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Introduction Zn-5wt%Al alloy has been widely applied because of superior properties[1-3].
Because physical properties varied with temperature and so forth, the critical withdrawal rate of Zn-5wt%Al alloy was only calculated approximately.
Because of change of exterior and interior factors, the liquid/solid interface during solidification takes on much pattern.
From literature [9], the superheat of metal melt affected the pattern of liquid/solid interface during solidification.
The two factor competed each other.

To overcome cable vibration problems, a common practice is to install mechanical damper to connect the cable to the bridge deck, and a number of control methods have been proposed to mitigate cable vibrations.
This nondimensionalized curve can be used to specify the optimal viscous damping properties for a desired mode of any given cable span and fundamental frequency.
Fujino and Hoang analyzed the effects of bending on the modal properties of a stay cable with a transverse damper [5].
The current widely used by researchers in the theoretical model assumed that the damper is fixed outside of the deck, and the non-idealized factors such as damper stiffness are neglected in the idealized mitigation analysis model, is not reasonable to consider the bridge deck-cable-damper coupled vibration impact caused by the motion of the bridge deck and viscous damper non-idealized characteristics.
The system modal damping affected by the cable-stayed inclination is another problem need to pay particular attention.

This microstructural features might negatively affect final mechanical properties, mainly toughness [37].
In contrast, when higher initial rolling temperatures are selected, the precipitation is delayed without affecting the initial microstructural refinement.
Conf. on Processing, Microstructure and Properties of Microalloyed and Other Modern HSLA Steels (AIME, Warrendale 1991), p. 23
Conf. on Processing, Microstructure and Properties of Microalloyed and Other Modern HSLA Steels (AIME, Warrendale 1991), p. 201
Glodowski: 42nd Mechanical Working and Steel Proc.

Analysis and Countermeasure Study of Photovoltaic System Fault Based on Fault Tree and HAZOP Yue Wang1, a, Fu- yan Guo1,b, Min-de Huang1,c 1School of Control & Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384 adark8angle@126.com, bhappytime76@163.com, c huangminde@tcu.edu.cn Keywords: HAZOP, photovoltaic system,fault tree Abstract.
(4) The main deviation, short circuit breaker system, failure,damage, reverse connection.after analyzing the results, As the following table 1 Table 1: HAZOP analysis table Number name Deviation Consequence Existing measures Suggest measures 1 Solar panels The outer electrode circuit breaker Circuit breaker Firmly connect the electrical Regular daily patrol Bypass diode reverse connection or short circuit Short circuit, electric fire Matching circuit breaker Routes are clearly identified Regular daily patrol,Infrared temperature measurement Junction box off Electrical fire, circuit breaker mly connect the electrical Regular daily patrol,Infrared temperature measurement Wire aging, wire circuit Electrical fire Matching circuit breaker Regular daily patrol,Infrared temperature measurement Back film cracking Corrosion cell and further expand the component part of the short circuit failure Dorsal membrane fixed firmly, has the properties of corrosion resistance.
inverter X19 Set incorrectly or shift work point B4 Inverter fault sensor signal X20 Holzer sensor damage C1 The controller signal failure X21 Temperature compensation failure C2 Inverter signal failure X22 Reverse polarity X1 The outer electrode circuit breaker X23 Signal alarm failure X2 Bypass diode reverse connection or short X24 No transistor contact switch damage X3 Junction box off X25 Lightning damage X4 Wire aging, wire circuit X26 Failure in SPD protection X5 Back film cracking X27 Set incorrectly or shift work point X6 Edge cracking X28 Holzer sensor failure X7 EVA and glass of water X29 Temperature compensation failure X8 Cell sheet or electrode resistance increases X30 No transistor contact switch damage X9 Battery unbalance X31 Reverse polarity X10 The battery internal short circuit X32 Signal alarm failure Fault tree analysis of photovoltaic power station.Through the fault tree analysis can identify the direct cause of major accidents, dangerous position and the main affecting
factors of potential causes, which provides reliable data for the establishment of diagnostic measures, to prevent the failure
This analysis process can be mainly fault system identification factors, mainly through its system error identification.

