Search results

The factors that affect the phase transformation are known to be stress, strain, temperature, and history of transformation.
The details about how to capture the effective stiffness of finite elements considering both SMA and polymeric composite properties using a new representative volume element (RVE) are described in [12].
The mechanical properties of graphite/epoxy and a SMA wire are listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Material properties of SMA Moduli Temperature Transformation Constants Strains MPa Da 3 1067 ×= CM f °= 9 18 � °= CMPa CM 067.0=L� MPa DM 3 103.26 ×= CM s °= 4.18 18.13 � °= CMPa CA 0469.00=� CMPa°×=� 3 1055.0 CAs °= 5.34 MPa cr s 100=� 33.0=!
Mechanical properties of graphite/epoxy 11 141.96E GPa = 22 33 9.76 E E GPa = = 12 13 6.0 G G GPa = = 23 4.83G GPa= 12 13 0.24 !

Introduction Nowadays, nanocomposites have gotten a lot of attention from new materials researchers worldwide due to its promising properties of physical, thermal and mechanical compared to conventional composites [1].
Even though by adding clay improved the properties of the composite, many researchers had found out that there are an optimum level of nanoclay loading, where beyond this loading the properties will decrease again [2].
Some example of research that investigate fracture toughness between nanoclay and natural fiber composite reinforced polypropylene separately had stated that polypropylene filled with different concentrations of nanoclay which were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% continuously increased the values of stress intensity factor but the rate of increase was reduced at higher clay content due to intercalated structures produced that affect the net aspect ratio of the clay platelets [3].
Some other research that investigates the effect of clay loading on fracture toughness also stated that when nanoclay content below 1.5 wt%, the value of stress intensity factor was increased but when nanoclay content was increased, the value of stress intensity factor tends to decrease [4].
Krishna, “Study of mechanical properties of epoxy/glass/nanoclay hybrid composites,” J.

Moradi1, a, M.Ghoreishi1, b, M.J.Torkamany2, c, J.Sabbaghzadeh2, M.J.Hamedi2 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N.
RSM and Taguchi method were applied to analyze and optimize the laser welding mechanical properties [8, 9].
The effect of laser welding process parameters on aluminium metal matrix composite properties were investigated using diode and CO2 laser by RSM approach [11].
By increasing the overlapping factor, the conical appearance of the melted region (keyhole shape) changes to a cylindrical form and as a consequence more uniform and complete joining will be produced The mechanical and metallurgical properties of the laser welded steel plates and hybrid laser-TIG welding to access full weld penetration will be the subject of our next study and will be presented in the near future.
Capello E, C.D.P.B., Vedani M. , Effect of process parameters on bead properties of A359/SiC MMCs welded by laser.

The two factors responsible for the electrical and magnetic properties of prepared ferrites are sintering conditions [3] and method of preparation [4].
It is known that the desired, technologically speaking, properties of ferrites depend on a careful optimization of factors, such as bulk composition, purity, microstructure, divalent iron and/or oxygen stoichiometry and an adequate control of the corresponding homogeneity.
Previous works showed that the grain size is one of the most important parameters affecting the magnetic properties of ferrites [13].
It can alter the cation distribution to a greater extent which is deciding factor in determining the overall magnetic properties in the nanoregime.
The presence of Mn3+ and Fe2+ in octahedral site leads to Jahn–Teller distortion which affects the magnetic properties in manganese containing ferrite [47].

Fig.3 An organ structure at the internal hose Application of TPE rubber materials Through comprehensive consideration of three factors, making the material with plastic and elastic, adapting to industry production and improving environmentalprotection, we have selected TPE rubber, also known as Thermoplastic Elastomer / Thermoplastic Rubber.
In other words, TPE rubber is a kind of plastic with respect to material processing, while at the same time, it is also a kind of rubber with respect to the properties of the material.
The function, making the hose freely telescopic, would be realized by using TPE rubber because TPE, as a plasticity elastomer, possesses excellent tensile properties.
These required properties include good appearance, soft touch, strong tinting, color uniformity, high insulation, non-toxicity, temperature resistance at -60℃ - 70℃, outstanding barrier, good corrosion resistance (such as to water, acid, alkali, and alcohol solvents), anti-ultraviolet radiation and antioxidant properties, and adjustable hardness.
TPE material can directly replace the traditional PE plastic without affecting production standards or the industry production chain.

