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Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher ) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Oriented Collagen-Based/Hydroxyapatite Matrices for Articular Cartilage Replacement Rolf Zehbe 1, Ulrich Gross2 and Helmut Schubert3 1 TU Berlin, Institute of Materials Science and Technologies, Englische Strasse 20, 10587 Berlin, Germany, rolf.zehbe@tu-berlin.de 2 FU Berlin, Clinical Centre Benjamin Franklin, Department of Experimental Dentistry and Oral Biology, Aßmannshauser Strasse 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany, ugross@zedat.fu-berlin.de 3 TU Berlin, Institute of Materials Science and Technologies, Englische Strasse 20, 10587 Berlin, Germany, schubert@ms.tu-berlin.de Keywords: tissue engineering, articular cartilage replacement, mechanical stimulation, hydrogel foam, gelatine, collagen, directional freezing, biomimetic crystallization Abstract.
To use synthetic materials as cartilage tissue replacement many different properties of the natural system must be considered.
For these materials porous foams based on natural and synthetic polymers were proposed by different authors.
Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Materials and Methods In this study we used bovine explants from 24 months old female cows.
All equipment was build using materials commonly applied in medical science and was designed to enable sterile handling.

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Introduction Lightweight soil generally refers to the engineering materials with density less than that of natural soil.
Test materials The main raw materials used in the analysis are sludge, lightweight material, cement and water, etc.
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In the process, metal nitrate is used as raw materials, citric acid as combustion agent, and ammonium nitrate as assistant combustion agent.
The materials are dissolved in water to form solution in accordance with the need ratio.
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Using higher performing materials can mitigate these problems, but fabricating tools from these materials significantly increase their cost.
PREP powders are preferred for LPD processing of these materials.
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