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However, when the laser cladding layer is rapidly heated and cooled, the process of solidification cracking seriously affect the quality of the surface[1].
Suh and Chang [5-6] studied small plastic deformation on the surface of micro-forged metal, to enhance its mechanical properties.
Ni60A's mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Ni60A mechanical properties Hardness （HRC） melting temperature （°C） Young's modulus （MPa） Poisson ratio Coefficient of the thermal expansion（/°C） 55～60 1024 204×103 0.28 13.36×10-6 The plastic material behavior with elastic-plastic of stress and strain relationship is is expressed as: { } [ ]{ } { }dTCdDd −= εσ (1) Where [ ]D is elastic or elastic-plastic matrix, { }C is vector related to temperature.
The Critical Influence Factors on Crack Formation During High Power CO2 Laser Cladding of NiCrSiB Alloy by Powder Feeding.

After applying the repeated hot-then-cold stresses to the post-irradiated Invar sheets, the springback factors are first restored to the value of fresh Invar, and then revert to an increasing trend.
Results and discussions We adopt the springback formula developed by Tseng et al to evaluate the mechanical springback behaviors of the Invar sheets [12, 13].
Unlike very high energy cosmic-charged particles in the GeV range (which most likely produce structural changes in the metal alloy), the moderate energy in the MeV range of gamma-ray ionizing radiation most seriously affects dielectric materials.
Further increasing the number of hot-then-cold cycles increasingly degraded the mechanical springback characteristics of the Invar sheets.
Lyman (ed), Metals Handbook, Vol.1, Properties and Selection of Metals, ASM, 8th edn. (1961) [2] D.L.

The thermal diffusion length of the material was determined using this method based on its characteristic properties, namely thermal conductivity and material diffusivity, in order to generate an image of each teeth layer (17).
A computer numerical control (CNC) is used to drive the laser and detector in the mechanical XY-stage system.
A computer (LabView) is used to characterize the XY-stage mechanical system.
The photoacoustic images obtained also show that the teeth affected by inflammation produce a brighter image than healthy teeth.
Based on Table 1, it can be assumed that the mechanical form of the five samples is the same, thereby eliminating the shape factor.

This article analyzes the influencing factors of the fresh red meat, such as the proportion of mixed gas, gas barrier materials, meat splitting ways and the meat storage temperature.
The Factors Affecting Modified Atmosphere Packaging The Proportion of Mixed Gas.
The Barrier property of packaging materials also has a close relationship with temperature; the higher the temperature is, the lower the barrier packaging materials would be [10].
But the sales process need to be considered in addition to the colony suppression meat, meat color, etc. and to take care of the factors that attract consumers, so it can save the high O2 manner to ensure that bright flesh [15].
Because the gas composition varies with different meat, the accuracy of gas ratio greatly affects freshness preservation effect of meat [16].

The equation of thermal convection: （2） The factors affecting formula of thermal radiation can also be written as: （3） The entire heat dissipation formula can be attained by the formula (2) (3): （4） The heat flow is proportional to the coefficient of convective heat transfer and the heat dissipation area.
This shows that substrate thickness affects the utilization efficiency of fins.
Compared with the heat conduction, heat dissipation is the major factor.
Electro-mechanical engineering, (2004), 20(4) [2] Sun zheran.
Effects of Different Package Structures on Thermal Properties of High Power White LED Key Engineering Materials,(2012),503:65-70 [3] Galvis.E.

The reliability of electrical connectors is affected by the external environment stresses.
High temperature is one of the main factors to cause the failure of electrical connectors.
The impact of high temperature on the reliability of electrical connectors mainly includes:1) to accelerate the aging of insulator, resulting in the deterioration of electrical insulation; 2) to accelerate the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the elastic material, resulting in the stress relaxation and destruction of the coating of contacts; 3) to accelerate the oxidation of contact material and exacerbate the formation of surface film, therefore, to affect the reliability of contact; 4) to cause the changes of assembly relations between metal and non metal parts, and the extra stress due to the thermal deformation, which is probably the potential failure factors [4].
The followings are the fundamental factors concerning the test.
The length of test time not only affects the cost and efficiency, but also affects the authenticity of test results.

The hybrid HMM/ANN system uses ANN, usually a Multi-layer Perceptron ANN, to integrate the multi-stream inputs as feature transformation, whose goal is to take the advantages from the properties of both HMM and ANN.
Because this transitional process is affected by various random factors, and the features of its vibration signals have poor repeatability and reproducibility, the abundant information, non-stationary, poor repeatability and reproducibility in this process make it is necessary to find a corresponding approach of feature extraction and cutting chatter monitoring.
Generally, the input/output properties of one node should be selected as a continuous differentiable function for the sake of the training procedure.
Hwang: Mechanical Signal Analysis Using Hidden Markov Model.
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing.

Limit Load Finite Element Analysis of Thick-walled Cylinders with Surface Cracks Under Combined Internal Pressure and Axial Tension Mahdi Maarefdoust1,a, Pooria Akbarzade2,b 1 Islamic Azad University, Gonabad branch, Mechanical Engineering Department, Gonabad, Iran. 2Phd Student, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Moreover the potential impact of environmental assisted or accidental damage that result in creation of surface defects and consequently affects the ability of vessel to withstand the applied loading conditions.
Introduction The limit load value is one of the most important inputs when an R6 (2007) type structural integrity assessment is performed for a defective cylinder as it directly affects the results of both fracture and plastic collapse assessment.
The material properties used in all analysis are Young’s modulus, E=212GPa, Poisson’s ratio, v=0.294, yield stress, σy=370MPa and ultimate strength, σut=644MPa.
Normalized limit load values for cylinders with axial crack, material hardening Conclusion As said before, limit load values are one of the most important factors in designing and integrity assessment of transmission pipelines and pressure vessels.

Modal participation factor is frequently used in selective modal analysis.
Since it was first proposed in 1980s, modal participation factor has become a useful tool in dynamical analysis of electric power system.
The core of the model is normal component of the force between pin and bearing because it involves shape, conditions, and material properties of the contacting bodies.
Some interesting properties of inflatable structures have been discovered through experiments and need to be explained theoretically.
Zhao, Dynamic behaviour analysis of planar mechanical systems with clearance in revolute joints using a new hybrid contact force model, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 54 (2012) 190-205

The banded structure seems not to affect the general behaviour of nanocrystalline electrodeposits.
These composite cellular materials can offer enhanced mechanical strength at low density [2-4].
The amount of plastic deformation that can be supported by the nanocrystalline material before fracture is controlled by factors such as the grain size and grain size distribution [3,5].
The aim is to investigate if the presence of this banded structure affects the properties of the nanostructured material and if nanomaterials with banded structure are suitable for application as reinforcement in composite cellular materials.
However, more measurements of the mechanical behaviour are required.