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This may occur due to the atom that produced by higher R.F power have high bombardment force to transfer to suitable lattice structure and produce better crystallinity[8].
The thin film with more crystalline structure gives high conductivity.
The thin films exhibit (002) diffraction structure that belongs to the hexagonal wurtzite type of ZnO (JCPDS #36-1451).
The best crystalinity structure is closet to wurzite(34.43o) structure [11].
Yang: Material Chemistry and Physics Vol. 72 (2001), p.269

Theories and Solutions The surface structure of coarse wool fiber.
The scale structure of the wool affected the handle of wool, hydrophilic, the adsorption of dye and its reflection of light.
of modified wool fiber Treatment temperature（℃） Scales spalling situation under microscope color luster handle 20 Most scales spalling ,surface smooth white good luster smooth 25 Scales spalling uneven white good luster smooth 30 All scales spalling light yellow good luster smooth 40 Fiber swelling，loose structure deep yellow —— —— Table 4 Relationship between concentrations of H2SO4 and the properties of modified wool fiber Concentration of H2SO4 （ml/L） Scales spalling situation under microscope color luster handle 2 unchanged deep yellow unchanged unchanged 5 Most scales thinner, individual spalling light yellow good luster smooth 10 Most scales spalling, surface smooth white good luster smooth 20 All scales spalling white good luster smooth 40 All scales spalling white good luster smooth The electron micrograph of the coarse wool fiber and cool wool fiber.
The cool wool fiber surface is smooth, the diameter of the fiber becomes finer, but the body cortex structure is minimal damaged.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 47(1996), p.623

Cross-linked Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Delivery Systems Based on Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Arita Dubnikaa*, Dagnija Locab and Liga Berzina-Cimdinac Riga Technical University, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre, Riga, Latvia a*arita.dubnika@rtu.lv, bdagnija.loca@rtu.lv, cliga.berzina-cimdina@rtu.lv Keywords: Silver hydroxyapatite, scaffolds, dexamethasone, drug delivery.
The structure of HAp can be easily modified by replacing calcium, phosphate or hydroxyl ions with other ions.
The antibacterial effect of silver ions has been known for centuries; therefore introduction of silver ions into hydroxyapatite structure would grant antibacterial properties to implant material [2].
FT-IR analysis of immobilized HAp and HAp/Ag scaffolds Morphology of obtained dense scaffolds indicated that, depending on the scaffold composition, DEXA crystalline structure and bonding to chitosan can be variable.
On the surface of modified HAp scaffolds DEXA crystals formed a netlike structure in several layers, on the other hand on the surface of HAp/Ag-A method scaffolds DEXA crystals formed a netlike structure, but no several layers were observed.

However, the plasma sprayed coatings possess lamellar structures with a high density of defects like porosity and cracks which reduce the hardness, wear and corrosion properties affecting the coatings performances [1,3].
It can be noticed that the coating exhibits an irregular structure of lamellar splats and a certain degree of porosity and voids [6].
SEM micrograph of the APS-sprayed coatings After the electron beam remelting treatment the structure of the material was refined and compacted.
Tistarite is a Ti-rich phase (where Ti is totally in the 3+ oxidation state with occupied 3d orbitals, exhibiting a corundum structure) which was formed because of the EB remelting process.
Yang, Sliding wear and electrochemical corrosion behaviour of plasma sprayed nanocomposite Al2O3-13%TiO2 coatings, Materials Chemistry and Physics 118 (2009), 37-45; [2] E.P.

Colloidal processing is a common and practical pathway for ceramics fabrication, and it can significantly improve the micro-structure and uniformity of the ceramic green body [4–7], which includes injection moulding, gel casting, tape casting, direct coagulation casting and so on [4–8].
On the other hand, the viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases was observed viz. the shear-thinning behavior, which can be explained as a perturbation of the suspension structure by applied shear.
At low shear rates, the suspension structure is close to equilibrium, since thermal motion dominates over the viscous forces.
At higher shear rates, the viscous forces affect the suspension structure more, causing the suspension structure to become distorted, hence leading to appear shear thinning [13].
Among them, a model proposed by Liu was identified as a best-fit procedure to predict the suspension Øm over a wide range of solid loading, particle size and solvent chemistry [12, 13].

