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Online since: June 2025
Authors: Michal Krbat'a, Marcel Kohutiar, Silvia Ďurišová, Iveta Papučová, Petra Skalková, Simona Lokšíková, Oľga Novosádová, Katarína Moricová, Róbert Janík
Experimental data suggest that the plasma process significantly reduces contaminants and enhances the alloy’s wettability.
Plasma modification of the AA2024 surface at all tested distances OSPD0.28 [mm], PAD0.57 [mm], and AD0.99[mm] resulted in a reduction in the contact angle of distilled water.
When the AA2024 surface was modified by plasma at a distance of PAD0.57 [mm], fluorescence decreased from 21,580 to 16,802 F.U., representing a reduction of approximately 22% (-4,771 F.U.).
Evidence for this is the disappearance of characteristic bands, with no further reduction in fluorescence when directly comparing plasma effects at PAD0.57 [mm] and AD0.99 [mm].
This represents a fluorescence reduction of nearly 44% (-6,349 F.U.)
Plasma modification of the AA2024 surface at all tested distances OSPD0.28 [mm], PAD0.57 [mm], and AD0.99[mm] resulted in a reduction in the contact angle of distilled water.
When the AA2024 surface was modified by plasma at a distance of PAD0.57 [mm], fluorescence decreased from 21,580 to 16,802 F.U., representing a reduction of approximately 22% (-4,771 F.U.).
Evidence for this is the disappearance of characteristic bands, with no further reduction in fluorescence when directly comparing plasma effects at PAD0.57 [mm] and AD0.99 [mm].
This represents a fluorescence reduction of nearly 44% (-6,349 F.U.)
Online since: June 2017
Authors: Liang Cai Wu, Feng Rao, Zhi Tang Song, San Nian Song, Bo Liu, Tao Li
We extract the 10-year data retention temperature of the films from Fig. 2 and plot the temperature in Fig. 3.
Even the 10-year data retention of the highest Sb content is least 120℃.
Fig. 3 Crystallization temperature (left) and 10-year data retention temperature (right) of different Sb content of PCM films.
The crystallization temperature of the films synthesized are larger than 200℃ and the 10-year data retention temperature is also high than 120℃.
"Reduction of RESET current in phase change memory devices by carbon doping in GeSbTe films."
Even the 10-year data retention of the highest Sb content is least 120℃.
Fig. 3 Crystallization temperature (left) and 10-year data retention temperature (right) of different Sb content of PCM films.
The crystallization temperature of the films synthesized are larger than 200℃ and the 10-year data retention temperature is also high than 120℃.
"Reduction of RESET current in phase change memory devices by carbon doping in GeSbTe films."
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Er Hong Zhang, Hua Long Zhang
CNC technology is mechanical movement with digital information and work process control technology, data processing is the reverse engineering of important technical aspects, which determines whether the subsequent model reconstruction process easy and accurate manner.
Introduction Free-form surface is an irregular, complex, non-rotary surface, it is difficult to accurately describe mathematical expressions, generally use a large number of discrete data points to describe.
Because you can not have freedom of geometric constraints exist between various types of surface data points, thus making optical designers get great design freedom in the design, which means that if the optical system into the free-form optical components, optical performance can achieve more excellent (such as correcting aberrations, expanding the field of view, increasing the role of distance, improve image quality), and the plurality of spherical, spherical lens may consist of one or a few free-form surface mirror instead, so as to achieve weight reduction, reduce costs and simplify the optical system configuration purposes.
Figure.1 Allowance due to positioning causes uneven schematic In medium-sized surface mold CNC machining CNC machining processing time occupied the majority, therefore, should be to ensure uniform mold surface and processing allowance for the guidelines to improve the processing efficiency of CNC machine tools, positioning must be installed taking into account the limiting block mounting surface or safety surface and a bottom surface, such as machined surface machining datum, to ensure that they have sufficient surface to be machined allowance.
Based on the above ideas, the positioning of the work piece into the work piece blank point measurement data and CAD models to the difference between the square on the plane and take the minimum distance problem.
Introduction Free-form surface is an irregular, complex, non-rotary surface, it is difficult to accurately describe mathematical expressions, generally use a large number of discrete data points to describe.
Because you can not have freedom of geometric constraints exist between various types of surface data points, thus making optical designers get great design freedom in the design, which means that if the optical system into the free-form optical components, optical performance can achieve more excellent (such as correcting aberrations, expanding the field of view, increasing the role of distance, improve image quality), and the plurality of spherical, spherical lens may consist of one or a few free-form surface mirror instead, so as to achieve weight reduction, reduce costs and simplify the optical system configuration purposes.
