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The forged component was longitudinally sectioned in the centre and thirty samples (10 × 10 × 10 mm) were cut from it and numbered sequentially (No. 1 to 30).
A large number of dynamically recrystallised (DRXed) grains (about 3-5 μm) are present in the microstructure (blue colour), with some coarse grains (red and yellow colour) distributed among them.
The overall distributions of grain size at various locations of the powder billet were acquired with a1 μm observation interval of the grain size.
The samples have a mean linear intercept grain size of 4.4-5.2 μm, and the standard deviation of the grain size distribution is 2.6-3.0.
Moreover, relative frequency of grain size greater than 5 μm decreases as grain size increases, indicating that there was little chance for the recrystallised grains to grow during the deformation process.

The Effect of Annealing on Mechanical Properties, the Number of Fluidity, and the Size of Coherent Scattering Regions in AMg1, AMg5, and AMg6 Alloys N.
It is shown that the fine-grained alloy recrystallizes faster than an alloy with a large grain size.
In [2], the increase in the recrystallization rate of a fine-grained alloy is attributed to the fact that the initial grain boundaries favored nucleation sites.
The shear lines and transition lines were more easily formed in a coarse-grained alloy than in a fine-grained alloy.
In the paper [16], it is assumed that the high strength of an alloy in a state after equal-channel angular extrusion is associated with an increase in grain size, dislocation density, and the number of dispersive phases.

Near the sheet surface, large grain growth to mm lengths was observed at 60 to 160°C, whereas at the 1/3 thickness level grain growth of CReX grains starting at about 1 µm took place at 240 to 275°C.
From the measured grain boundary velocities, a grand scheme encompassing the lattice and grain boundary diffusivities of Fe in Al with the grain-growth activation energies was formulated.
Grain growth at 60-160°C.
Composite grain growth kinetics.
If the thermal energy becomes so low that Fe solutes are immobile and few in number, the drag force approaches zero and interface migration can proceed at a much faster rate as depicted.

A number of UV laser lines can also be employed to provide depth profile.
However, in the monochromatic green colored PL image, a large number of dark lines and bright dots are observed.
These all probably correspond to low angle grain boundaries.
One can notice that in the SWBXT image, there are a large number of low angle grain boundaries running from the off-center facet to the edge of the wafer.
Colin Wood) and by Dow Corning Corporation under contract numbers N0001405C0324 and DAAD1701C0081.

Further deformation in strain leads to a higher number of banded structures (Fig.1b) and the formation of new, fine sub(grains) in the regions with high density of banded structures (Fig.1c-d).
Thermal diffusivity as a function of number of cycles Fig.5.
Electrical impedance as a function of number of cycles The thermal diffusivity and electrical impedance of ultrafine grained materials has received only limited attention in published literature and it is difficult to formulate general conclusions at this moment.
The UFGs partially formed after ef =12.5, and the number of grains with high- angle boundaries increased with increasing the strain up to ef =30.3.
After deformation at ef =30.3, the near 80 % volume of material consisted of the UFGs with high-angle grain boundaries and average value of grain size was measured as 1.29 µm. 3.

Grinding test was carried out to study the grinding of granite with single diamond grain.
Forces were measured to investigate the mean normal and tangential forces acted on the diamond grain.
Fig. 1 Uniaxial compression test Fig. 2 Three-point bending test Fig. 3 Simulation of grinding G603 by single iamond grain Tab. 1 Basic parameters of granite specimen Category of granite G603 Density ρ (kg/m3) 2610 Posority n 0.19 friction coefficient f 0.4 Normal siffnesskn(N/m) 2.6×1015 Ration of stiffness kn/ks Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of single diamond grain grinding tester 1 Young’s modulus of elasticity Ec(Pa) 2.6×1010 Parallel bond modulus of elasticity (Pa) 2.6×1010 Compression strength (MPa) 176.5 Bending strength(MPa) 194.6 1.3 Result and analysis of 3-D DEM The 3-D DEM dynamic simulation process of single diamond grain grinding G603 in shown in Fig. 3, and damping coefficient=0.45, size of specimen is 1mm×0.3mm×0.4mm, number of particles are 60588, the cutting velocity ( Vs) is 5m/s, the cutting depth (ap) is 20 μm.
Along with the grain moved forward, more and more single particle or small particle group has been removed and accumulated in front of grain, the number of cracks increased gradually, so material were removed and scratch was formatted.
It can be seen from Fig. 6, diamond grain was keep intact which eliminate the influence factor that wear of diamond grain to the acted loads. 3.

Grains in H114-T sheet performed irregular shape polygon, a number of subgrains appeared in grains, the amount of dislocations in grains decreased.
Most of the grains in O sheet performed equiaxed grains, as shown in Fig. 2(b).
As shown in Fig. 3(a), there were a large number of dislocations in the H116 sheet.
For the H114-T sheet, in the process of rolling forming a large number of dislocation, but at the same time, many subgrains formed in the annealing treatment.
The number of the dislocation decreased, and the dislocation became sub grain due to the annealing, so the plasticity of the sheet increased [16].

Systematic Planning and Design of a System to Facilitate the Adjustment of Grain Transport Vanes in a Combine Harvester Marco A. de Carvalho*1,a, Felipe B.
The conceived system allowed a 80% reduction of time spent in grain transport vane adjustment.
If significant loss of grain in the rotor continues to occur, the angle of the transport vanes must be adjusted.
Regarding geometry, the intention was maintaining the maximum number of parts already present in the combine harvester, in order to facilitate the retrofitting of old machines.
The speed of the machine was considered, as well as the number of maize plants per linear meter, the number of ears per maize, the number of line units in the platform and the mass of the ear.

It is proved that an increase in the pre-pressure on the parent powder mixture reduces the grain size, and an increase in the delay time increases the grain size in the synthesized intermetallic compound.
Reduction of the grain size in the pressure-synthesized intermetallide when increasing the pre-pressure on the parent powder mixture is due to an increased number of contacts of dissimilar particles in the powder mixture.
These particles determine the number of nuclei generating the intermetallic compound and in the process of crystallization of the high-temperature synthesis product, the number of grains in the emerging polycrystalline structure.
These parameters determine the grain size in the synthesized intermetallic compound polycrystalline structure.
Changes in grain size have a significant effect on the strength of the synthesized intermetallic compound.

The 4 ECA pressed AZ31 alloy revealed the microstructure of dynamically recrystallized grains with a grain size in range of 1 to 10 � .
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) TEM micrographs of AZ31 alloy after ECAP are shown in Fig. 2.
However, the yield stress gradually decreased with increasing the number of pressings unlike the ECA pressed steels and Al alloys reported [2-4].
This was considered to be due to the reduced dislocation density with the number of pressings as shown in Fig. 2 (b).
However, the tensile strength became slightly high with the number of pressings.