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Hence researchers are exploring the possibility of cost reduction in variable speed drives.
The cost reduction of variable-speed drives is accomplished by the two approaches.
The address bus, the data bus and the control bus connecting the components are placed in the PIC circuit by the manufacturer.
Table V shows the 32 % of cost reduction in the proposed method compared with the conventional method.
Q) Cost in Rs Components Conventional Proposed method Conventional Proposed method method Ratings method R Q Low Medium High Q Low Medium High speed speed speed Cost in Rs speed speed speed IGBT 40 V, 6 40 V, 4 40 V, 4 40 V, 4 4+2 350 100 200 250 4A A A A Inductor 500mH 1 280 DH 400DH 560 DH 1 400 200 350 500 Capacitors 100 mF 1 0.5 mF 0.5 mF 0.5 mF 2 50 40 40 40 Transformer 1:1.8 3 1:1.8 1:1.8 1:1.8 2 700 500 500 500 Opto Isolator 5V 3 5V 5V 5V 3 100 100 100 100 PCB, PIC16F 1 PIC16F PIC16F PIC16F 1 5500 2500 3000 3500 Microcontroller 874 1 877A 877A 877A 1 4500 2000 2500 3000 IC, Motor NCV MC MC MC controller IC 33035 33035 33035 33035 Total Cost 11,600 5,440 6,690 7,890 Cost Reduction

The main research direction is around the following scientific target: by research on seismic resistance of pile foundation of bridge in liquefiable site, predict seismic response of pile foundation of bridge in liquefiable site, deepen the comprehension of bridges destroyed in earthquake, promotes the development of bridge seismic, geotechnical earthquake engineering and disaster prevention and reduction engineering, improve dependability and security of the design for bridge structural, explore the new and more scientific seismic design method for bridge, reduce as much as possible the loss in lives and property arisen from the earthquake.
And the relationship demonstrate the characteristics of nonlinearity, hysteresis, accumulation of volume deformation and volume reduction after unloaded of saturated sand, etc.
The deterioration effect means bearing capacity and stiffness of pile foundation reduction under cyclic loading.
Respectively, the following brief analysis [11]: (1) Deterioration effect For friction piles, deterioration of vertical bearing capacity of pile under earthquake is friction reduction of pile foundation led by undrained shear strength decrease of soil round piles.
The keys of the project research are, based on detailed analysis to the past earthquakes across the world, mastering damage mechanism and rule, obtaining reliable data by making full use of modern advanced numerical simulation technique and test means, improving the anti-seismic level of pile foundation-bridge in liquefiable site.

Based on the XRD data, we can calculate the crystallite size of each sample using the Debye-Scherer method, which is compiled in Table 2.
With a reduction in crystallite size, numerous other oxide systems have also demonstrated comparable lattice distortion and expansion [8,9], which were attributed to surface and small size effects.
This could occur maybe because the oxygen reduction value is not in the ideal range.
Lattice distortion and expansion were seen with a reduction in crystallite size, and these phenomena were attributed to surface and small-scale effects.
Effect of crystal size reduction on lattice symmetry and cooperative properties.

Table 1 Energy consumption situation of Shandong province in 2005-2010 Year Crude oil （Tons） Coal（100 million tons） Natural gas（Million Cubic Meters ） 2005 3176.26 2.6101 17.138 2006 3673.15 2.9799 22.6 2007 3886.59 3.27 22.36 2008 4388.84 3.4401 34.5 2009 4609.07 3.48 40.241 2010 5053.51 3.7099 48.601 Data sources: CHINA ENERGY STATISTICAL YEARBOOK The research situation of low carbon in coal industry at home and abroad Faced with the current situation of global warming, domestic and foreign experts did some studies in low-carbon development of the coal industry based on the background of the development of low-carbon economy.
By introducing professional energy saving service company for the enterprises to carry out energy saving renovation project by credit, using the future money to realize the goal of enterprise for energy conservation and emission reduction, reduced the financing pressure of enterprise implement energy saving project, improved the enterprise energy utilization efficiency.
(3) Circular economy pattern.Energy-saving emission reduction task of coal industry in Shandong is arduous, which attaches great importance to the comprehensive utilization of resources.
On the basis of the main coal business, through the "transfer mode, structure", it will develop the emerging of modern service industry and promote energy conservation, emissions reduction and developing circular economy.
Setting up the concept and grasping the opportunities to play tough battle for energy conservation and emissions reduction, turning the way and adjustable structure, to promote the new development of the circular economy[R].