Figure.1 Allowance due to positioning causes uneven schematic In medium-sized surface mold CNC machining CNC machining processing time occupied the majority, therefore, should be to ensure uniform mold surface and processing allowance for the guidelines to improve the processing efficiency of CNC machine tools, positioning must be installed taking into account the limiting block mounting surface or safety surface and a bottom surface, such as machined surface machining datum, to ensure that they have sufficient surface to be machined allowance.
Based on the above ideas, the positioning of the work piece into the work piece blank point measurement data and CAD models to the difference between the square on the plane and take the minimum distance problem.
Online since: February 2025
Authors: Peter Binali Mbewe, Kevin G. Mcguigan, Christabel Yollandah Kambala, Desire C. Mussa
Meteonorm is a unique combination of reliable data sources and a sophisticated meteorological calculation tool.
Meteonorm has powerful mathematical algorithms that generate weather data for any location globally [15].
Meteonorm includes global data on solar radiation, temperature, sunshine hours, and precipitation.
Average hourly UV intensity data was correlated with microbial reduction rates.
Average hourly solar UV intensity data was correlated with microbial reduction rates.
Meteonorm has powerful mathematical algorithms that generate weather data for any location globally [15].
Meteonorm includes global data on solar radiation, temperature, sunshine hours, and precipitation.
Average hourly UV intensity data was correlated with microbial reduction rates.
Average hourly solar UV intensity data was correlated with microbial reduction rates.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Xue Jiao Dong, Xiao Yan Zhang
But when clustering the big data set, FCM algorithm is extremely time-consuming, moreover, regarding to the image of low signal-to-noise ratio, the segmentation result is not very ideal.
If the region has been known, adopting the common segmentation methods based on the intensity can evaluate the flame region easily, thus the correct data is gained.
This improved FCM algorithm increases the effect of image segmentation, but regarding to the big data sets, the algorithm is still time-consuming and the image segmentation effect needs to be improved.
Experiment result Algorithm Reduction number of the wrong classification The Surpassing proportion to FCM FCM 15 M-FCM 5 20% Figure 1(c) The final processing results Figure 1 (b) Intermediate processing results Figure 1 (a) Original image Figure 2 (c) The final processing results Figure 2 (a) Original image Figure 2 (b) Intermediate processing results Conclusion The image segmentation is the important content of the mode recognition, image understanding, and the computer vision.
“Progressive sampling schemes for approximate clustering in very large data sets”[C].
If the region has been known, adopting the common segmentation methods based on the intensity can evaluate the flame region easily, thus the correct data is gained.
This improved FCM algorithm increases the effect of image segmentation, but regarding to the big data sets, the algorithm is still time-consuming and the image segmentation effect needs to be improved.
Experiment result Algorithm Reduction number of the wrong classification The Surpassing proportion to FCM FCM 15 M-FCM 5 20% Figure 1(c) The final processing results Figure 1 (b) Intermediate processing results Figure 1 (a) Original image Figure 2 (c) The final processing results Figure 2 (a) Original image Figure 2 (b) Intermediate processing results Conclusion The image segmentation is the important content of the mode recognition, image understanding, and the computer vision.
“Progressive sampling schemes for approximate clustering in very large data sets”[C].
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Song Tao Kong, Ling Jiang, Jiang Tao Wei, Ping Cai
Preliminary results show that gasification technology can not only achieve the sludge volume reduction and get combustible gas, but also can make heavy metals to fix in the ash to leaching toxicity to achieve compliance with safety standards.
The experiments are operated in air atmosphere, heating rate was 10 degrees Celsius per min and final temperature of heating furnace is 600 degrees Celsius conditions. 3 Data processing method of pyrolysis kinetics Activation energy is a very important parameter in kinetic parameters, which is a main parameter of measure reactive substance compounded ability.
Experiment data shown in Tab. 1.
Tab. 1 Data of typical sludge pyrolysis a t T X(1/T) Y 1 0.003749 58.1 331.25 0.003019 -17.1902 2 0.007454 118.1 391.25 0.002556 -16.834 3 0.035152 180.3 453.45 0.002205 -15.564 4 0.082968 240 513.15 0.001949 -14.9274 5 0.306271 264.4 537.55 0.00186 -13.5801 6 0.673359 299.7 572.85 0.001746 -12.5889 7 0.673354 320.9 594.05 0.001683 -12.6616 8 0.61166 360 633.15 0.001579 -12.9571 9 0.594138 420.3 693.45 0.001442 -13.1868 10 0.745503 480 753.15 0.001328 -12.9348 11 0.972366 537.8 810.95 0.001233 -12.1186 Data calculation is complete and fit a line, shown in Fig. 1.
