Search results

The XRD data was collected using Phillips analytical instrument (PANalytical X’Pert PRO, USA).
The increase of the surface area from natural to activated samples could be explained by the increase generation of silica as shown in the chemical data in Table 2, which related to the elimination of the exchangeable cations, delamination and the generation of micro-porosity during the processes as described in literatures [9][12].
From Table 2, it is clearly observed the reduction of Al2O3 contents at different concentrations of H2SO4.
The reduction of the peak may be related to the increase of crystallite size and/or the decrease of the mean lattice strain as previously discussed [11][15].
This result suggests the partial reduction of Al3+ and Fe2+ from the clay structure, in accordance with the changes in chemical composition as previously discussed in Table 2 and in agreement with the literature [16].

Roll forming is carried out in progressive stages by feeding a flat strip of metal through successive pairs of stands to obtain the desired profile without intended sheet thickness reduction (Fig. 1) [2, 3].
Deviation (BM / No.4) Deviation (No.2 / No.6) BM No.4 No.2 No.6 Spring back angle [°] 1 2 3 4 5 6 21% 3,8° R=5,0 mm 3,0° R=3,0 mm 13% 2,3° R=5,0 mm 2,0° R=3,0 mm Constant parameter • Sheet thickness: t=1,5 mm • Steel Grade: Rawael80 Constant parameter • Sheet thickness : t=1,5 mm • Steel Grade: H360LA H360LA Rawael80 Deviation [%] 5 10 15 20 25 Deviation (BM / No.4) Deviation (No.2 / No.6) BM No.4 No.2 No.6 Spring back angle [°] 1 2 3 4 5 6 21% 3,8° R=5,0 mm 3,0° R=3,0 mm 13% 2,3° R=5,0 mm 2,0° R=3,0 mm Constant parameter • Sheet thickness: t=1,5 mm • Steel Grade: Rawael80 Constant parameter • Sheet thickness : t=1,5 mm • Steel Grade: H360LA H360LA Rawael80 Deviation [%] 5 10 15 20 25 Fig. 6: Comparison of spring back behavior by changing the bending radius Accurate finite element simulations of the roll forming process, in particular of spring back, means high economical advantages, as it enables time and cost reduction
Summary The trend in the automotive industry leans towards safety, fuel saving and reduction of emissions.
Reference geometry U-Profile Forming stand Flat metal stripe Real-time data measurement Set point Target-actual comparison Calculation of correction values Calibration of crosssection with an "Intelligent forming stand" Measuring section Forming direction Reference geometry U-Profile Forming stand Flat metal stripe Real-time data measurement Set point Target-actual comparison Calculation of correction values Calibration of crosssection with an "Intelligent forming stand" Measuring section Forming direction Fig. 7: Vision of process-sure roll forming The principal modules needed for the experimental setup are forming stands, measuring sections and a calibration stand.

Information-sharing practices are now common in Point-Of-Service (POS) or Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) retailer systems.
The convex curve demonstrates that a trade-off exists between bullwhip effect reduction and profit erosion due to demand suppression.
For a small PP , the additional profit is insufficient, and for large PP, the reduction in demand due to PED is so large .
Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol.121, No. 3, 2001, pp. 114-119
Towill, Vendor-managed inventory and bullwhip reduction in a two-level supply chain.

Regression analysis was performed on the collected data to establish a regression formula that will predict the final water temperature after night cooling process.
The collected data was subjected to corelation and multiple linear regression analysis using MS Excel spreadsheet.
With 45 data points and 95% confidence interval, the range of prediction is given by the standard error multiple by critical t value which gives the value ± 0.3°C.
Comparison of the experimental tank final temperature with modelling data (the regression model with 95% confidence interval with absolute precision of ±0.3°C).
The technical data for the radiant system is shown in Table 3.

The authors carried out the experiment to obtain data on the period of warranty of mechanical properties of rolled products manufactured at OJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works at storage and processing at the customer's site.
Thermal aging hot-dip galvanized rolled products of DX52D, A341-A5 and HX180BD steels resulted in strength increase by about 10 MPa and reduction of elastic properties (tensile elongation A80) by about 2.5 %. 3.
Thermal aging of hot-dip galvanized rolled products leaded to enhancement of the strength profile: Rp0.2 by about 40 MPa, Rm – by 20 MPa; and reduction of elastic properties (tensile elongation A80) by about 7 %.
Conclusions The conducted research provides with experimental data on the warranty period for mechanical properties of cold-rolled and hot-dip galvanized automotive sheet products at storage and processing at the customer's site.

From the investigation, the outcomes from the standard k-ε turbulence model were discovered to be in agreement with the experimental data.
They found that integrating the twisted pipe into the standard one resulted in a reduction in erosion peak when comparing the experimental results with standard pipe results. [14] This reduction is a result of the modified design, which twists the pipe wall in the direction of the flow stream to create a swirling flow before the elbow.
Computational Validation The experimental data from the Zeng et al. [20]was used for computational validation.

Figure 1 Creep rupture data of ASME Gr.122 type Figure 2 Reduction of area plotted against time steels and creep rupture life curves analyzed and to rupture of ASME Gr.122 type steels.
Good correspondence between predicted creep rupture life by region splitting method and experimental data is observed.
[7] NIMS Creep Data Sheet, National Institute for Materials Science, No.51, (2006)
[8] NIMS Creep Data Sheet, National Institute for Materials Science, No.52, (2006)
[9] NIMS Creep Data Sheet, National Institute for Materials Science, No.43, (1996)

In order to realize energy-saving and emission-reduction, there have been some new ventilation technology, for instance, the improved ventilation device, the improved ventilation method, and some new ventilation control technology.
Aim to the object to be evaluated, it can be expressed in formula 3 with the indicator data

The computer simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional Wiener method in the low CPU cost, real-time statistics, the reduction of the speech distortion and residual musical noise.
Experimental results We select a piece of single channel data as pure speech which is saved as 1.wav The speech signal is sampled at 8 kHz and quantified with 16 bits.

In China, there is statistical data show that 46% traffic accidents on the highway were due to tire problem, in which tire blowout accounts for more than 70% of the total accidents, and the most crucial reasons of this is because the owners’ improper tire maintenance method.
Therefore, tire pressure reduction rate is significantly declined and the time to maintain normal tire pressure grows.
Although Geely BMBS technology demonstrated by academician KongHui Guo can easily and safely slow down the speed quickly, but it still cannot avoid the impact of tire blowout on car’s components and passengers, also, it cannot avoid the tire adhesion reduction during the braking process.