Search results

At the same time, the number of cars in the nation has increased with the development of industry and the elevation of the standard of living, which lead to the increase of the number of waste tires discarded [4,5].
The thread part of the tires was broken into pieces of 2 to 4cm in size, then pulverized it into grains of 0.3cm3 in size.
Experimental Results and Discussion 3.1 TG/DTA Analysis The result of analyzing the mass and calory change of 118mg of coke pulverized into grains of about 0.3 cm3 in size, at a heating speed of 10°C/min under the nitric atmosphere of 20ml/min using TG/DTA, TG(Thermogravimetry) curves shows the weight began to reduce in the range of 300°C Proximate Analysis Elementary Analysis Moisture Fixed Carbon Volatile Matter Ash 0.74 33.22 65.2 1.57 C H O S N Ash 85.9 8.0 2.3 1.0 0.4 2.4 ` to 400°C, and its speed of the weight reduction decreased more remarkably passing the point of 500 °C than in the range of 300°C to 500°C.
And, the result of analyzing the mass and calory change of 56mg of waste tire sample pulverized into grain up to 1200°C using TG/DTA, TG curves shows the slow progress of the weight decrease in the range of 0°C to 1200°C.

This leads to the following regression model: 'c2sinb2cos'a n2 ni T i i true i +ψ+ψ= + ∆α+ε (9) where index i varies from -n to +n and N = 2 n + 1 is the total number of ψ tilts.
The number of tilt angles was 7.
This value remains small compared with other usual uncertainty sources such as grain size effects, peak truncation, texture effects, but it is not completely negligible.
For material with a crystal structure different from cubic, internal stresses of thermal origin may appear due to the anisotropy in the thermal expansion coefficients of the grains.
By cooling a zirconium part from 923 K to 273 K, a stress up to 140 MPa develops in some grains, which is about 0.2 MPa / K.

Therefore, it could be concluded that when decreasing the coiling temperature after hot rolling, a microstructure consisting of ferrite and finely distributed cementite particles along the grain boundaries and even within the grains is obtained, as it is clearly observed at Fig. 2(b), 2(d) and 2(e).
By contrast, the number of particles in a microstructure formed by fine particles is higher, and therefore, the distance between them is smaller.
Using the Electron Channeling Contrast technique (ECC) [3] it has been observed that cementite particles are preferential nucleation sites of strain-free grains. 20µm Fig.3.
However, the recrystallisation behaviour observed in steels C and D can not be explained in relation to the number and morphology of cementite particles.

JEM-2010 transmission electron microscope (TEM) produced by Japanese JEOL Ltd. was used to observe the morphologies and grain size of particles, simultaneity selected area electron diffraction(SAED) was used to analyze the crystalline state of particles.
Results and Discussion Analysis for product crystal phase（XRD）and grain morphologies and size（TEM） Fig.1 XRD patterns of the products for NO.1~3 The powders of No. 1～3 were analyzed by XRD and TEM shown in figure 1 and figure 2, respectively.
According to the number of bonding, the order of capacity of coordinating was O> N> S.
Here, strong oxidizer additive attacked the surface of Ce2O(CO3)2·H2O crystal grains to generate chemical absorption with many ways for cerium-nitrogen bonds, cerium-oxygen bonds, or oxidizable nitrogen bonds.
The possible structure and coordination number from the radius of cerium ion, stability of compounds determined by the outer electron configuration, system internal energy, influence of additives on the cerium ion valence were studied and the reasons of cerium ion valence were concluded.

