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Although the risk of failure due to tension perpendicular to the grain in the anchorage regions exists, it is not specifically studied in here, due to the limited scope of the study.
This may be done in a number of ways, offering more or less tricky procedures for on-site or new structures applications.
This has been done by a number of authors, [1],[2],[3], also for rehabilitation purposes [4].
A theoretical study leads to a reduction of wood volume in the range 20-40%, though that value depends on a number of parameters, such as span, cross section of the beam, strength grade, level and eccentricity of the compressive force.
While the system being tested is intended for the production of prestressed glulam beams, the laboratory has no specific device for the bonding of the closing lamella with the usual adhesives such as PRF or U-F, requiring the application of a (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2 –Production: a) Prestressing of the wire b) Placing the bottom plank c) Sikadur 30N d) Icosit KC220N significant perpendicular to the grain compressive stress for some hours.

The thin and weak lines with wave numbers between 700.25 and 770.50 cm-1 are attributed to valence bond vibrations SiO due to the presence of quartz in the samples and bond vibrations MO [17], [18].
The texture of the spherical-shaped grains is unconsolidated with spacings (100-µm and 500-µm magnification).
This analysis shows that the cores of the grains, which are rounded or elongated, are essentially rich in Al and Si elements.
As for the grain boundaries, they are rich in Si, Fe, C and O, and K as reported by this author [16].
In order to better appreciate the elemental chemical composition of the grains and grain boundaries, a mapping for each element has been carried out.

In addition, a large number of cracks intersect on the deposite surface, resulting in large peeled area.
Some cracks propagated along grain boundaries.
There a large number of inclusions exist in the edge of the crack.
The coarse columnar crystal not only reduced the total grain boundary areas, weakened the strength, but also made the segregation more seriously, which would be easy for the formation of intergranular crack.
A large number of cracks may intersect the surface of the worn surface, resulting in large peeled area, as shown in Fig.1 (b) and Fig.4.

Their study revealed that the creep performance of the joints is connected to the massive precipitation of Laves phase on the grain boundaries of the fine-grained HAZ of the P92 alloy.
The microstructure of 316 SS BM consists of delta-ferrite in equiaxed-grains austenite matrix.
At the delta-ferrite grain boundaries, additional solid-state cooling starts the austenite phase's formation.
Almost all ferrite grain areas are occupied by the austenite nucleated at the delta-ferrite grain boundaries, which grows and results in a high-volume fraction of austenite within the microstructure [53].
The HAZ microstructure at the side of AISI 316 BM and API 5L X56 has had notable changes and significant grain growth, which can be attributed to this phenomenon.  

Gallium also presents the possibility of localized formation of a very low melting point (~27 ºC) grain boundary eutectic phase [13].
Vanadium is known to have a small beneficial grain refining effect [13] although in the presence of the conventional titanium boride-based grain refiners it seems to have no effect [15].
The grain size after heat treatment was smaller, formability slightly decreased and strength increased around 10% in the AlMgSi material with V addition.
Nickel can also have some effect on "fir tree" grain structure in 1000 series alloys and give unwanted variation in anodizing response.
A number of patented acid leaching processes [36] have been investigated for V removal from carbonaceous materials.

Fig. 3 Effect of feeding pressure on distribution rate of different grain sizes in underflow With increasing feed pressure, the curve moves to the left and becomes steeper; the classification accuracy increases; and the grading particle size decreases.
When the feed pressure increases from 0.04 to 0.05 MPa, the coarse-grained distribution ratio decreases, indicating that the overflow runs coarser.
This is mainly because the flow rate of the flushing water does not exceed the tangential velocity of the deposited layer particles, which are required to perform the cleaning action under the condition of low flushing water pressure, so that the addition of the flushing water destroys the stratified stable flow layer, and the coarse-grained particles pass.
However, the content of the 0.125- to 0.045-mm grain size in the overflow increases with the pressure of the flushing water.
(4) The best parameter combination of fine-grained coal super subdivision test is feed pressure 0.03 MPa, rinse water pressure 0.02 MPa, and feed concentration 12.50%, which provide a classification efficiency of 91.32%.

XRD spectra of this sample indicated this SBN glass-ceramics contained a large number of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 crystalline phase and a small amount of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 phase.
To obtain glass-ceramic state of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6, taking the same molar of Sr2+ and Ba2+, besides, adding as much as possible Nb2O5 under the premise of non-crystallization can ensure the formation of a large number of SBN nuclei during the process of later treatment stage.
By XRD measurement, we analyze the content of the generated Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 glass-ceramic and to calculate Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 grain size.