Introduction The fabrication of systems having characteristic dimensions smaller than 100nm requires the ability to obtain, control, manipulate, and modify structures at the nanometer length scale, a step beyond microtechnology.
Many polymer systems have been successfully employed as templates for nanofabrication [5], and among them, self-assembled block copolymer systems may play a crucial role, mainly because of the variety of tunable matrixes at nanoscale level that they offer, ranging from micelles to 3D structures.
Since the remarkable number of related works published in journals of many different fields, e.g., chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering, and the possibility of scale-up for industrial applications, a special emphasis will first be placed on the sophisticated procedures to arrive at continuous arrays of metallic or semiconducting objects from block copolymer thin films.
Fig.2 shows a series of AFM images of morphology of self-assembled block copolymer (SEBS) templates with well-ordered nanostructures obtained by pinning of microphase-separated structure evolution induced by post-solvent annealing at different stages.
It was found that the coexistence of a large number of PS cylinders, some with branches and a small number of PS spheres in the PEB matrix in the beginning transits to hexagonally ordered cylinders, lamella and a sphere structure packed in highly order state and so on.

Effect of Nb2O5 addition to the electrical properties of Fe2TiO5 ceramics-based NTC thermistor Wiendartun1,3,a, Risdiana2 , Fitrilawati2 and R.E.Siregar2 1Doctorate Program Department of Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Jl.
The crystal structure of the sintered pellets was analyzed with x-ray diffraction (XRD) using Ka radiation at 40KV and 30mA.
After being compared to the XRD standard of Fe2TiO5 from JCPDS No.01-070-2728, the spectra show that the structure of the pellet ceramics is pseudobrookite.
The absent of the additional peaks in the XRD patterns of Nb2O5 indicates that the main grain boundary material is the same structure as the matrix.
Metz, Electrical properties of NTC thermistors made of manganite ceramics of general spinel structure;Mn3-x-x’MxNx’O4(0≤x+x’≤1;M and N being Ni,Co or Cu).

In addition, controllable synthesis of functional nanomaterials with specific structures and novel properties is now drawing much attention of researchers not just for its role in deeply understanding the morphology evolution mechanism but also for its promising applications in certain important areas [9-11].
The morphology, crystallite structure, and magnetic property were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, HITACHI S-4800), X-ray diffraction (XRD, Shimadzu XRD-6000), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, Lake Shore 7307), respectively.
When 3 g PVP is added, the sizes of Ni particles increase apparently with some wave-like structure covering on the surface as shown by Figure 1(b).
Once the PVP is increased to 3.5 g, the particles with wave-like structure tend to fuse together just as seen by Figure 1(c).
Figures 1(d, e, f) exhibit different magnification times of obtained Ni with 4 g PVP, from which we can see no obviously separate particles exist any more and only wave-like structure can be found.

Fabrication of Nanoscale SiC-based Ceramic Patterns with Near-zero Residual Layers by Using Imprinting Technique and Reactive Ion Etching Kyoung-Hoon Park, Jun-Hong Park, Dong-Pyo Kim* Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Chungnam National University Daejon, Korea 305-764 dpkim@cnu.ac.kr Keywords: Non-oxide ceramics, Soft lithography, Reactive Ion Etching Abstract.
Results and Discussion Generally, it is demonstrated that dense and defect free SiCN pattern was produced with high reliability and reproducibility by capillary lithographic technique, convincing that the well-developed structures of 1µm width and 230nm thickness were an exact replica of CD relief structure as shown in Fig. 2 .
The polyvinylsilazane precursor with low viscosity (~50 Cp) had an advantage to be readily infiltrated into the fine relief structure of PDMS mold, which is also profitable to produce dense structures.
But, it was believed that the pressure applied to the soft mold deformed the relief structure.

[2,3] The intra-type nano-structure is particularly difficult to fabricate using a pressure-less sintering technique.
In this work, we propose a soaking method for constructing intra-type nano-structures.
Then, we obtained an intra-type nano-structure of alumina/nickel composites.
Commercially available γ-alumina powder (AKP-G015, Sumitomo Chemical, Japan, with purity: 99.99% and average agglomerate size: 260 nm) was used as a matrix and nickel nitrate acid (Osaka Chemistry, Japan, with purity : 99.9%) as dispersed particles within the matrix with pure nickel metal form.
Summary Nano-sized nickel dispersed alumina nanocomposites were fabricated using a novel soaking technique to construct an intra-type nano-structure.