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The products manufactured by hot extrusion are much more superior in terms of defects observed on the inside of the hot finished pipe apart from material soundness, metallurgy and corrosion properties.
The disadvantages are: (a) Impurities and defects on the surface of the billet affect the surface of the extrusion.
Factors that Influence the Quality of a Hot Finished product.
In duplex stainless steels several factors like nitrogen content and solidification shrinkage influence the porosity level at the core.
Formation of gas blow holes in continuously-cast billets is a frequent phenomenon central porosity shown in below Figure 1a is an inner non-homogeneity of the continuous cast strand and can sometimes be accompanied by shrinkage, both caused by the same factors.

Introduction Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) is an emerging technology in the 21st century.
But the working environmental factors had not been considered.
Variable density method interpolation model include SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) material interpolation model and RAMP (Rational Approximation of Material Properties) material interpolation model.
For unit material properties, except for Poisson's ratio for constants, other properties including the young's modulus, element conductivity and element structure stiffness matrix all change with the unit relative density changes.
In addition, on the assumption that changes in the structure field do not affect the material thermal conduction properties.

Under coupled effects with multi-factors.
Radial-axial ring rolling is a complex metal forming process under coupled effects with multi-factors.
The forming conditions and some main influence factors are listed in Table 1.
These materials properties parameters can be obtained by experiment or consulting material hand books.
Conclusions (1) Radial-axial ring rolling is a fully coupled thermo-mechanical metal forming process with dual-deformation-zone and extremely discontinuous nonlinearities under coupled effects with multi-factors

Composition and Properties of High-Entropy CrZrTiNiCu Coating E.N.
The entropy effect avoids the formation of some undesirable phases, such as intermediates, and such alloys exhibit better mechanical properties than conventional alloys.
High-entropy alloy CrZrTiNiCu made by mechanical alloying followed by calcination at 1100 °C shows very good properties. which do not change over time.
Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys.
Antifriction properties of a high-entropy TiNiZrCuCr coating.

The addition amount of APN, thickener, different ratios of humectant and friction agent were selected as three factors for the design.
And K12 is detergent due to its surface-active property.
AHP was used to determine the weight of each of the above factors to calculate the composite score.
The objectives of the present study were to optimize the formulation of APN toothpaste and to find the relationship between the factors.
Then the corresponding portion scale was given to each factors.

Introduction Preparation of CVD diamond film with low cost and high quality leads to its excellent mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties to display and its widespread application potential from cutting tool coating, window for high-speed aircraft to heat sink and semiconductor device.
So far, it is considered that transition layer formed by ion implantation can improve the chemical bond, inhibit hydrogen and carbon diffusion during the diamond growth process and keep the mechanical properties of the substrate [6-8].
Fig. 1 The distribution of Ti and carbon in the gradient material Ti ion implantation is commonly used to modify DLC surface by the graphitization process [9] and improve its mechanical properties such as hardness and friction coefficient through forming TiC nanocrystalline phases [10].
Properties of substrate materials were affected mainly by the energy, dose and ion flux.
In depth from Ar+ sputtering 1min to 8min, the content of Ti, determined by the ratio of the area under the C1s and Ti 2p peaks and corrected by the atomic sensitivity factors (C: 0.314 and Ti: 2.077) [14] , increases from 0.18 at.% to 0.34at.% in Fig.5.

Finally, the variation regularities of stress-strain characteristics of reinforced soil with the changes of different influencing factors is studied.
In the past ten years, a number of rheological models of geosynthetics including component models, endochronic model and experiential model were gradually proposed, which reflect the viscoelastic or viscoelastic-plasticity and mechanical properties of geosynthetics.
Then, we could analyze the variation regularities of stress-strain of the reinforced soil structures as the factors change.
(a)macro-stress (b)micro-stress of soil (c)micro-stress of geogrid Fig. 5 Sstress state of a compsite unit in a reinforced embankment The physical and mechanical properties of soil in Fig. 5 are assumed in Table 5.
Experimental study on creep properties and viscoelasticity constitutive model for geogrids.

Dynaform software is used to simulate its forming process to acquire the feasible process parameters affecting its formability.
The formability of stamping products is generally determined by the factors including the structure of die, the material properties, the shape of initial blank, the blank-holder force, the layout of draw-bead, lubrication condition and so on [2].
Therefore, finding out the influential factors and determining their optimum selection are very important during designing a feasible and sound mould.
They will also affect the size precision and the surface quality of the final product.
So, considering all the factors, the optimum scheme should be A2B2C3.

Complex feature One of the most important factors of progressive integration of CAD, CAM and CAE, which are increasingly becoming the single class system CAP[6, 7] the exchange of information between the various modules.
Material feature element, MOE, is a feature defined as an information feature, which stores information on mechanical, technological and physical properties of engineering materials.
Inside the master set of MOE, has been specified subset of MOE, which contains a collection of materials for use as separate components of composite materials with varying chemical properties, mechanical and physical [3, 4, 5, 6].
, wherein (7) In defining the composite as: material formed from at least two components with different properties in such a way that has improved properties and (or) a new (additional) properties, in relation to the components used separately.
Jamroziak, Critical to Quality Factors of Engineering Design Process of Armoured Vehicles.

In manual mixing, air and impurities will be used to produce pores, thereby affecting the quality of the casting.
Effects of various contents of nano-NiAl on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were studied.
Ceramic particles usually have high strength, high wear resistance, high melting point and other physical and mechanical properties, which are widely used to improve the comprehensive properties of iron matrix, then achieving iron matrix composites with excellent mechanical properties.
Yang, et al, Effect of TiC/NbC addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of iron matrix composites, Rare Met.
Ru, et al, Pressure-less sintering behaviour and mechanical properties of Fe2O3-containing SiC ceramics, J.