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Fig.5 Axial variations of Nu for different nanoparticle diameter Fig.6 Axial variations of Nu for different nanoparticle material Effect of nanoparticle material on Nusselt number.
Li, Investigation on convective heat transfer and flow features of nanofluids, Journal of Heat Transfer 125 (2003) 151-155
Jalali-Vahid, Numerical study of developing laminar forced convection of a nanofluid in an annulus, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 48 (2009) 2119-2129
Buongiorno, Convective transport in nanofluids, Journal of Heat Transfer, 128 (2006) 240-250
Vajjha, Numerical study of turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids considering variable properties, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48(2009), 290-302

Research on Key Technology of Normal Grain Growth for Second Phase Particle Materials by Cellular Automata Simulation Gu Zonglei a, Yin Yuliang b College of Mechanical Engineering,Linyi University,Linyi, Shandong,P.
Materials Science and Engineering.
Materials Science and Engineering.Vol.271(1999),p. 1 [3] N.
Journal of Crystal Growth.Vol.243(2002),p.361 [4] X.
Materials Science and Engineering.

Methodology Materials.
B., Materials and design of spinal implants—a review, Journal of Applied Biomaterials. 38 (1997) 267-288
Uggowitzer (Eds.), Materials In Medicine, ETH Materials, Zurich, 1998, pp. 191-207
Tanner, Effect of filler surface morphology on the impact behaviour of hydroxyapatite reinforced high density polyethylene composites, Journal of Material Science: Material, Medicine 19 (2008) 761-766
Bonfield, Hydroxyapatite-polyethylene composites: effect of grafting and surface treatment of hydroxyapatite, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 7 (1996) 191-193

Among these materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) prepared at low temperatures has properties including non-toxicity, high transparency, and high crystallinity [2].
[3] Joydip Sengupta, Arifeen Ahmed, Rini Labar, Structural and optical properties of post annealed Mg doped ZnO thin films deposited by the sol–gel method, Materials Letters. 109 (2013) 265-268
[6] Qiang Shi, Junying Zhang, Dong Zhang, Changzheng Wang, Bing Yang, Bingyuan Zhang, Wenjun Wang, Red luminescent and structural properties of Mg-doped ZnO phosphors prepared by sol–gel method, Materials Science and Engineering. 177 (2012) 689-693
Khusaimi, Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO/PMMA Nanocomposite, Advanced Materials Research. 832 (2014) 602-606
Ahmad, Bandgap Alteration of Transparent Zinc Oxide Thin Film with Mg Dopant, Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials. 13 (2012) 64-68

The simulation software based on molecular dynamics is Forcite module from Material Studio, which is a commercial software and has been used extensively to study characteristics of nano scale materials.
Science. 290 (2002) 1532-1535
Journal of Applied Physics. 93 (2003) 561-565
Science. 299 (2003) 1874-1877
Huang, “Study on vibration behavior of doubly-clamped silicon nanowires by molecular dynamics”, Journal of Nano-materials, vol. 2012: Article ID 342329, 5 pages, 2012

Wavelet Package for the In-Process Monitoring of Gas Metal Arc Welding Mild Steel Ying-Yao Ting, King-Chu Hung and Yih-Fong Tzeng 1Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung First University of Science of Technology, Taiwan 1Dept.
Information Management, Wu Feng University of Science of Technology, Taiwan 2 Dept.
Computers and Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science of Technology, Taiwan 3 Dept.
Kovacevic :Classification of molten pool modes in variable polarity plasma arc welding based on acoustic signature, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 174(2006) , pp.127–136
Chen :On-line quality monitoring in plasma-arc welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 120(2002) , pp.270–274 [9] Q.

The materials from which the solar simulator is made are critical in producing solar radiance and temperature that is more likely ideal for the Sun.
Aside from the aluminum flat solar absorber, use other materials as a solar absorber with high conductivity.
A large amount of heat energy can be acquired and tested by different materials suitable for the solar absorber.
Thermal Characteristic of Novel Insulation Materials Designed for Solar Simulator.
In International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (pp. 230-235).

Hsu1 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Keywords: Ni-Mn-Ga, material design, ageing, internal friction Abstract.
Introduction Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMA) are a potential new class of actuator materials able to respond at higher frequencies (at least 300 Hz) with comparable strains (up to 6 %) in a moderate field (below 1 T)[1].
Magnitude of the strain depends on the values of several critical material parameters, most importantly the martensitic transformation temperature (TMart), Curie temperature (TC) and saturation magnetization (MS)[2].
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 40 50 60 8.50x10-4 9.00x10-4 9.50x10-4 1.00x10-3 1.05x10-3 1.10x10-3 After 40 days As annealed Resistance / ohms Temperature / C 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 Strain Strain Fig. 3 Resistance change during heating-cooling cycles for a Ni-Mn-Ga alloy: a) as-annealed: solid triangle, b) after staying at room temperature for 40 days: open triangle.
The modulus and internal friction directly related to the detail structure of materials are worth further investigating.

The materials used were α-brass (Cu30Zn), lead, Inconel 625 and Inconel 600 (Ni17Cr9Fe).
[3] Grain Boundary Structure and Kinetics, Materials Science Seminar, Milwakee (ASTM, 1979)
Palumbo: Materials Science and Engineering, A237 (1997), p. 168-172
Palumbo: Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol.
Karashima: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 18 (1983), p. 1183-1194

Yang c College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, P.O.
Welo: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Vol. 43(2001), p1283 [4] T Welo, F Paulsen and T J Brobak: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Welo: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences.
Langseth: Materials and Design.