During ultra-precision cutting of brittle materials, the wear of diamond tool seriously affects the quality of machined surface.
Consequently, the ductile cutting mode will change into brittle mode, which will affect the dimensional accuracy, surface accuracy and quality of machined surface of the workpiece[1,2].
Micro-chipping is one of them caused by multiple factors, among which the graphitization of tool is an important aspect.
[7] Tersoff J, New empirical model for the structural properties of silicon, Physical Review Letters. 56(1986) 632-635
Study of some physical concepts and influence factors about the thermal stability of diamond, Diamond & Abrasives Engineering. 5(1997) 5-7

Considering the most popular industrial sensor systems, with respect to the following criteria measuring range, resolution, sensitivity, also an important factor in the selection [2] of the actuators and control subsystem has been discussed.
Industrial productive systems run at a risk of an impact of many external factors.
In addition, the use of a universal vision system will allow to: · developing a universal housing adapted to most items, · elaborating one model that can be developed in the form of the standard [10] with variable structural properties depending on varying applications (overall dimensions), · increasing the versatility of elaborated machine, · reducing the time needed to prepare the testing of a new item, · reducing the number of sensors used to detect the presence of the object, · simplification of the control subsystem (possible resignation from Programmable Logic Controllers or programmable relays), · acquisition of measurement data (in form of photographic documentation), · the ability to connect to arbitrary industrial network, · reducing the impact of external interference from magnetic fields, stray currents, etc.
An elaboration of devices that fulfils all the specified requirements with enumerated factors will be the most important task for engineers derived from different domains.
The conceptual solution, due to the mechanical structure of the device is characterized by a low degree of versatility.

For all case volume of fins remains constant factor with Reynolds number 1200 and constant wall heat flux of 200 W/m2.
For laminar flow and heat transfer, comprehensive experimental and numerical investigations have been performed for variable fluid properties, mixed convection and fin geometry.
(2009), numerically studied the various type fin configuration and how they affects the performance of a internally finned tube.
Thatoi and AK Mishra, Numerical Analysis of Mixed Convection through an Internally Finned Tube, Advances in Mechanical Engineering.
Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2012(ID 918342), pp. 10 pages,

Thermal stresses that arise due to rectification, should be removed as it can affect the depth at which compressive stresses exist.
Thereby, the residual stresses of mechanical origin result naturally after the mechanical processing or by cold pressing and mechanical treatments (straightening, stamping, autofretting, shot peening, rolling), which lead to non-uniform plastic deformation that occur in case of machine parts and mechanical structures overload.
Fig. 6 Distribution of residual stresses for samples of alloyed steel with Cr and Mo subjected to the tensile and compression tests [5] Fig. 7 Distributions of residual stresses caused by mechanical and thermal treatments in case of alloy steels [5] Fig. 8 Fracture strength values for samples with compressive stresses, tensile stresses and without induced residual stresses [5] Operations of turning, milling, broaching and finishing operations such as rectification, polishing and honing significantly affect the fatigue strength, the dominant factor being the residual tension.
In the case of cutting manufacturing processes, an important factor that must be considered is the effect of removal of the particles of material [5].
Proeedings, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, 177(25): pp. 676-685, 1963

Introduction A significant anisotropy of mechanical properties in cold-rolled duplex steels is not only the result of the specific morphology of ferrite-austenite structure after deformation (i.e. grain shape and phase arrangement) but also strongly depends on the crystallographic textures of the constituent phases [1, 2].
Thus the factors affecting a development and formation of the final rolling textures in ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are the subject of increasing interest [3÷8].
Among the important factors, which should be taken into account when analysing texture evolution upon coldrolling of duplex type steels are the initial orientations of both constituent phases after casting and subsequent thermo-mechanical treatment [3,7,8].
The important factor affecting the texture development is the specific band-like morphology of twophase structure, which reduces significant lattice rotations especially at higher deformations and restrains a development of typical rolling textures within the ferrite and austenite bands (Fig. 4a,b).
Some discontinuities in texture formation of constituent phases are apparently affected by strain partitioning between ferrite and austenite in the course of rolling.