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The results show that soilbags have a relatively high damping ratio and variable horizontal stiffness so that they can be used as base isolation materials.
Besides, soilbags are cheap and easy to acquire; furthermore the materials inside soilbags may be various construction wastes, such as crushed concrete, asphalt and tile wastes.
If used in the reconstruction of earthquake-affected areas, this technology contributes greatly to the recycling of waste materials.
Fig.5 shows the variation of G withσv andγof soilbags filled with different materials at the maximum shear strain of 1%.
References [1] Li Hongnan, Wang Suyan,　Jia Junhui: Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Vol. 17 (1997), P.73 (in Chinese) [2] Li Aiqun: Journal of Southeast University Vol. 21 (1991), P.130 (in Chinese) [3] Ajay Sharma and R.S.Jangid: Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 38 (2009), P.186 [4] Mark A.

The emergence of bioceramic materials dates back several decades, with the evolution of materials and technologies aiming to address biomedical and healthcare challenges.
It was in the early 2000s that the Materials Science Division of DOST-ITDI has successfully developed a low-cost porous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic consisting of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and HAP for use as an anophthalmic socket and orbital floor implant [9,10].
Nano precipitated calcium carbonate produced by the Materials Science Division of DOST-ITDI was used as an alternative to the local limestone.
Potestio, Materials Science and Engineering C: Materials for Biological Applications 69, 1410-1428 (2016)
Abano, Philippine Journal of Science 129 (2), 93-99 (2000)

Effect of heat treatment parameters on the actuator materials is investigated.
Ritchie: Mechanical Fatigue and Fracture of Nitinol, International Materials Reviews Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Vol 57 (2012), p. 1-36 [6] L.
Coda: SmartFlex NiTi Wires for Shape Memory Actuators, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Vol 18 (2008), p. 691-695
Elahinia, An Automotive SMA Mirror Actuator: Modeling, Design, and Experimental Evaluation, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures Vol 19 (2008), p. 1425-1434
Farag: Effect of cold work and annealing on the structure and characteristics of NiTi alloy, Materials Science and Engineering A Vol 519 (2009) p. 155-166

Wei, L.C Lee, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol 42 (2008), pp. 2039 – 2050. 11.
Gupta, Materials Science and Engineering A ,Vol. 466 (2007), pp. 32–37. 13.
Gupta, Journal of Materials Science , Vol. 46 (2011), pp 4588-4597. 14.
Yue, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 135, (1991), pp. 247-252. 23.
Cheng, Materials Science Technology, Vol. 15 (1999), pp. 1139-1146. 26.

With the increase of particle size of the raw materials, combustion temperature and propagating rate will both reduce.
Tamburini: Materials Science Reports, 3 (1989), pp. 277 [2] J.
Tédenac: Materials Research Bulletin, 35 (2000), pp. 233 [6] Z.Y.
Munir: Journal of Materials Science. 21 (1986), pp. 251 [11] A.
Merzhanov: in Combustion and Plasma Synthesis of High-temperature Materials, edited by Z.

Finally, the micro-morphology of materials were investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM).
Raw Materials.
The micro x-ray 3-d imaging system with 1.5μm resolution is used to detect the internal structure of composite materials.
Zhou, Mathematical model for determination of strand twist angle and diameter in stranded wire helical springs, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 24 (6) (2010) 1203-1210
Montaudon, Novoltex textures for thermostructural materials, Joint Propulsion Conference, 1991

The stiffness coefficients of the material are: , , , , , , , .
Material properties are chosen to be ν = 0.3, E = 69627MPa, ρ = 2.7 ×10-6 kg/mm3.
(In Chinese) [6] The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechnics: Report on Advances in Mechanics 2006-2007, edited by China Association for Science and Technology, Science Press, Beijing (2007), p. 85 – 91
[10] Guanghui Qing, Jiajun Qiu and Na Ta: Journal of Vibration Engineering, Vol. 17(3) (2004), p. 11 – 17
K.: International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 6(3) (1970), p. 1463 – 1481

Journal of Materials Research, 2014,29(07):896-901
Journal of materials science letters, 2003,22(20):1427-1429
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2010,527(29):7955-7960
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2011,528(13):4732-4739
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2013,560:278-287

The convection of heat in foam materials have distinguished structural properties such as high thermal conductivity, low density and large surface area per unit volume.
Foam has a quality of selective blockage, extraction of liquids including oils from porous materials.
Procedia Materials Science, 4 (2014) 341 – 346 [3]G.
Journal of Heat Transfer, 122(3) (2000) 557-565
Hu, Study of pool boiling and critical heat flux enhancement in nanofluids, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences, 55(2) (2007) 211-216

Plasma Oxidation of Patterned Mo Nanowires for Precise and Uniform Dry Etching Ivan Erofeev1,2,a, Muhaimin Mareum Khan1,2,b, Zainul Aabdin3,c, Angshuman Ray Chowdhuri4,d, Antoine Pacco5,e, Harold Philipsen5,f, Frank Holsteyns5,g and Utkur Mirsaidov1,2,6,7,h* 1Center for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117557, Singapore 2Center for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Center, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore 3Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117453, Singapore 5imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium 6Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore 7Department of Materials
Materials and Methods Sample preparation.
Sanchez, Etching of Molybdenum via a Combination of Low-Temperature Ozone Oxidation and Wet-Chemical Oxide Dissolution, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 41 (2023) 032601
Hess, Molybdenum Etching with Chlorine Atoms and Molecular Chlorine Plasmas, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena 6 (1988) 1577
Chae, Low-Temperature Plasma Atomic Layer Etching of Molybdenum via Sequential Oxidation and Chlorination, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 40 (2022) 022602