Nantong, jiangsu, 226019, China 2Key Laboratory of science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin road (North), Songjiang District Shanghai, 201620, China, aNi.zhh@ntu.edu.cn, b*jxh41@hotmail.com (corresponding author) Keywords: Titanium dioxide, Rubidium ion, Photocatalytic activity, Kinetics, Methyl orange.
In order to study the ion effect on titania phase structure, crystallite size, and photocatalytic activity, Rb+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via a modified sol-gel method and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-rays spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
The objective is to study the ion effect on stabilization of titania phase structure, crystallite size, and phtoactivity in the MO decomposition.

The photovoltaic efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells at different annealing tempretures Xiufang Wang1, a, Yahan Wu1, b, Caixia Yang1, c, Mengjun Yuan1, d, Yan Huo1, e, Na Liu1, f, Jun Zhang1, g * and Wei Guo2, h 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Hohhot 010021, China 2College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Hohhot 010021, China a15847122094@163.com, b15024995321@163.com, c15047871399@163.com, d13624714478@163.com, e13624715628@163.com, f18047185483@163.com, gzhangjundoc@sina.com, hndguowei@imu.edu.cn Keywords: Rare earth, Upconversion materials, Annealing tempreture, Dye-sensitized solar cells, Solar energy Abstract.
The morphology, structure, photoluminescence characterization of the NaYF4:Yb3+, Er@TiO2 and the photoelectric performance, alternating current impedance spectroscopy of DSSCs are characterized using transmission electron microscopy, CHI660C electrochemical analyzer, 720 nm long wave pass filter, the infrared laser light, upconversion spectra.
The mixed structure is clearly observed in Fig. 1b that a few small TiO2 granules around the big particles.

The K2NiO4 structure containing alternate perovskite layers and rock-salt layers.
Their structure and morphology were characterized.
Manthiram, Comparison of the crystal chemistry and electrical properties of La2−xAxNiO4 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba), Mater.
[10] Martha Greenblatt, Ruddlesden-Popper Lnn+1NinO3n+1 nickelates: structure and properties, Curr.
Hinks, Structure of the interstitial oxygen defect in La2NiO4+d, Phys.

Development of controlling methods of magnetic parameters in nanostructured materials is the most demanded task for the real sector of the economy, as nanocrystalline nickel structures can be used as a high-density recording media, magnetoresistive read heads, sensors of magnetic fields and angular movements [13].
As seen in SEM images, films of thickness 350 and 480 nm have a visible homogeneous structure.
Summary Thus, the study of electrodeposited nickel films of different thicknesses showed that the dependence of the reduced remanent magnetization on temperature is significantly affected by the surface morphology and crystal structure of the films.
[5] Erb U., Electrodeposited nanocrystals: synthesis, structure, properties and future applications, Canadian Metallurigical Quarterly. 1995.
[6] Moti E., Shariat M.H., Bahrololoom M.E., Elecrodeposition of nanocrytallin enicel by using rotating cylindrical electrodes, Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2008.V.111.

The local structure of the impurity center is discussed.
Introduction MgO crystals usually act as model materials to study structure and impurity behaviours of doped transition-metal ions.
Nevertheless, the previous treatments failed to connect the EPR analysis with the local structure of the impurity center, by applying four adjustable parameters.
Thus, the g factors are correlated to the tetragonal field parameters and hence to the local structure (relative elongation ratio) of the studied impurity center.
Weast: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1989) p.B196 [22] Y.

The crystal lattice structure of palygorskite exhibits similarities to layered silicates in that the central octahedral sheet is sandwiched in between two tetrahedral silica sheets.
Due to its unique structure, palygorskite commonly possesses a large specific surface area, considerable porosity, excellent surface activity and thermal stability and is widely used as catalyst or catalyst carriers [2, 3].
CeO2 and Y2O3 have special crystal structure, unique electronic structure and good thermal stability.
Meanwhile, the absorption peaks of 1650 and 495 cm-1 was almost disappeared, which may be attribute to the structure water of palygorskite was destroyed and clavate structural of palygorskite was collapsed under the higher temperature, thus caused the decreasing of catalytic activity.
Progress in Solid State Chemistry Vol. 33 (2005), p.317

At abroad, adhesive bonding has been used in the manufacture of primary aircraft fuselage and wing structures for over 60years[3].
Repairing aircraft structure using adhesive is reported in 1980s last century in China[4].
Higgins, Adhesive bonding of aircraft structures.
[6] S.J.Chen, Repairing metallic plane structure technical with compistes.
Irving, Fail-safe design of integral metallic aircraft structures reinforced by bonded crack retarders.