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The first challenge is to sufficiently refine the display of affect by mechanical devices to give the impression or appearance of emotional engagement.
Finally, third from left, an attempt to build a mechanical head with a high degree of realism (Hanson Robotics).
For most people emotion is defined by how it "feels", the property of qualia.
The challenge here, then, is to understand the properties of affect in a way that can be usefully modelled to eventually enhance the behaviour of physical robotic devices.
Planning systems for social, cognitive, robots will be required to select and prioritise goals, formulate plans and select actions to perform with human sensibilities as a primary selection factor.

Modelling of the Effects of Entrainment Defects on Mechanical Properties in a Cast Al-Si-Mg Alloy Y.
Entrainment defects such as double oxide films and entrapped bubbles occur frequently in aluminium alloy castings during the mould-filling process, and are very detrimental to both mechanical properties, and reproducibility of casting properties.
In addition, a particle “stickiness” factor with the mould wall was tested in the simulation to try to understand the influence of particle properties on the modelling results.
These results suggest that the predicted particle counts could be used as a quantitative indicator of the mechanical properties of castings containing entrainment defects, although at the present stage it was found that the tensile strength could not be determined from the number of particles predicted, and a better understanding of the relationship between the predicted particles (i.e., quantity of defects) and casting properties is required.
The method is still under development, and several factors limited the accuracy of the model.

Each sub-zone of a spot weld has its own mechanical properties.
Mechanical material properties of SPCC steel (%wt).
Mechanical material properties of SPCC steel.
Hardness is one of mechanical properties of material.
It relates to other mechanical properties, such as yielding and ultimate strength.

Influencing factors Earthquake.
The water content is a soil physical indicator, which reflects the state of the soil, and the changes of water content will affect series of mechanical properties of the soil.
The existence and changes of ground water can directly affect gravitational condition of slope and mechanical characteristic of rock soil, which are main factors affecting slope stability.
A hierarchy allows us to focus judgment separately on each of several properties essential for making a sound decision.
The most effective way to concentrate judgment is to take a pair of elements and compare them on a single property without concern for other properties or other elements.

Previous studies on elastomers include discussions on thermal stability and lifetime affecting factors [3].
Mechanical property.
The polyurethane elastomer based on PPG/MDI/BDO exhibits better mechanical properties than PCL/MDI/BDO.
Mechanical property.
Lifetime-affecting factors of rubber products, J.

Variability in composite materials properties Andy Vanaerschot1,a , Stepan Lomov2,b , David Moens1,c and Dirk Vandepitte1,d∗ 1KU Leuven Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 41 - box 2449 - Belgium 2KU Leuven Dept. of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450 - Belgium aandy.vanaerschot@kuleuven.be, bstepan.lomov@mtm.kuleuven.be, cdavid.moens@kuleuven.be, ddirk.vandepitte@kuleuven.be Keywords: composite materials, anisotropic properties, orthotropic properties, material identification, variability, correlation length Abstract.
Fibre reinforcement geometry together with material properties of fibre and matrix determine homogenised material properties.
The factors which affect variability are also listed, and the effect of variability on material parameters is mentioned as well.
The face sheets have either isotropic in-plane properties (e.g. aluminum foils) or orthotropic properties (e.g. a glass or carbon fibre weave).
Especially with thin foil honeycomb cores, the area of the wetted surfaces between the cell wall or the face sheet and the adhesive in relation to the volume of adhesive is uncertain, affecting the strength of the bond.

The type, geometry, distribution, orientation and volumetric concentration of fibers in the matrix are factors that affect the mechanical behavior of the composites [1].
Experimental Physical and mechanical properties: Characterization of the behavior of the cement mortar was performed through measurements of properties of this product in the hardened state.
It involved the determination of mechanical properties (compression, tension, flexure and toughness).
This section describes the mechanical properties of FRC designed to evaluate effects of fiber and fiber type on mechanical properties of FRC.
The test results showed that HDPE fibers had increased toughness indices and residual strength factors.

The cyclic plasticity is affected by the properties of constituent materials, which vary observably with the service temperature.
Many research results have confirmed that the displacement instability of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer, the most vivid manifestation of which is the downward displacement of TGO into bond coat (BC), is one of the critical factors that control the failure of the systems [1].The accumulation of cyclic plasticity in BC is considered as the most relevant factor that controls the instability [1-3].
The changes of these material properties would affect the instability and the accumulation of plastic strain [1, 6].
Therefore, understanding the mechanism of these temperature-dependent properties affecting the instability and the plastic deformation is significant for controlling the failure of the system.
Temperature-dependent properties (PEEQ) High temp. properties (PEEQ) Low temp. properties (PEEQ) Fig. 2.

Young equation show that any change in the wetting angle factor will affect the wettability of solder alloy.
So, modifying the composition of any phase in soldering system is correspondingly changed surface tension, which will affect the wetting properties of the solder.
Mechanical properties of solder joint.
The Mechanical properties of Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu-Pr solder joints were greatly improved with adding Pr.
Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu-0.05Pr solder joint has the best mechanical properties.

According to experiments by comparing with normal cement concrete and other fiber reinforced concrete, they analyze the mechanical properties and features of sisal fiber reinforced concrete.
This research is mainly on different contents of sisal fiber reinforced concrete’s mechanical properties and failure mechanism.
They find out the relationship of content of sisal fiber and mechanical properties of concrete, analyse the causes of these variations, and compare with other fiber reinforced concrete on mechanical properties, they provide the basis for practical project.
Mechanical properties Mix proportion design Cement: 42.5# ordinary Portland cement, produced by Duxiu Cement Plant in Guilin.
The mechanism analysis The bonding strength analysis The bonding strength of sisal fiber feinforced concrete is mainly affected by these factors, such as density, water cement ratio and maintenance condition, etc.