A number of topics were highlighted in the scope of special sessions and some of the presented papers are collected in this volume: FLOW SYSTEMS, DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION (SS1) (by A.F.
Belova), GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND INTERFACES: STRUCTURE, THERMODYNAMICS AND DIFFUSION PROPERTIES (SS3) (by V.V.
The large number of presented papers emphasises the considerable academic and industrial interest in the conference theme.

Fig.1 Main structure of plot seeder 1.lifting rod; 2.support fixing device; 3.storage device; 4.seed-filling device; 5.stepping motor; 6.DC motor; 7.frame; 8.land wheel; 9. conveying seed pipe; 10.opener; 11.speed sensor Fig.2 Structure of seed-filling device 1.lifting rod; 2.storage device; 3.seed-filling device; 4.seed-transporting device; 5.support fixing device; 6. contact switch Material, Devices and Methods Material. 180g wheat seed is used as test material. 1000-grain weight is 49.82g, and natural angle of repose is 35º.
According to GT/T 9478-2005 Test Methods of Grain Drill on the homogeneity[2], uniform coefficient of variation on performance of seed-filling device in plot seeder A is calculated by the formula (2)
(2) Where, i—grid number of grid plate (shown in Fig.2); Mi—seed quality in number i grid plate, g; n—grid number of grid plate for test, n=18; A—uniform coefficient of variation, % Test Scheme, Results and Analysis Table 1 Coding table of factors and levels Coding Motion velocity of plot seeder v （m/s） Rotation speed of seed-filling device ω（rad/s） Generatrix length of seed-filling device l （m） Base angle of seed-filling device α （º） +2 1 0.6 0.16 50 +1 0.85 0.5125 0.145 45 0 0.7 0.425 0.13 40 -1 0.55 0.3375 0.115 35 -2 0.4 0.25 0.1 30 △j 0.15 0.0875 0.015 5 The test is held in accordance with four factors quadratic orthogonal rotational combination design.

Study found that in the role of starch, ultrasonic, can speed up the reaction rate, also can make the surface of the starch grain in different degrees of a honeycomb of depression and the whole [3].
,Ltd. ; Liquozyme Supra / 2.2 X amylase, Dextrozyme DX / 1.5: Novozymes (China) Biotechnology Co., Ltd; Soybean oil: Yi Hai (Zhoukou) Grain and Oil Co., Ltd. ; XO-SM50 ultrasonic-microwave reaction system: Nanjing Xian’ou Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.; SEM: Japan HITACHI CO.
Results and Discussion The determination of enzymatic activity [10] Quantitative determination by DNS, α-amylase activity: 488.72U/mL, glucoamylase activity: 1289.90U/mL Enzymolysis starch single factor test experiment Enzyme solution of oil absorption rate of time influence The figure 1 show that in the certain amount of enzyme, due to the number of holes starch, pore diameter and the depth, the reaction time is too short, while oil absorption rate is low; if the reaction time is too long, due to the collapse of the formation the holes and the lower activity enzymes, oil absorption rate of porous starch falls fast.
Table 2 Design and results of orthogonal experiments number A B C D E F G Oil adsorption rate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 74.43 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 118.23 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 82.56 4 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 100.5 5 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 80.62 6 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 110.7 7 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 86.43 8 3 2 3 2 1 3 1 97.42 9 3 3 1 3 2 1 2 99.68 10 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 77.47 11 1 2 1 1 3 3 2 82.91 12 1 3 2 2 1 1 3 88.45 13 2 1 2 3 1 3 2 103.46 14 2 2 3 1 2 1 3 116.35 15 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 101.43 16 3 1 3 2 3 1 2 86.54 17 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 90.54 18 3 3 2 1 2 3 1 95.68 k1 87.34 88.14 91.58 94.42 94.17 91.01 87.84 k2 102.18 97.68 95.48 98.76 101.32 97.47 100.25 k3 92.72 96.42 95.17 89.06 86.75 93.76 94.14 R 14.84 9.54 3.90 9.71 14.57 6.46 12.41 SEM observation starch structure The different hydrolysis of starch conditions, the different sizes porous holes on the starch granules, and very different degrees of density.
Compared with native starch, porous starch seems like honeycomb, the number of the table face is more and density is uniform.