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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Li Wei Chu, Shu Li Wang, Yan Zhong
According to JJF 1059-1999[6] atomic fluorescence spectrometry was applied to test of selenium content in the shiitake and the analysis of the uncertainty evaluation for the laboratory in the test process to provide the reference to further improve the reliability of testing data and consistency.
Measuring principle and Method Measuring principle: the sample after acid heating digestion, low selenium, selenium was oxidized into 4 price in 6 mol/L HCL medium, 6 price reduction of selenium of 4 price selenium.
Cooling, add 6 mol/L HCL 10 mL, then put in digesters micro boiling heat and keep 3 ~ 5 min, to fully hexavalent selenium reduction into quadrivalence selenium.
Using least squares method, standard curve equation was made according to the measured data: A=476.2143+9.2929C, the correlation coefficient r=0.9928.
Measuring principle and Method Measuring principle: the sample after acid heating digestion, low selenium, selenium was oxidized into 4 price in 6 mol/L HCL medium, 6 price reduction of selenium of 4 price selenium.
Cooling, add 6 mol/L HCL 10 mL, then put in digesters micro boiling heat and keep 3 ~ 5 min, to fully hexavalent selenium reduction into quadrivalence selenium.
Using least squares method, standard curve equation was made according to the measured data: A=476.2143+9.2929C, the correlation coefficient r=0.9928.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Joanna Strug
However, migration to higher level of abstraction promises several benefits: costs reduction and scalability to other than software domains are the most important of them.
Finally the data resulting from applying mutation testing to the systems were collected.
Data collected during the experiment were used to calculate, for the evaluated mutation operators, their contribution factors (CF), mutation scores (MS) and impact indicators (II).
However, migration to the higher level of abstraction, though it may decrease the costs of applying mutation testing by itself, would not solve the costs reduction problem entirely.
Finally the data resulting from applying mutation testing to the systems were collected.
Data collected during the experiment were used to calculate, for the evaluated mutation operators, their contribution factors (CF), mutation scores (MS) and impact indicators (II).
However, migration to the higher level of abstraction, though it may decrease the costs of applying mutation testing by itself, would not solve the costs reduction problem entirely.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Lei Cao, Xue Nan Mu
According to the research data indicate that shape coefficient increased 0.01 per heat consumption index increased by about 2.5%.
So in order to serve the purpose of energy conservation, reduce indoor heat loss should be combined with the use of the function, select the appropriate plane shape, try to avoid uneven shape, measures often used are: (l) For the purpose of energy-saving construction, a joint column for each additional unit, that will reduce building a wall, its exterior wall area shrinks, also a corresponding reduction in shape factor.
(3) When the standard floor area is the same, raise deep into the building, will be a corresponding reduction in shape coefficient relative, right angle and square shape coefficient is minimum.
Data show that high absorption black roofing material, surface and ambient temperature difference may be as high as 50 ℃; while high light reflective roofing materials, the temperature difference of only 11.1 ℃, roof color the more light, the better the energy saving effect.
So in order to serve the purpose of energy conservation, reduce indoor heat loss should be combined with the use of the function, select the appropriate plane shape, try to avoid uneven shape, measures often used are: (l) For the purpose of energy-saving construction, a joint column for each additional unit, that will reduce building a wall, its exterior wall area shrinks, also a corresponding reduction in shape factor.
(3) When the standard floor area is the same, raise deep into the building, will be a corresponding reduction in shape coefficient relative, right angle and square shape coefficient is minimum.
Data show that high absorption black roofing material, surface and ambient temperature difference may be as high as 50 ℃; while high light reflective roofing materials, the temperature difference of only 11.1 ℃, roof color the more light, the better the energy saving effect.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Da Yong Lu, Xiu Yun Sun, Yan Dong Wang, Dan Dan Han, Qiao Li Liu
XRD data were collected between 20° ≤ 2θ ≤ 85°.
The comparison in unit cell volume (V0) of the samples is shown in Fig.3, where the lattice data of the tetragonal (a = 3.994 Å, c = 4.038 Å, V0 = 64.41 Å3, from JCPDS Cards: No. 5-626) and cubic BaTiO3 (a = 4.031 Å, V0 = 65.50 Å3, from JCPDS Cards: No. 31-174) are also given.
However, a large number of Ti vacancies exist in the latter, which should cause a significant reduction in V0.
A lower dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.02) was observed, which is attributed to the reduction of impurities Mn3+ or Mn4+ to Mn2+ based on the sextet signal of Mn2+ in CeCa5 (Fig. 6).
The comparison in unit cell volume (V0) of the samples is shown in Fig.3, where the lattice data of the tetragonal (a = 3.994 Å, c = 4.038 Å, V0 = 64.41 Å3, from JCPDS Cards: No. 5-626) and cubic BaTiO3 (a = 4.031 Å, V0 = 65.50 Å3, from JCPDS Cards: No. 31-174) are also given.