The experiments are operated in air atmosphere, heating rate was 10 degrees Celsius per min and final temperature of heating furnace is 600 degrees Celsius conditions. 3 Data processing method of pyrolysis kinetics Activation energy is a very important parameter in kinetic parameters, which is a main parameter of measure reactive substance compounded ability.
Experiment data shown in Tab. 1.
Tab. 1 Data of typical sludge pyrolysis a t T X(1/T) Y 1 0.003749 58.1 331.25 0.003019 -17.1902 2 0.007454 118.1 391.25 0.002556 -16.834 3 0.035152 180.3 453.45 0.002205 -15.564 4 0.082968 240 513.15 0.001949 -14.9274 5 0.306271 264.4 537.55 0.00186 -13.5801 6 0.673359 299.7 572.85 0.001746 -12.5889 7 0.673354 320.9 594.05 0.001683 -12.6616 8 0.61166 360 633.15 0.001579 -12.9571 9 0.594138 420.3 693.45 0.001442 -13.1868 10 0.745503 480 753.15 0.001328 -12.9348 11 0.972366 537.8 810.95 0.001233 -12.1186 Data calculation is complete and fit a line, shown in Fig. 1.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Rong Yao, Hong Yuan Huang, Dong Ling Peng
Based on the tunnel structure security, the fireproof concretes of tunnel lining have been researched, and have the tensile tests for the fireproof concretes of tunnel lining. [1-3]
Experiment Heater
This experiment heater is shown in fig.1,the chamber size for 900×600×600mm, the maximum temperature may arrive 1200°C, the temperature stability for ±1°C, the temperature uniformity for ±6°C rises, in the elevation of temperature speed 35 minutes may to 1200°C, the silicon-controlled rectifier control, the programmable 10 sections, the PID parameter self regulating decide the function, automatic non-disturbance cut function, excess temperature warning function, accuracy of instrument: 0.2%F.S, the paperless record historical data and the heating curve, may momentarily establish and store up 6 group of craft curves, for momentarily transfers, the PID parameter optimization installation function, the installation good PID parameter may save, for momentarily transfers, the special-purpose
software, uses in demonstrating, control, record historical data and heating curve.
The initial temperature rises rapidly, and along with fuel reduction, but drops gradually.
Table 3 for the tentative data orthogonal analytical table, from the test result analysis, selected the 4th level, the 4th level, the 2nd level for the polypropylene textile fiber, the silica flour and the carbon fiber, the ratio of tensile strength loss is in a small scope.
Fig.5 Test sample tensile strength loss factor change Table 3 Test sample tensile strength orthogonal data analysis K1 169.62 176.07 140.78 K2 105.60 140.26 94.19 K3 164.03 131.77 146.75 K4 100.38 91.55 157.92 k1 42.40 44.02 35.19 k2 26.40 35.06 23.54 k3 41.01 32.94 36.69 k4 25.09 22.89 39.48 range 17.31 21.13 -4.29 scheme A4 B4 C2 Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the JiangXi Jiao Tong Science Foundation (200740).
software, uses in demonstrating, control, record historical data and heating curve.
The initial temperature rises rapidly, and along with fuel reduction, but drops gradually.
Table 3 for the tentative data orthogonal analytical table, from the test result analysis, selected the 4th level, the 4th level, the 2nd level for the polypropylene textile fiber, the silica flour and the carbon fiber, the ratio of tensile strength loss is in a small scope.
Fig.5 Test sample tensile strength loss factor change Table 3 Test sample tensile strength orthogonal data analysis K1 169.62 176.07 140.78 K2 105.60 140.26 94.19 K3 164.03 131.77 146.75 K4 100.38 91.55 157.92 k1 42.40 44.02 35.19 k2 26.40 35.06 23.54 k3 41.01 32.94 36.69 k4 25.09 22.89 39.48 range 17.31 21.13 -4.29 scheme A4 B4 C2 Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the JiangXi Jiao Tong Science Foundation (200740).
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Jiang Yi Liu, Shu Ying Sun
As the control core of system, STM32F103’s instruction execution speed can reach 1.25 DMips / MHz, coupled with its high-speed data processing ability, can very well support expert PID control algorithm and reach real-time, high precision control.
This system uses the absolute encoder of RD60T14-17-5 V - TBB - TMG – 1M, and the angular range of encoder is 0-360 °,the data digit is 17, measuring resolution is 10 '', and accuracy is ±20 ".
Make functions initialization for all of the peripherals of croprocessor STM32F103 be used, then receive absolute encoder data, and calculate the angular speed of rotary table, then read the AD conversion results, and calculate the motor current, at last ,according to control algorithm calculate and output PWM duty ratio to adjust the motor speed [2].
