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Several investigations reported that the application of CICs caused a reduction in fatigue life [1,2], while some reported that CICs were beneficial in terms of fatigue performance[3,4].
The treated specimens were tested using six different peak load levels (10 kN, 8 kN, 7 kN, 5 kN, and 4 kN), providing more data points in the S-N curve.
Using the data obtained, cracks initiated at two different locations: at an area of fretting damage, and at the hole edge area.
The presence of the CIC can also change the fatigue life of the specimens substantially; in these initial results the life reduction is up to a factor of two or three.

From the XRD test data can also be shown the crystal size and crystallinity of the Al doping ZnO samples.
Due to the increased electron scattering at grain boundaries and scattering centers, the electron mobility decreases [19].When the temperature increases, the carrier concentration increased and was caused by the increased amount of oxygen released and scattering electron reduction at grain boundaries which generates increased crystallization [20].
However, at high temperature (> 1400ºC) abnormal grain growth of ZnO and formed ZnAl2O4 phase began to appear that will increase electron scattering at the grain boundaries thus reducing the mobility of electrons which impact on the reduction of electric conductivity.
Conclusion From the data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: 1.

According to the literature data, the majority of studies are devoted to titanium surface strengthening using laser beam processing.
The surface scanning was performed in an incremental mode; the data collection lasted for 5 seconds for each point.
At the same time, a positive influence of these inclusions on the friction coefficient reduction could be expected [5].
This fact is explained by the reduction of size and volume fraction of hard titanium carbide particles.

In addition, LaOx have not full electron fill in 4f inner shell, it was found after be injected La in catalyst that cathode not only had better oxygen reduction activities, but also could reduce solubility of catalytic phase [2].
In addition, made use of Eq. (4), we also took data charting about cathode hydrogen evolution polarization value and calculation of i0 in these samples respectively, △E was changed from -0.04V to -0.005V, and these results in balance value were shown in Table 2.
In addition, La3+ content in membrane electrode surface would be rising along with magnified flow of O2 in manufacturing process, it would afford better oxygen reduction capacity in cathode [2].
Therefore, via comprehensive comparison about these data, it would be found that F-4 sample had best hydrogen evolution properties (i0: 4.562mA·cm-2), lower energy consumption (Ed: -0.223V vs SCE) and highest cost performance (ESA: 46.2811m2·g-1).

This data give positive expectation of aging step which resulted higher sample density in the time aging of 4 h with the value of 5.846 g/cm3.
The pictures also displayed that the bonding effect of low vacuum cured sample was showed more tight adhesion of particles than the atmospheric one which deals with the sample density data as seen in Fig. 3a.
Compared with the atmospheric cured SEM images seen in Fig. 4a showed that the less tight and lower density value of the sample were correlated with reduction of coated surface of particles with bonding agent after exposed in longer aging time.
The reduction of oxygen content from the curing environment also showed a tighter particle bonding in low vacuum cured samples which gives a better density thus enhanced the magnetic properties of the bonded Pr-Fe-B magnets.

Introduction A planetary gear reducer of less tooth difference with biasing crankshaft is widely applied in national defense, metallurgy, mine, transportation and instrument industries etc because it has many advantages, such as with compact structure, bigger reduction ratio，small size, light weight, high transmission efficiency, high carrying capacity, good coaxality of input and output[1].
The reduction of tooth difference significantly increases the transmission ratio, also brings the problem of profile overlap interference.
Tab.2 The comparison of the calculation results of the different step lengths Gs 0.600 0.8523 2.42 1.1337 0.6 0.05047 0.788 1.0359 2.345 1.1146 0.6 0.0500 The data of the first line is the results obtained when the step size takes 0.01, the data of the second line is the results when the step size takes 0.001.

The result shows that the semi-cured condition of the GLARE has a good effect on wrinkling reduction, due to the uniform movement of the fiberglass inside the aluminum layers.
Therefore, the reduction of manufacturing costs is a critical element for the widespread usage of GLARE laminates in the aerospace industry.[2] The second method is to use multilayered blank stamp forming technique using press forming or hydroforming, generally used to produce complex and smaller FML parts such as cups, cones, shrouds, casings, etc. which are not possible to be gotten by conventional single blank forming .
The main reason for the reduction in LDR is due to the friction between the blank flange and the die.
The elastic and plastic properties of the aluminum coupled with the engineering constants and expansion factor this data imported into the simulation.
In Fig.10 wall thickness distribution diagram along diameter distance of the three-layer blank is represented, the middle layer is woven glass fiber with a thickness of 0.2 mm, upper and lower are aluminum layer with an initial thickness of 0.5 mm, the maximum thinning region, occurs on the punch summit area, about 5% for the middle layer, due to the low elastic modulus of glass fiber layer, and the maximum thickness reduction for the Al layers is about 11.3%.

During the test, the force-displacement data is recorded.
The reproducibility of the force-displacement data and the local deformation data is tested with two different dies.
Force-displacement data The measured deviations are presumed to be normal fluctuations that result of the complex structure of NCFs.
The deviation of the force-displacement data and the deformation data is small when the same textile is used.
Both the force-displacement data and the deformation data have a maximum deviation of 9 %.

As a result, the process reliability of the measurement data is high.
Thinning reduces the data volume which is often required for further processing steps.
Some software is limited to a certain number of points or it takes a long time to process the high data volume.
The manufacturing system uses these data and builds up the part layer by layer.
They can be determined in most cases by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and are usually specified in data sheets of additive materials.

Most of the data have been already reported previously [4] and here reproposed only for clarity of comprehension.
Strength and hardness and toughness data reported in the present paper are averaged over 5 measurements.
Averaged data are 5.6 GPa for materials fired at 1090 °C, 5.4 GPa for those fired at 1140 °C and 5.2 GPa for the reference tile.
The fourth column reports data measured on the reference commercial tile.
Data conflict could be therefore explained by taking into account the different heat transfer forms which take place during the two types of firing processes.