The graphical comparison plotted in Fig. 3 is zoomed and focused into the finite range of 0.95 data display.
The current trend in the industry prioritized miniaturization, weight and cost reduction.
The current trend in the industry prioritized miniaturization, weight and cost reduction.
These new solder materials offer better properties over the conventional tin-lead solder, such as more reliable solder joints, lower cost, distortion reduction and greater capability in sustaining heat stress, shock and vibrations [15].
Temperature fluction reduction using low melting solder material Solid-liquid inter-diffusion bonding method is commonly being used to join multi-layered assembly that consists of high-melting and low-melting material properties.

From the figture, we can see that the refractive index has a certain extent reduction after the pretreatment, but not obviously.
From the Fig.6, we can see that surface defects compared to the films without the pretreatment have certain reduction.
Fig. 5(a) is shown that refractive index of the films has a certain extent reduction after the pretreatment, we think that laser pretreatment leads to the release of portion of the inner water of the films, which explains this phenomenon.
But from the data measured by Taylor Hobson interferometer, it can be concluded that it’s limited to eliminate the surface defects and improve surface morphology.
Transmittance of thin films has improvement and refractive index of thin films has reduction at a certain extent after laser-conditioning.

The level of this reduction is associated with thermal annealing employed as is evident in figure 1.
Furthermore upon annealing at 175 °C, the blend with highest concentration of PCBM (50% weight ratio 1:1) shows greater reduction in intensity (other annealing temperatures are not shown here).
Extracting data presented in table 1 and using equation 3 and 4 leads us to the bimolecular recombination rates.
The Maximum open circuit voltage is measured at 175 °C this is attributed to the disruption of shunt passes and increasing space charge and lowering charge extraction as is evident in the reduction in electron density for both PCBM loadings in Table 1.
Furthermore we established that the optical absorption intensity for PCBM part of the spectrum reduces with annealing temperatures and the absorption intensity reduction is highest for devices with largest PCBM percentage weight ratio.

Secondly, the TiO2/Ag was hydrothermally dispersed on the carbon substrate along with the simultaneous reduction of GO to RGO.
On the other hand, the TiO2-Ag nanopowder was characterized by the lowest agglomeration tendency which is also in good agreement with literature data [11, 12].
To do so, the corresponding electron diffractions (SADP) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data were collected and analyzed.
Nevertheless, data from the EDS analysis confirmed the presence of all Me nanoparticles embedded in the TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on the surface of RGO (Fig. 8).
Jiao, Microbial reduction of graphene oxide by Shewanella, Nano Res. 4 (2011) 563-570

Transportation system Module of waste source account Fill up the questionaire online by enterprises Identification of report data by computer system Comparative analysis between audit results and report data Materials balance; Emission factor database Field inspection Assessment of the data Checking of the report data Suspicious data Emission file creation; Completion of survey of waste sources Entering database Automatic updating of statistic judgement A task Figure 2.
Thus these report data can be classed into three including quite right data, mostly right data and questionable data.
The ways and means ensure that waste data are reliable.
The data of the waste supplies provided by waste source account module will be published by data service and publishing system.
But the data service and publishing system appears the clear lag because of a demand of check time, the time delay will depend on the accuracy of the data reported online by enterprises.

The experimental system consists of a CT scanner, seepage speculative loading apparatus and data-acquisition system.
Substitute the experimentally measured data and known data into the formula (1), thus calculate permeabilities of coal under different axial compressions and inlet and outlet pressures, the permeability trend of coal is shown in Fig.5.
Fig.6 Part of the original CT scan images After getting the original CT scan images, using Matlab software, achieved the coal body three-dimensional pore data reconstruction, the process is: (1) collate CT reconstruction scan data;(2) Calculate data set on a display surface, accumulate projection and structure of 3 d body, rebuild fragments;(3) The light and color processing of the three dimensional constitutive data, and some other processing;(4) run the program, then achieve the reconstructed image of a three-dimensional coal;(5) Using image inversion technology, extract coal fracture porosity structure and display.
Conclusions (1) Established coal containing gas seepage experiment loading system, the experiment system consists by CT scanner, seepage experiment loading instrument and data-acquisition systems.
(3) Using CT reconstruction scanning image, we achieved the coal 3D crack data reconstruction, which can be more intuitive research into the coal pore changes of the process of coal containing gas seepage.