Table 1 Experimental variables and levels for Box-Behnken design Levels Factors X1(mol/L) X2(hr) X3 -1 2 1 1:3 0 2.5 2 1:4 1 3 3 1:5 Table 2 Design and results of Box-Behnken Test numbers X1 X2 X3 Protein retention rate(%) 1 -1 -1 0 1.362 2 -1 1 0 1.271 3 1 -1 0 1.286 4 1 1 0 1.295 5 0 -1 -1 1.285 6 0 -1 1 1.263 7 0 1 -1 1.231 8 0 1 1 1.198 9 -1 0 -1 1.335 10 1 0 -1 1.231 11 -1 0 1 1.265 12 0 0 1 1.275 13 0 0 0 1.115 14 0 0 0 1.121 15 0 0 0 1.112 X1=(x1-2.5)/0.5, X2=(x2-2.0)/1, X3=(x3-4)/1 Table3 Reliability analysis of the model Item Master Model Mean 1.243 R-square 99.35% Adj.
Then solid-liquid ratio increasing may causes a large number of pore volume increased and activated carbon adsorption decreased.
[7] Yuhua Zhang, Jie Han, Qingjin Guo, Tong Chen, Comprehensive Technology and Processing Study on the Distiller’s Grains for Feed, J.
[9] Hong Jiang, Shuailu Pan, Liang Zhang, Suyi Zhang, Cheng Hu, Study on Manufacturing Activated Carbon from Discarded Distiller.s Grains, J.  
[10] Zhengyi Li, Preparation of harmless to environment adsorbent of rice husk from distiller's grains, J.

The long coherence length can avoid the problem of grain boundary’s weak connection which is common in the high temperature superconductors [4].
And the subscript N represents the number of the structure.
We have found that MgB2 grain is formed and that grain connectivity is restored during the holding time and the falling time.
Sample number Annealing duration(s) t1+t2+t3 Transition temperature(K) Tconset Transition width(K) ∆Tc A 0.1+0.2+1 35.2 1.2 B 0.1+0.2+0.5 34.9 0.9 C 0.1+0.2+0.1 34.0 1.1 D 0.1+0.1+1 34.6 1.8 E 0.1+0.1+0.5 35.3 1.0 Fig. 2 shows the R-T curves of the MgB2 films.

The diamond grains size is about 0.1 – 0.15 µm.
COF versus number of cycles recorded on the NCD coating at room and elevated temperatures Fig. 3. 
Line scans taken on wear scars (a), SEM images of wear scars after the tests at room temperature (b) and 300 °C (c), and Raman spectra of the wear scars after the tests at room temperature, 300 and 450 °C (d) By definition, the roughness Ra and diamond grains size of the MCD coatings is 0.4 – 1 and 0.5 – 10 µm respectively, and the values of the same parameters for NCD coatings are typically 0.05 – 0.1 and 0.05 – 0.1 µm [7].
The peak at 1150 cm-1 corresponds to t-Pa (trans-polyacetylene at the grain boundaries) and one at 1350 cm-1 to diamond.
Fig. 2 shows COF versus number of cycles curves recorded during wear tests at room temperature, 300, 450 and 600 °C.

Minor phases were studied in the basic parts of weldments: the base material (BM), coarse grained part of the heat affected zone (CGHAZ) and the weld metal (WM).
The average hardness of the weld metal in the Specimen A was 320 HV10, maximum hardness in the coarse grained part of the HAZ reached 382 HV10.
In the both fine grained and intercritical parts of the HAZ precipitates dissolved only partly.
A number density of precipitates in the both CGHAZ and weld metal was lower than that in the base material.
A number density of precipitates and their size increased, recovery of bainite was more pronounced.

Because of the complex cutting mechanisms, the modelling and simulation of grinding processes is a challenging task but a number of approaches have been developed until now [3].
The choice of a soft workpiece material and the hard grain material was intended to create clear and distinctive grooves within the workpiece surface.
It was furthermore assumed that the wear rate of the hard grains could be neglected.
These features, which represent single grains and the bonding, could be modelled using the CSG technique.
Further investigations must take care of the simulation of multiple honing passes with different grain sizes.

The effective stress principle is introduced in order to decompose the total stress tensor as σ = σ'' − αm(Snpn + Swpw) (3) where σ'' is the effective stress representing the stress responsible for all deformation of the solid, both grain and skeleton, pn and pw are the pore fluid pressures (positive in compression) of the wetting and non-wetting components, and m is the unit vector.
Biot's constant, α is introduced here relating the bulk moduli (resistances to uniform compression) of the grain material, Ks, and the skeleton, KT, defined as 1−α = KT/Ks.
In soils, volumetric strain caused by the compression of the actual particle grains is relatively insignificant [3], and therefore only the rearrangement of these grains is considered.
However, this is not the case in rock mechanics where the compressibility of the solid grain material and the skeleton are comparable.
If an incompressible grain material is considered 1/Ks = 0 and α = 1, meaning that only rearrangement of the voids takes place given that the skeleton is still compressible.