However, a large number of Ti vacancies exist in the latter, which should cause a significant reduction in V0.
A lower dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.02) was observed, which is attributed to the reduction of impurities Mn3+ or Mn4+ to Mn2+ based on the sextet signal of Mn2+ in CeCa5 (Fig. 6).
Online since: January 2010
Authors: J.S. Santos, E. Ono, Carlos Kenichi Suzuki
Further, this nanoscale control can represent
the beginning of the theoretical limit reduction of attenuation caused by Rayleigh scattering and the
development of the next generation very low attenuation optical fiber.
The SAXS data were processed through the GNOM software [12].
Through this analysis of boule C GNOM curves, it was possible to understand the general tendency in terms of nanoparticles size distribution along the boule radial positions: a gradual reduction of the structural homogeneity from center region to outer diameter region due to characteristics of the VAD method deposition.
By correlating the data of table 2 and refractive index homogeneity (∆n), defined as the difference between maximum and minimum values of refractive index, it was observed that SD and α do not have a significant influence on the ∆n.
The SAXS data were processed through the GNOM software [12].
Through this analysis of boule C GNOM curves, it was possible to understand the general tendency in terms of nanoparticles size distribution along the boule radial positions: a gradual reduction of the structural homogeneity from center region to outer diameter region due to characteristics of the VAD method deposition.
By correlating the data of table 2 and refractive index homogeneity (∆n), defined as the difference between maximum and minimum values of refractive index, it was observed that SD and α do not have a significant influence on the ∆n.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Hidehiro Onodera, Masato Shimono
In the simulation, we pay special attention on the enthalpy
change and the free-volume reduction in isothermal annealing, the atomic motions during the
relaxation process, and the change of local icosahedral symmetry in the annealed glass.
As shown in Fig. 2, the simulation data can be fitted well and the fitted parameters are = 0.51 and = 3.9 ns for T = 580 K and = 0.85 and = 0.48 ns for T = 700 K.
In Fig. 3 all enthalpy data averaged over every 1000 MD steps for a Zr40Cu60 glassy alloy annealed at 700 K are shown by triangles for the beginning 1 ns annealing time in the linear scale.
A network structure of the icosahedral clusters is formed in glassy states and it grows as the relaxation goes on, and its growth causes the free-volume reduction in the glassy phases.
As shown in Fig. 2, the simulation data can be fitted well and the fitted parameters are = 0.51 and = 3.9 ns for T = 580 K and = 0.85 and = 0.48 ns for T = 700 K.
In Fig. 3 all enthalpy data averaged over every 1000 MD steps for a Zr40Cu60 glassy alloy annealed at 700 K are shown by triangles for the beginning 1 ns annealing time in the linear scale.
A network structure of the icosahedral clusters is formed in glassy states and it grows as the relaxation goes on, and its growth causes the free-volume reduction in the glassy phases.
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Qun Shan Ye, Shao Peng Wu
With
these shift factors, the test data of complex shear modulus collected at different temperatures can be
shifted relative to the time of loading (or frequency), so that the various curves can be aligned to form
a single master curve.
The reduction of phase angle would result in the improvement of resistance to permanent deformation for asphalt binders and mixtures. 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 1.E+10 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Frequency /rad/s Complex Shear M odulus /Pa Origin Cellulose Fiber Polyester Fiber Mineral Fiber 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.00.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Frequency /Rad/s Phase angle /° Origin Cellulose fiber Polyester fiber Mineral fiber Fig. 1 Effects of fiber on the masters curve of asphalt binders Fig. 2 Phase angle for fiber reinforced asphalt binders 0.E+00 5.E-03 1.E-02 2.E-02 2.E-02 3.E-02 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time /S Strain /mm Origin Mineral Fiber Cellulose Fiber Polyester Fiber 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07 1 10 100 1000 LOG Creep Modulus [Pa] LOG (t) [S] Origin Cellulose Fiber Polyester Fiber Mineral Fiber Fig. 3 Creep stain curves for fiber
The contribution of fibers to reduction of these strains can be ordered as: polyester fiber, mineral fiber and cellulose fiber.
The data of creep modulus can be used to define the coefficients of functions for all asphalt binders containing fibers by the least square fitting method in Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet.
The reduction of phase angle would result in the improvement of resistance to permanent deformation for asphalt binders and mixtures. 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 1.E+10 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Frequency /rad/s Complex Shear M odulus /Pa Origin Cellulose Fiber Polyester Fiber Mineral Fiber 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.00.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Frequency /Rad/s Phase angle /° Origin Cellulose fiber Polyester fiber Mineral fiber Fig. 1 Effects of fiber on the masters curve of asphalt binders Fig. 2 Phase angle for fiber reinforced asphalt binders 0.E+00 5.E-03 1.E-02 2.E-02 2.E-02 3.E-02 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time /S Strain /mm Origin Mineral Fiber Cellulose Fiber Polyester Fiber 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07 1 10 100 1000 LOG Creep Modulus [Pa] LOG (t) [S] Origin Cellulose Fiber Polyester Fiber Mineral Fiber Fig. 3 Creep stain curves for fiber
The contribution of fibers to reduction of these strains can be ordered as: polyester fiber, mineral fiber and cellulose fiber.
