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To put it in a simple way, this framework regards the farmers as people living or making a living in a vulnerable background, in which they can use certain asset or poverty reduction elements.
Quantitative analysis and statistics was conducted about the investigation data thereafter.
l Increase of natural asset is mainly manifested in reduction of firewood logging, and the annual reduction of firewood logging was 2.3t/a/household, which is equivalent to protecting 220 -550mu of forests.
The annual increase of income was equivalent to about RMB 850 Yuan (including reduction of expenses).

This procedure (usually with 60-90% thickness reduction) normally introduces very strong texture and anisotropy in the steel sheets due to the substantial plastic deformation.
These plates were then conventionally rolled along the longitudinal axes to a thickness of ~0.5mm (80% reduction), which corresponded to conventional rolling (0°), inclined rolling (45°) and cross rolling (90°), respectively.
The decrease of the dislocation density and residue stress reduces the number of pinning sites for domain walls, which would result in the reduction of the number of MBN jumps [9], and the decrease of the MBN rms, peak, energy and time integral.
MBN parameters (rms, energy and time integral) calculated from the raw MBN data, or the characteristic values (peak and FWHM) obtained from the smoothed envelops all have intrinsic relations to the material microstructure and stress state, and can all be used to evaluate the recrystallization process.
Edrisy, Effect of skin pass rolling reduction rate on the texture evolution of a non-oriented electrical steel after inclined cold rolling, J.

Metallic nanoparticles exhibit size and shape-dependent properties that area of interest for applications ranging from catalysts and sensing to optics, antibacterial activity and data storage [6-8].
Although there are a lot of techniques for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles like reduction, thermal decomposition, radiation assisted, electrochemical, sonochemical, microwave assisted process and recently via green chemistry route [13-15], but all these methods are time consuming and of course need costly apparatus.
Once the reduction process began, colour changes appeared and the solution turn into pale yellow.
The solution was kept in the same position for 100 minutes for complete reduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles.
The colour change was due to the change of plasmon resonance of silver nitrate as a result of reduction process which clearly indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles in the reaction mixture [17-20].

Two objectives considered are real-power loss reduction, maximum nodes voltage deviation is kept within a range, and the absolute value of branch currents is not allowed to exceed their rated capacities.
Distribution system reconfiguration for loss reduction was first proposed by Merlin and Back [1].
System data is given together with the voltage profile of the base configuration. real power loss reduction is 10.49% and minimum voltage of the system has improved.
F.Wu, "Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing," IEEE Trans.

In addition to the magnet-responsive properties, various functionalities can be introduced to construct more sophisticated multifunctional materials, making them highly promising in catalysis, biomedicine, data storage and environmental remediation.
The Fe3O4@SiO2-Ag nanospheres have been exploited as a solid phase catalyst for the reduction of p-nitrophenol in the presence of NaBH4 by UV–vis spectrophotometry, which also exhibit enhanced catalytic reduction efficiency for rhodamine B and eosin Y compared with those of pure Ag or Fe3O4 nanoparticles [14].
The final nanoparticles were lyophilized and stored at room temperature in vacuum. 1.5 Materials characterization The morphologies and sizes of the as-prepared samples were characterized by a JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). 1.6 Antibacterial activity The antibacterial activity of the test materials was studied in terms of the reduction in the number of viable Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) cells.
Ag-deposited silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles catalyzed reduction of p-nitrophenol.

Comparison of Design and Economic Bases Parameter DOE/Parsons IEA GHG Plant site Midwestern US NE Coast of Netherlands Site condition: Ambient air temperature Atmospheric pressure Relative humidity 15°C 1.013 Bar 60% 9°C 1.013 Bar 60% Plant book life 20 years 25 years Capacity factor 85% 85% CO2 recovery PC and NGCC = 90% PC = 87.5%, NGCC = 85% Coal type Higher heating value Lower heating valve Sulfur content (AR) Delivered cost (HHV) Illinois #6 27.14 MJ/kg 26.17 MJ/kg 2.51% $1.20/GJ Australian Bituminous 27.06 MJ/kg 25.87 MJ/kg 1.1% $1.43/GJ Natural gas cost (HHV) $5.61/GJ $2.72/GJ Gas turbine for NGCC GE 7FB GE 9FA PC steam cycles 16.5MPa/565°C/565°C 24.1MPa/593°C/593°C 29MPa/600°C/620°C Condenser cooling Mech draft cooling tower Once-through sea water PC emission standards SO2 NOX PM 125 mg/Nm3 88 mg/Nm3 19 mg/Nm3 200 mg/Nm3 200 mg/Nm3 25 mg/Nm3 To achieve the emission standards the PC plants are equipped with low-NOx burners, selective catalytis reduction
Comparison of Results for PC Plants with and without CO2 Capture A summary of the major cost and performance results for the ultrasupercritical PC cases in the two studies is presented in the Table 2: Table 2: Comparison of PC Plants with and without CO2 Capture Parameter DOE/Parsons w/o Capture DOE/Parsons w/Capture IEA GHG w/o Capture IEA GHG w/Capture Coal price $/GJ HHV 1.20 1.20 1.43 1.43 Fuel input, MWt HHV 1414 19491802 2001 Gross power, MW Net power, MW 587.6 549.8 675.7 550.2 831 758 827 666 Power loss, % of Gross 6.4 18.6 8.8 19.5 Efficiency, % HHV Efficiency, % LHV 38.9 40.3 28.2 29.2 42.1 44.0 33.3 34.8 Reduction in efficiency, % 27.5 20.9 Total plant cost, $/kW 1331 1859 1222 1755 Increase in total plant, % 39.7 43.6 CO2 avoided cost, $/mt (w/DOE coal price) 29.6 29.5 (28.7) COE, $/MWh (w/DOE coal price) 47.8 68.5 43.9 (42.0) 62.4 (59.9) COE % increase with CO2 capture (w/DOE coal price) 43.3 42.1 (42.9) Comparison of Results for NGCC Plants
with and without CO2 Capture A summary of the major cost and performance results for the natural gas-fired combined cycle cases in the two studies is presented in the Table 3 below: Table 3: Comparison of NGCC Plants with and without CO2 Capture Parameter DOE/Parsons w/o Capture DOE/Parsons w/Capture IEA GHG w/o Capture IEA GHG w/Capture Coal price $/GJ HHV 5.61 5.61 2.72 2.72 Fuel input, MWt HHV 1103 1103 1542 1542 Gross power, MW Net power, MW 575.3 565.2 523.7 480.5 800 776 740 662 Power loss, % of Gross 1.8 8.2 3 10.5 Efficiency, % HHV Efficiency, % LHV 51.2 56.6 43.5 48.1 50.3 55.6 42.9 47.4 Reduction in efficiency, % 15.0 14.7 Total plant cost, $/kW 491 786 499 869 Increase in total plant, % 60 74 CO2 avoided cost, $/mt (w/DOE coal price) 49.3 40.7 (52.2) COE, $/MWh (w/DOE coal price) 52.3 67.6 31.3 (52.1) 44.0 (68.4) COE % increase with CO2 capture (w/DOE coal price) 29.3 40.6 (31.3) Overall Comparisons and Discussions As shown in Tables 2 and
The differences in financial parameter assumptions lead to about a 6 percent reduction in the capital related portion of the COE for the IEA GHG cases.
Acknowledgements The data presented in this paper is based on the two studies prepared by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) and Parsons for the US DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) respectively.

