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The Surface-to-Surface (S2S) method applies the hemicube ray-tracing method to calculate a set of view factors.
These configuration factors depend only on the geometry, and a re-calculation is required if the geometry is updated during the computation.
The calculated view factors are applied in the equation system for the radiosities.
These type of meshes are also useful to optimize meshes on domains with varying physical properties, and for the user of the modeling tool it is possible to connect meshes with different element types, e.g. an automatically generated tetrahedral mesh with a hexahedral mesh.
Further on a nonparallel version will not be affected by the parallel programming pragmas, and finally OpenMP is supported for shared memory hardware by Intel Fortran compiler OpenMP options.

The waste that can be part of this production cycle can be different, also in terms of nature, properties and chemical composition.
Results The obtained granules have been tested in terms of physico-mechanical and leaching properties.
The open porosity is an important factor affecting the mechanical characteristics of the aggregates.
The three different mixtures of light artificial aggregates produced were tested to determine the mechanical properties in order to evaluate the technological performance of the aggregates produced.
Furthermore, it was possible to deduce that the artificial aggregates produced with the greatest quantity of cement in the mix-design, turn out to be the most performing in terms of mechanical properties (crushing strength value 1.86 MPa).

Once passing 35%, the property will be worse.
When the alkali concentration reach a certain value, the active factor of the raw material release fully.
Therefore, to meet the aluminosilicate depolymerization conditions and no affecting the monomer polymerization, a reasonable range of alkali concentration can make balanceable between depolymerization and polymerization.
Than the best property of geopolymers will be obtained.
[10]Palomoa,Maclasa,Blancomt,etal.Physical chemical and mechanical characterisation of geopolymers[A].Proc 9th Int Congr Chem Cem[C].1992:505~511.

Graphene nanoplatelets have attractive features, including mechanical toughness, and for composite material applications.
The particle size of a material is one of the important factors that affect the level of effectiveness of the performance of the material, especially on particles that are less than 100 nm [1].
To obtain graphene nanoplatelets-TiO2 composites having photocatalytic properties, a calcination process was carried out which aims to obtain higher crystallinity.
This is in accordance with the research conducted by Zhang et al [12], where when calcined at a temperature of 500 oC for 3 hours showed maximum photocatalytic activity and the photocatalytic properties of the material activity increased initially with increasing calcination. time and then decreased with increasing calcination time.
Surface Area of Graphene Nanoplatelets-TiO2 Nanocomposites Calcination Temperature Surface Area [m2/g] 400oC 49, 80 500oC 57.68 600oC 44.82 One of the factors that can affect the photocatalytic reaction is the crystal structure of the photocatalyst [20].

The combination of shearing speckle interferometry (SSI) and mechanical models is employed to quantitatively estimate defect characteristic parameters (DCP), such as coordinates, size, embedding depth, etc.
However, quantitative calculation of DCP relies on the actual displacement slope in the mechanical models, but the slope in SSI is represented by the difference of displacements between the two neighboring points with a distance, i.e. the shearing amount.
Steinchen paid their attention to analyze the factors affecting the measurement accuracy in SSI [4].
So SSI and mechanical models are combined to solve this problem.
Such property of insensitivity to the defect position is duo to the smaller defect size comparing to the dimensions of tested surfaces (cavity diameter 10mm and crack width 1mm).

The properties include: refractoriness, thermal shock resistance, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, bulk density and cold crushing strength.
Linear Shrinkage This is the major factor influencing the thermal spalling property of a refractory.
Chesti, Refractories Manufactures, Properties and Applications, Prentice-Hall of India, Private Limited, New Delhi, 1986, Pp. 1-25, Pp. 75-97
[2] S.B Hassan, Modern Refractories, Production, Properties, Testing and Applications, 2005, Pp 1-13, Pp 28-45
Chester, Refractories Production and Properties, The Iron and Steel Institute, London, 1973, Pp.3-13, 295-315, 492-510.

These changes depend upon physical and chemical properties of powder material.
Mechanochemical processing of powders is a very energy-consuming procedure with low efficiency factor.
In the mechanically processed material, the rate of energy entry affected only the mass fraction of particles larger in size than 90 μm.
Ghaffari, The effect of milling speed on the structural properties of mechanically alloyed Fe–45%Ni powders, J.
Delaey, Structure and properties of Cu, Ni and Fe powders milled in a planetary ball mill, Scr.

Introduction Obtaining a good compromise of mechanical properties, namely sufficient ductility while preserving tensile strength, creep and oxidation resistance, is one of the main challenges for manufacturing TiAl intermetallics components by the casting route [1].
As the mechanical properties of γ-TiAl are very sensitive to the microstructure [2], TiAl alloys are often heat treated [3,4,5].
This factor represents the height over length ratio of the ledges.
The lamellar spacing is also affected by the nominal composition of the alloy.
More specifically it has been shown recently that excellent mechanical properties of cast γ-TiAl can be obtained by tempering massively transformed samples in the (α+γ) region [14].

Numerical simulation of conical pick cutting coal and rock process based on ABAQUS* Chunsheng Liu1,a, Yang Song2,b and Chunping Ren3,c 1College of Mechanical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin ,China 2College of Mechanical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin ,China 3College of Mechanical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin ,China aEmail:liu_chunsheng@163.com, bEmail:songyang0107@sina.com, cEmail:renchunpin@sina.com Key words: conical pick; three directional loads; ABAQUS/explicit; gradient; Pearson correlation coefficient Abstract.
Aimed at investigating efficient cutting method with a lower energy consumption, higher reliability and life, and researching the intrinsic relationships between ability of picks' breaking coal rock and related factors, this paper simulates the dynamic process of conical pick cutting coal rock by using ABAQUS/explicit, analyzes cutting load statistics, and evaluates the similarity of simulation results and test results quantitatively using Pearson correlation coefficient.
Considering the stress distribution that the pick broken coal and rock at different angle wedge, the use of the maximum tensile stress theory to establish the mathematical model of the conical pick cutting force[3],as shown in a formula (1),which reflects the relationship of the cutting force, geometry parameters(,), coal and rock properties (,,) and operating parameters()
The linear changes do not affect the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient, so that different units of data and value are also comparable.
One of the main reasons is defined in the simulation model of coal and rock is homogeneous, isotropic, without regard to properties that the bedding and joints of the coal and rock. 4 Conclusion The establishment of constitutive model of the extend linear Drucker-Prager plasticity, the failure criterion of coal rock that equivalent plastic strain and dissipated energy to simulate the dynamic process of crushing coal rock.

Because the running gear is not affect by any force except gravity force, ignoring adhesive force related to terramechanics.
The relative position between pneumatic tire and clamping mechanism is the vital factor of clamping [7].
In the first, compliance matrix for pneumatic tire clamped by linkage mechanism is deduced depending on the contact forces, material properties and local geometry of contacting surface.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 48( 2012) 73-86
Mechanical and geometric advantages in compliant mechanism optimization.