The data of creep modulus can be used to define the coefficients of functions for all asphalt binders containing fibers by the least square fitting method in Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet.
Online since: February 2008
Authors: Cheng Hsing Hsu, Hsin Han Tung, Chun Hung Lai, Man Hsiang Chung
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of CeO2 ceramics at different sintering temperatures with 1 wt% ZnO addition
Table I EDS data of grain boundaries of CeO2 specimens with various ZnO additions.
Table I shows the EDS data of grain boundaries of ZnO-doped CeO2 specimen at different sintering temperatures.
Due to not only the observed grains of CeO2 ceramics with 1 wt% ZnO addition being more uniform than those of others but also a revealed reduction in lattice imperfection and dielectric loss, the decrease in the Q×f values for highly ZnO-doped CeO2 ceramics could be a result of the grain morphology as well as the low Q×f of the liquid phase.
A large sintering temperature reduction (100-200 o C) can be achieved by adding ZnO to the CeO2 ceramics.
Table I shows the EDS data of grain boundaries of ZnO-doped CeO2 specimen at different sintering temperatures.
Due to not only the observed grains of CeO2 ceramics with 1 wt% ZnO addition being more uniform than those of others but also a revealed reduction in lattice imperfection and dielectric loss, the decrease in the Q×f values for highly ZnO-doped CeO2 ceramics could be a result of the grain morphology as well as the low Q×f of the liquid phase.
A large sintering temperature reduction (100-200 o C) can be achieved by adding ZnO to the CeO2 ceramics.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Lian Yong Wang, Jiu Ju Cai, Jing Fan Zhang, Lei Dai
This technology not only removes outer heat source used in the traditional Roasting technology, but also increases the concentration of SO2 in flue gas, so it can provide technical support for the energy conservation and emission reduction of molybdenum concentrate roasting.
From the calculation of heat balance, the data of 1# rotary furnace of China Molybdenum Co., Ltd. can be achieved: the actual recovery rate is 96%, the fuel consumption is 93.75kg/h, the fuel consumption of unit product is 275kgce/ton, heat of flue gas and heat dissipation of surface accounts for 56% and 33.3% respectively, of total heat consumption, which means that most of heat is carried away by the two items.
The increase of SO2 concentration in roasting flue gas will be beneficial for the producing sulfuric acid and Na2SO3, and the cost reduction of flue gas treatment
Compared with the data before renovation, heat loss of flue gas is cut in almost half and heat dissipation of surface is greatly reduced, which are attributed to the decrease of flue gas volume and the installation of heat exchanger, respectively.
From the calculation of heat balance, the data of 1# rotary furnace of China Molybdenum Co., Ltd. can be achieved: the actual recovery rate is 96%, the fuel consumption is 93.75kg/h, the fuel consumption of unit product is 275kgce/ton, heat of flue gas and heat dissipation of surface accounts for 56% and 33.3% respectively, of total heat consumption, which means that most of heat is carried away by the two items.
The increase of SO2 concentration in roasting flue gas will be beneficial for the producing sulfuric acid and Na2SO3, and the cost reduction of flue gas treatment
Compared with the data before renovation, heat loss of flue gas is cut in almost half and heat dissipation of surface is greatly reduced, which are attributed to the decrease of flue gas volume and the installation of heat exchanger, respectively.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Tatyana Plotnikova, Galina Chernysheva, Vera Smol'yakova, Aleksandr Kuchin, Irina Chukicheva, Mark Plotnikov, Pyotr P. Shchetinin
Verification of the ligation accuracy and the adequacy of the model was monitored based on the degree of height variation of ST-segment in the ECG data.
Statistical analysis of the data was performed using standard functions of the statistical software package “Statistica 10”.
The reduction in pathological changes in heart rhythm and decreased number of rats with the most severe type of arrhythmia (ventricular fibrillation) has resulted into a decrease in the mortality of animals protected with dibornol in the reperfusion period.
The reduction of mortality in animals protected by dibornol was due to its antiarrhythmic effect that manifests itself mainly in the reperfusion period.
Statistical analysis of the data was performed using standard functions of the statistical software package “Statistica 10”.
The reduction in pathological changes in heart rhythm and decreased number of rats with the most severe type of arrhythmia (ventricular fibrillation) has resulted into a decrease in the mortality of animals protected with dibornol in the reperfusion period.
The reduction of mortality in animals protected by dibornol was due to its antiarrhythmic effect that manifests itself mainly in the reperfusion period.