As Fig.2(a) exhibits, for the electrolyte containing FEC, a reduction peak at 1.0V versus Li/Li+ appears instead of the peak at 0.6V which is believed to be the decomposition of part of solvents[10-13].
Peak at 1.0V is deemed to be originated from the reduction of FEC.
Herein, FEC is though to be more easier to reduce to form a SEI film on the MCMB electrode so that then the reactions of other solvents can be suppressed [14].The reduction peak disappears during the potential sweep of the second cycle (Fig.2 (b)), since no decomposition happened due to the completeness of a stable SEI.
At room temperature, with this novel electrolyte, the potential of oxidization moves from 3.88V to 3.82V and also the reduction peak is shifted from 3.58 to 3.65 compared with traditional electrolyte.
The data of 91% suggests a charge process much closer to a perfect one.

Thus, there is need to intensify research on how to utilize this waste for the benefits of humanity and also for the reduction of the amount of waste that ends up in landfill and creating environmental pollution [1].
To identify the phases present, International Centre for Diffraction Data was used and the result is presented in Fig. 1.
It is evidently clear that the maximum bulk density was achieved by the addition of Fe2O3 at 5 wt.% and this is attributed to the reduction of sintering temperature and formation of dense microstructure due to the addition of Fe2O3.
This research shows that the addition of Fe2O3 engenders the reduction of porosity, which serves as a stress collection center, as the maximum stress is attained crack is formed, and thus hardness and strength reduction.

The specimens kept in aggressive solution; the strength of the control concrete is reduced by 17.77% whereas the high performance concrete the reduction was by 5.48% only.
The presence of pozzolan has a very beneficial effect on the chloride permeability of concrete with significant reductions in the charge passed.
This reduction is more at later ages because the pozzolan modifies the microstructure of the concrete in terms of its physical and chemical characteristics.
On the contrary the high performance concrete presents a dense and low porosity of the matrix preventing penetration of the sulphate solution. 28 90 180 365 Fig. 5 Evolution of compressive strengths Fig. 6 Variation of charge passed 28 90 180 365 Fig. 7 Variation of velocities 28 90 180 Fig . 8 Results of sulphate resistance Conclusion Based on the obtained data, the use of natural volcanic pozzolan replacing 5% by weight of cement in the mixture of high performance concrete influences positively the durability specimens concrete cured in sulphate environment.
It is observed that during the early stages, filler effect results due to reduction in porosity.

For instance, by 2012 compared to 2007 there had been planned to reduce the energy intensity of GDP by 17-18 % (in fact the reduction was – 6-8 %, by the way, in the construction field the planned figures had been even less), to increase the level of housing up to 30-35 sqm of living space per person (actual figures were – 23.4 sqm and much less for some social groups).
The implementation of considered industrial structural solutions for public buildings instead of the previously developed ones with a mixed frame of concrete panel elements [3, 16] provides a significant (up to 30 %) reduction of precast concrete, and therefore it reduces the weight of a building.
A detailed analysis of the experimental data, comparisons and results of the calculation are presented in work [22].
Analysis of the presented results (table 1) shows that the implementation of the proposed structural solutions provides a reduction of the construction materials by 21.3 % and energy consumption by 11.2 %.
Performed feasibility assessment of the effectiveness of structural solutions has shown that the implementation of the proposed structural solutions provides a reduction of the construction materials by 21.3 % and energy consumption by 11.2 %.