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Epoxy coating ageing for three years under the influence of climatic and environmental factors led to their thickness reduction by 8% on average what was the result of pigment and filler crumbling from the surface layers, mainly as a result of UV radiation.
Solid State Phenomena 2010 (Diffusion and Defect Data) Vol. 165, p.91÷95
Webb: An introduction to the physical characterization of materials by mercury intrusion porosimetry with emphasis on reduction and presentation of experimental data, Micromeritics Instrument Corp., Norcross, Georgia, 2001

Flexible Multi-Body Dynamics Modeling Hybrid modeling of shaft system uses comprehensively the data transmission relationships among CAD software, finite element analysis software and mechanical system simulation software.
Fig.4 Configuration of test system 1. amplifier 2. magnetic-tape-unit 3. data acquisition unit 4.computer 5. engine 6. flywheel 7.crankshaft 8.sensor 9.gear 10.
Meanwhile, other peaks of sub-harmonic all have reduction.
[2] Shuji Tomura and Yoshiaki Ito:Development of Vibration Reduction Motor Control for Series-Parallel Hybrid System, SAE paper 2006-01-1125

Cassiots introduces a method using only frequency variation of structure to identify local stiffness reduction.
Fig.5 Curve of change curvature rate Fig.6 Change curvature rate of node 3 Recognizing a total of 20 sets of data of modal change rate when the damage degree of No.2,No.5,No.8,No.11 node respectively are 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% as training samples for BP neural network.
(3) Based on the BP neural network, underground engineering structure damage identification method only needs to consider the structure of the first 4 modes, and it is easy to acquire data, and has high precision, and can simply and effectively determine the damage degree of underground tunnel engineering structure.
Identification of stiffness reduction using natural frequencies[J].

After hot rolling, the sheet was cold rolled to a reduction of 95% in multiple passes on a two-high reversible laboratory mill.
It can be derived from these data that the grain grows faster in the rolling direction.
The present data suggest the following mechanism for the nucleation of abnormal grain growth.
The primary recrystallization texture is very strong because of the very high rolling reduction.

The conventional measures of ductility are the engineering strain at fracture and the reduction of area at fracture which is the change in cross-sectional area divided by the original cross-sectional area.
In a tensile test, at constant volume V of the sample, where V=A x l (A is the area and l the gage length), an elongation dl is compensated by an area reduction causing necking.
The stability map shown in Fig. 4 is obtained for the AZ61 magnesium alloy using the data of Wu et al [13] at e=0 but our plotting method with the Garofalo equation introduced in the Lyapunov first stability criterion.
Stabilitiy map using Wu et al. data [13] at e=0.5 but our plotting method with the Garofalo equation introduced in the Lyapunov first stability criterion.

This equipment is able to measure the power consumption for the maximum range of 400 Volt and 200 Ampere per phase, and it is configured to fetch the data in every 100 millisecond time interval.
Discussion and Data Analysis Electric Energy analysis.
Fig. 8: Void comparison in over-pressure reflows Conclusion This paper discussed the trade-off between the electric energy consumption, process lead-time, voids creation in the solder joints, and the cost reduction as the result of energy consumption reduction for the soldering process.

(3) Distinguish ability: the sample data of each index should have obvious difference
(3) Where RQD is quality designation, Jn is the joint number, Jr is the joint roughness, Jw is the joint reduction coefficient of water, Ja is the metamorphic degree of the joint, SRF is the stress reduction coefficient of water.
The grey model (GM) were established in three steps, on this basis, the new information model GM (1, 1) was got by reducing or increasing new array data, with higher prediction accuracy[5].

Concretes of common strength classes suffer less of a reduction in their properties than high-strength materials (due to the influence of structure and porosity).
An important difference between tensile and flexural strengths is the higher sensitivity of tensile strengths to elevated temperatures, where the increasing temperature causes more significant reductions [4, 5].
Fig. 2 The gas furnace with specimens in the AdMaS Centre on the left (including the data logger and extension thermocables for thermocouples), specimens on the right.
Temperatures inside the furnace, on the reinforcement bars and on the upper faces of the beams were measured with the aforementioned thermocouples connected to a MS6D Comet data logger with a temperature measurement rate of 1 measurement per second in the heating phase and 1 measurement per 60 seconds in the cooling phase.

Temperatures were recorded through a multi-channel data acquisition system (National Instrument, TX, USA) [3].
The zirconia group had the 1 Data obtained from CeramTec, Germany lowest polyethylene wear and the highest head temperature for each testing condition (Figure 1).
Consequently, the precipitated proteins acted as an enhanced lubrication that protected the liner and resulted wear reduction in the zirconia group [3].
Similarly, wear reduction occurred in all three groups when circulating coolant at high temperature (45 °C) due to the extra heat-induced protein precipitation.

The recorded thermal data provided insights into the materials' thermal behavior and properties.
Fig.4 displays DSC thermograms of vPET, rPET blends with varying chain extender concentrations, and the corresponding data are summarized in Table 1.
This can be attributed to the molecular weight reduction caused by chain scission during recycling process.
The crosslinking induced by the chain extender disrupted the regular packing of polymer chains within the crystalline regions, resulting in a reduction in crystallinity.