If the crack grows along the weld or in the heat-affected zone, then it is recommended to take γdc = 0,75–0,80 [16, 19].
КС = [1 + с(ТЭ – 20°С)]КСТ(t0/t)0,2, (5) where c is a coefficient depending on the properties of the steel; ТЭ is the temperature of structure operation; КСТ is the critical value of the stress intensity factor found when testing a steel sample at a temperature of + 20 ° C; t0 = 20 mm is the thickness of the tested steel specimen; t is the thickness of the structural element with a crack, mm.
Shvetsova, Physico-mechanical modeling of fracture processes, St.
Kychkin, The calculation of the residual life of metal lifting machines, taking into account the risk of the appointment of performance indicators, Bulletin of mechanical engineering. 7 (2013) 116
[18] Handbook of stress intensity factors, In 2 t., T. 2. ed.

The resin pocket acts as a crack-like region, and can form the site of the initiation of the delamination under mechanical loads.
Dasgupta et al. [3] showed that strain concentrations near an embedded optical fiber are highly dependent on the thickness and material properties of the coating.
This local undulation will not only perturb the values of the field variables being measured, but may also affect the integrity of the host.
The material properties of the unidirectional graphite/epoxy lamina are listed in Table 1.
A 2-D plane strain element PLANE42 with orthortropical material property is adopted in this analysis.

The plastic forming of sheet metals processes experience very complicated deformations affected by process parameters such as material properties ,the die shape ,the blank shape ,the sheet thickness, the BHF, the friction ,and so on.
Fig. 1 The forming limiting diagram It should be pointed out that the thickness reduction of tearing zone is satisfied with follow Eq.4: （4） Where is the factor of maximum thickness reduction . is the initial thickness of blank sheet.
Fig.2 Punch and die geometry (a) (b) Fig.3 The blank shape 08Al was selected as simulation material, original blank sheet thicknessis 2mm,Material properties of 08Al are given in table1.
Table1 Mechanical properties of 08Al and values of the parameters used in the simulation deep- drawing Mechanical properties of 08A Values of the parameters Young’s modulus() 206.8GPa Yield stress() 110.3MPa Poisson’s ratio () 0.3 Strength coefficient(K) 537 MPa Strain-hardening exponent (n) 0.21 Coefficient of normal anisotropy(r) 1.8 Finite element models are shown in Fig.4.
Metals and Materials International, Vol.7,No.2(2001),p.133-142 [4]Tung-Sheng Yang .Int J Adv Maunf Techno.lVol.37(2008),P58-64 [5]L.Gunnarson,E.Schedin.Journal of Material Process Technology, Vol.114,No.1(2001),P168-173 [6]Youxia Bao,Wei Xu,Gang Liu.Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,Vol.37,No.2(2001),P105-109.

Other properties such as flexibility, good power-weight ratio and resistance to radiation can make CIGS solar cells ideal for use in space, the automotive industry and complex structure building integrated applications.
The manufacturing costs and cell efficiency are critical factors for its wider applicability in terms of an economical point of view.
FS-laser processing generated the edge of protruding objects with almost no heat affected zone.
Note that the results show a flexible Mo/P1 film can be successfully scribed with heat-affected zone by FS-laser pulses.
The P2 layer is usually scribed by using a mechanical machine.

Cutting parameters and tool geometry have been shown to affect the cutting energy in bone cutting processes.
The use of ultrasonic chisel and parameters affecting the cutting of bovine bone were briefly discussed, in vitro in [13].
One of the influential factors in reducing bone temperature during cutting operation is the use of saline irrigation [5,14].
A two-dimensional FE model of bone bone cutting was produced based on the mechanical properties reported in the literature [5,12].
The FE model was based on in-house mechanical properties obtained from tension and nanoindentation tests.

Introduction Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a restorative material that has lower mechanical properties than resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and composite resins.
The effort to improve the mechanical properties of dental restorative materials is always done countinuosly.
The shear bond strength was influenced by several factors such as powder to liquid ratio, hydroxyapatite particle size, surface roughness of tooth structure, conditioner and immersion time [20].
Previous research conducted by Majhool found that the addition of hydroxyapatite from fish scales can improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of a polymer [29].
This research is in line with the research conducted, there was an increase in mechanical properties in the form of shear bond strength in GIC and RMGIC after addition of hydroxyapatite from fish scales.