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For obtaining fatigue limit and dealing with censored data, the" pair- life -weighted” is proposed in this paper.
Because of the time and budget constraints, fatigue experimental data is often quite limited and incomplete (such as censored data).
Gao Zhentong proposes pairing dichotomy to calculate fatigue limit with test data of the up-down method, which has become a conventional method.
In the reference [5], contrasted test data of "destroy" and "non-destroy" at adjacent stress levels (,) can be taken as a pair (Figure 1).
"Destroy" means the life of a tested sample is less than 107 and "non-destroy" means the life is over 107, which can be as a data of the conventional method

Abstract Neural Networks are powerful data modeling tools that are capable of capturing and representing complex input/output relationships.
Using artificial neural network in approximating of complex data is one of easy way to save time and cost.
Then use the resulting data to train a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network which would predict –accurately enough- those quantities throughout the speeds, vibration amplitudes and frequencies, friction factors and reductions body for any given input vector.
Based on these, a complete model of the extrusion was created and validated using data from the finite element simulation.
Fig. 7 Learning diagrams of ANN from FEM data References [1] S.A.A.

Electrochemical data are summarized in Table 1.
XRD data (not showed), revealed a small diffraction peak displacement toward higher angles respect to that observed for pure Pt.
These values agree very well with previously reported data.
Sun, Tuning Nanoparticle Catalysis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.
Solorza-Feria, Enhanced electroactivity for the oxygen reduction on Ni@Pt core-shell nanocatalysts.

Taking into account that deformation is not uniform and the free surface suffers a phenomenon known as barrel-shaped, that is not covered by analytical methods, the data obtained will compared with those obtained with the FEM code ABAQUS.
The aim of this comparison between analytical and numerical methods using two commercial codes instead one, is a proposed way to validate a Finite Element simulation when experimental data are not available or do not exist yet.
Variation of the Stress with Reduction Coefficient.
Conclusions The data are consistent with the assumptions and simplifications that are made for the formulation of analytical techniques.
Finally, as similar results in compressive stress with both codes have been obtained, and both are two of the most popular codes in the industry and research field, the validation of a forging simulation with two FEM codes plus analytical method when no experimental data are available can be considered as a useful way of work.

Reduction of Traps and Improvement of Carrier Lifetime in SiC Epilayer by Ion Implantation L.
The carrier lifetime was calculated by fitting the measured data to exponential decay.
Results and discussion Carrier lifetime data obtained from the unimplanted and surface-implanted epilayers after the same annealing temperatures is presented in Fig. 1.
The detailed process of the trap reduction is not yet clear.
The data was measured at the depth between 3 and 4 µm, well below the implanted layer. in selected samples and annealed at 1600 ºC, but no increase of the carrier lifetime was observed.

It provides useful data for the die design and production design in metal forming process.
Fig. 8 shows the effect of initial height and reduction upon reduction of internal diameter.
Fig. 9 shows the comparison of analytical compression force and experimental data.
It is noted that the analytical compression force agrees with the experimental data and it is indicated present analytical model is valid for estimating the compression force during rotating compression of ring. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Reduction r (%) -40 -20 0 20 40 Reduction of Internal diameter (%) di = 12mm do = 24mm m = 0.4 Vo = 1mm/s ω = 0.16s-1 σ = 1MPa 1.hi = 8mm 2.hi = 12mm 3.hi = 24mm 4.hi = 36mm 1 2 3 4 Fig. 8.
Comparison of analytical compression force and experimental data.

By integration analysis of monitoring data of typical section, curves of horizontal and vertical displacement with time were drawn, shown in Figure 2.
Fig.3 Curves of external deformation rate with time According to the typical cross-section observation results and horizontal and vertical accumulative displacement variation, curves of horizontal and vertical displacement with time were drawn by integration analysis of data, shown in Figure 3.
By integration analysis of monitoring data of typical inclinometer hole, deep displacement curves with depth were drawn, shown in Figure 4.
Based on the observation results of typical inclinometer hole and variation of displacement deformation with depth, as well as integration analysis of the data, curves of displacement and its rate 1m away from the orifice with time are drawn, shown in Figure 5.
Slope Stability Analysis by Strength Reduction FEM [J].

The compositions were WC-10 and -20 wt% Co after reduction and carburization.
The degree of the direct reduction and carburization of the mixed powders increased with the reaction time.
The mean size of WC grains was increased as the reduction time and the cobalt content increased.
The mean size of WC grains in WC/Co composite powder was calculated by Scherrer's formula from the XRD diffraction data of WC(112).
The phases of WC, Co, and Co3W3C were observed after reduction and carburization at 900℃ for 1 hour.

Synthesis of ceramic materials from waste residues Sabrina Portofinoa, Sergio Galvagnob, Anna De Girolamo Del Mauroc , Enzo Calòd Unità Tecnica Tecnologie Portici (UTTP), ENEA P.le Enrico Fermi 1 – 80055 Portici (NA) asabrina.portofino@enea.it, bsergio.galvagno@enea.it, canna.degirolamo@enea.it, denzo.calo@enea.it Keywords: rice shell, carbothermal reduction, silicon nitride, SEM, XRD Abstract.
The synthesis products were characterized by X Ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the data confirmed the production of ceramic silicon nitride (Si3N4) at high yield and purity, under the adopted process parameters.
Synthesis reactions have been performed both on the original rice husk (without any pre-treatment) or after size reduction.
The chars have been characterized and the proximate analysis data are reported in Table 2.
Table 2, Proximate analysis of char from rice husk pyrolysis [% w/w] Volatile 32.9 Fixed carbon 29.6 Ash 37.5 According to the experimental data, the carbon/silica weight ratio of the char is nearly 0.8 (considering that the ash is just silica); such a value is definitely higher than the stoichiometric value of the two reagents of reaction (2) (which is 0.4), but is certainly adequate to allow high conversion rates.

Drag reduction between 5 and 6% was confirmed through numerical computations by Choi et al. [4].
Fig. 3: Form filling plotted against specific thickness reduction (a) and specific rolling force (b) The calculated simulation data agrees well with that obtained from the experiments.
The dependence between form filling FF and the parameters thickness reduction εh, rolling force Fw and rolling pressure p is investigated by setting the roll gap to different positions simulating different thickness reductions.
Fig. 5 (a) shows form filling plotted against thickness reduction simulated for different materials.
As in the previous chapter, one can state that FF increases with raising thickness reduction.