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The model allows us to study the raking process in detail and how the properties of the powder particles (e.g. size, shape, density, interaction properties) and process parameters (e.g. height of powder layer, rake geometry, rake speed) affect the properties of the bed after raking.
Microstructure Model The mechanical properties of an alloy, such as strength, ductility and fracture toughness, are directly affected by its microstructure.
Therefore an ability to predict and control the microstructure during an AM process is important to achieve the desired mechanical properties in the final product.
These complicating factors mean that it is not conceivable that the sub-models can be combined on a large computational platform and run together.
Cleary, The Packing Properties of Superellipsoids, Europhysics Letters, 89 (2010) 34002

Introduction Nickel based alloy commonly known as difficult-to-machine material due to its excellent material properties such as high hardness, ability to withstand at high temperature, high corrosion resistance etc.
Chen and Lo obtained the experimental result of the factors that influence the tool wear in the hot machining of alloy steel.
The chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
The relationship between the factors and performance index measures was modelled by multiple regressions Eq. 7.
Lo, Factors affecting tool life in hot machining of alloy steels, International Journal of Machine Tool Design, vol. 14, (1974)161-173,

Piezoelectric materials (such as PZT) and structures have received a deserving attention in the recent years, in virtue of their self-monitoring and self-controlling properties.
Nishioka et al. employed a dynamic J integral for dynamic interfacial cracks in piezoelectric bimaterials and obtained the relationships between the dynamic J integral and the stress and electric displacement intensity factors by near-tip analytical solutions [17,18].
Kwon et al. obtained the dynamic field intensity factors and energy release rates for a hybrid laminate containing an interfacial crack between piezoelectric and orthotropic layers under electro-mechanical impact loading [19].
Fig. 2 Illustration of the implementation of nonlinear springs in the bridge model The bridging law of Fig. 2 is applied to describe the properties of the nonlinear springs.
As a thickness definition is unavailable for the plane strain configuration of the 4-node plane element, unit thickness is used and the moment loads are scaled by division with the width of the specimen, w is 30mm.The material properties E = 37GPa and ν = 0.3.

Abstract Aluminum, steel, and cast iron pistons all function in the automotive market, each possessing specific properties.
The fatigue properties of the material after phosphating are most significantly influenced by factors such as temperature, duration, and the amount of accelerator used [4, 19].
The thickness of the phosphated layer is a critical parameter influencing its tribological properties.
The thickness of the phosphated layer is a critical parameter influencing its tribological properties.
Analysis of the physical-mechanical properties of the zinc phosphate layer deposited on a nodular cast iron substrate.

The properties of ECC are optimized on the basis of micromechanics design methodology.
It improves the durability and mechanical properties.
Adverse affecting properties of low quality ingredients present in ECC can be overcome with the design based on micromechanical studies [Li et al. 2004].Various properties of ECC are improved due to the design based on micromechanics.
The objective of this study is to determine the mechanical properties of Engineered Cementitious Concrete with hybrid steel and polypropylene; only with polypropylene fibres addition in various dosages.
The properties of fibers are presented in Table 1.

At home Xu Tian, Yong Li and Jun Xiao trial-produced the X-cor sandwich and researched its molding process and basic mechanical properties[6, 7].
Jijun Hao, Zuoguang Zhang and Lei Zhang researched the effects of Z-pins inserting parameters on the compressive properties[13, 14].
Because the mechanical properties of resin regions are weak so the resin regions will fail firstly.
After the interface elements fail, the mechanical properties of sandwich decrease.
Fig.3 Propagation of the Z-pin tip failure elements (a) εz=0.0110 Fig.4 Propagation of the resin region failure elements (a) εz=0.0120 (b) εz=0.0111 (b) εz=0.0121 As the resin region elements fail the constraints of Z-pin tips weaken and the mechanical properties of X-cor sandwich are affected greatly.

Introduction Sapphire can be widely used in industry, science and jewelry industry, especially as the most ideal substrate material for LED (Light Emitting Diode), LSI (Large-scale integrated circuit), SOS (Silicon on Sapphire) and superconducting nanostructure films, because of its unique physical, chemical, optical, electronic and mechanical properties.
Tab. 1 Physical properties of sapphire melt and B2O3 B2O3 Al2O3 B2O3/ Al2O3 ρ (kg/m3) 1648 3030 0.544 ν (10-6m2/s) 2366.5 18.8 125.88 λ (J/msK) 2.0 2.05 0.976 cp (J/kg K) 13.48 1260 0.011 α (10-3K-1) 0.09 0.005 18 γ (N/mK) -0.407×10-3 μ (kg/ms) 3.9 0.057 68.42 Pr 26.29 35.03 Numerical simulation.
Because the temperature coefficient of interfacial tension between B2O3 / sapphire melt and 5cst silicone oil / HT-70 is almost the same, the main factors affecting thermocapillary flow are viscosity and thermal diffusion coefficient of lower liquid layer.
In the two-layer fluid system, the factors that determine the flow stability are not only the dimensionless parameters such as Pr and Marangoni number of single-layer fluid, but also affected by the thickness ratio of two-layer flow [26], viscosity ratio and thermal diffusivity [27].
Kurlov, Sapphire: properties, growth, and applications, Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, (2016), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803561-8.03681-x

The addition of titanium and niobium can also affect properties of both metal and oxide scale formed at high temperatures.
The addition of the reactive elements could change the growth mechanism of the oxide, thus affecting behaviour and properties of the oxide-steel system e.g. the selective oxidation, the oxidation rate and the scale adhesion.
Thus, the factors which may control the activities of aluminium and reactive elements are expected to affect the optimised concentration of reactive elements.
A2 phase formation decreases high-temperature mechanical properties.
Klöwer, Factors affecting the oxidation behaviour of thin Fe-Cr-Al foils.

In the paper, what we discussed is the rigid steel column base connection with anchor bolt under biaxial bending, based on Abu Dhabi International Airport project, researching the base plate, anchor bolt and stiffening plate and the influencing factors of the interaction between them, to provide a frame of reference for the rigid steel column base connection’ designed .
Exposed-type column bases are widely used in low-rise building construction all over the world and considerable research efforts have been made to identify the parameters that affect their strength and serviceability.
Fig.4 Bilinear isotropic hardening model Fig.5 Finite model of rigid column base The result of the finite element analysis Mechanical Analysis of the stiffeners.
Fig.6 The stress nephogram of the stiffeners Mechanical Analysis of the stiffeners.
The compression stress of the base plate are not equally distributed, in order to improve the mechanical properties of column base that we need to control the thickness of base plate and the arrangement of the stiffening plates.

The other physical properties can be obtained by assisted some mathematical equation.
It was shown both of these properties have same decline trend.
The reduction of Vt may due to packing factor of Na2O is 11.2 cm3/mole is smaller than B2O3 which have packing factor 20.8 cm3/mole.
Murthy, Elastic properties of boro-tellurite glasses doped with europium oxide, J.
Elsayed, Structural and mechanical features of some lanthanum tellurite glasses, Can.