Fig.4 System software process Begin functions initialization receive absolute encoder data read AD conversion results calculate and output PWM The expert PID control algorithm Expert PID control is on the basis of the conventional PID control,and its main characteristic is regulate different algorithms according different partitions.
Expert PID control has the rapidity of Bang - Bang control, and stability and anti-jamming capability of the hysteresis control [3]. e(k) represents the discretization error values at the current sampling time, and respectively represent error values of the former and the former two sampling times, M1 is a big error value, M2 is an appropriate error values, there are: The expert PID controller can be divided into the following five kinds of situation to carry on the design [4] : 1) , controller conducts according to the positive or negative maximum output,. 2), absolute value of error is changing towards the increase, or error is a constant,if , error is some big, and stronger control function is considered to implement. 3) and or , the error absolute value change in the direction of the reduction or has reached the equilibrium state, controller output is considered unchanged. 4) and , the error is in a state of extreme value, if the error absolute value is bigger, namely
This system uses the absolute encoder of RD60T14-17-5 V - TBB - TMG – 1M, and the angular range of encoder is 0-360 °,the data digit is 17, measuring resolution is 10 '', and accuracy is ±20 ".
Make functions initialization for all of the peripherals of croprocessor STM32F103 be used, then receive absolute encoder data, and calculate the angular speed of rotary table, then read the AD conversion results, and calculate the motor current, at last ,according to control algorithm calculate and output PWM duty ratio to adjust the motor speed [2].
Fig.4 System software process Begin functions initialization receive absolute encoder data read AD conversion results calculate and output PWM The expert PID control algorithm Expert PID control is on the basis of the conventional PID control,and its main characteristic is regulate different algorithms according different partitions.
Expert PID control has the rapidity of Bang - Bang control, and stability and anti-jamming capability of the hysteresis control [3]. e(k) represents the discretization error values at the current sampling time, and respectively represent error values of the former and the former two sampling times, M1 is a big error value, M2 is an appropriate error values, there are: The expert PID controller can be divided into the following five kinds of situation to carry on the design [4] : 1) , controller conducts according to the positive or negative maximum output,. 2), absolute value of error is changing towards the increase, or error is a constant,if , error is some big, and stronger control function is considered to implement. 3) and or , the error absolute value change in the direction of the reduction or has reached the equilibrium state, controller output is considered unchanged. 4) and , the error is in a state of extreme value, if the error absolute value is bigger, namely
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Wei Ling Liu, Lin Bo Zhang, Bin Gong
Based on the existing research achievements, the regional ecological carbon sink potential is simulated from point to surface with a long time serie of meteorological data (1954-2010), data on different ecosystem vegetation types, soil texture data, terrain data and remote sensing data.
Data Acquisition and Model Parameterization.
Input data of IBIS model mainly consists of the basic information of the sample points, weather data, vegetation data and soil data etc.
Carbon content data in soil is the actual measured soil data from Shenzhen[8].
Remote sensing data includes LAI product data of MODIS satellite in 2000 and MSS image in 1979 years, TM images in 1989, 1995 and 2000, as well as SPOT image in 2003, and land use data of HJ-1 imagery interpretation in 2010.
Data Acquisition and Model Parameterization.
Input data of IBIS model mainly consists of the basic information of the sample points, weather data, vegetation data and soil data etc.
Carbon content data in soil is the actual measured soil data from Shenzhen[8].
Remote sensing data includes LAI product data of MODIS satellite in 2000 and MSS image in 1979 years, TM images in 1989, 1995 and 2000, as well as SPOT image in 2003, and land use data of HJ-1 imagery interpretation in 2010.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Noshin Mir, Mir Hassan, Ahmad Gholamalizadeh Ahangar
Data analysis was carried out with SAS Institute Inc 6.12.
All data were first analysed by ANOVA means and then were compared based on Duncan's multiple range test at 1% probability level. 3.
Values in each set of data followed by different letters are not significantly different at 1% probability level using Duncan's multiple range test.
Values in each set of data followed by different letters are not significantly different at 1% probability level using Duncan's multiple range test. 3.2.3.
Values in each set of data followed by different letters are not significantly different at 1% probability level using Duncan's multiple range test. 3.3.
All data were first analysed by ANOVA means and then were compared based on Duncan's multiple range test at 1% probability level. 3.
Values in each set of data followed by different letters are not significantly different at 1% probability level using Duncan's multiple range test.
Values in each set of data followed by different letters are not significantly different at 1% probability level using Duncan's multiple range test. 3.2.3.
Values in each set of data followed by different letters are not significantly different at 1% probability level using Duncan's multiple range test. 3.3.