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The spectra correspond to the standard JCPDS (03-65-4145) card file pattern for cubic Cu2SnSe3 phase with the F43m space group.
These data confirm the cubic structure of Cu2SnSe3 (JCPDS Card No. 03-065-4145).
Low intensity peak situated at 2θ value of 44.49º, is in agreement with the Cu3Sn phase (JCPDS No. 03-065-9057 card), and those located at 52.78º and 64.90º, fit well with the SnSe (JCPDS No. 36-1042) secondary phase.
Chaik, Sol-gel Aluminum-doped ZnO thin films: synthesis and characterization.
Abdel Moez, Influence of substrate temperature on structural, optical properties and dielectric results of nano-ZnO thin films prepared by Radio Frequency technique.

SEM analysis revealed various type of nanostructured ZnO when prepared by sol-gel, spin coating, HWT and hydrothermal method, highlighting ZnO nanorods as the main morphology of ZnO-ITO/PET.
The structural and morphological of nanostructured ZnO on ITO/PET (ZnO-ITO/PET) are mainly discussed.
All result reported from available literatures are in accordance with JCPDS card number 070-7080 [1,33], 065-3411 [28], 070-1225 [22], and 036-1451 [30], which allows the result to be indexed as a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure of ZnO.
Dissolution of ZnO into Zn2+ and re-deposition of these ions to ZnO might be the reason of these difference.
ZnO nanorods are formed by dehydration reaction of crystallized ZnO.

The existence of the Ag2O phase given by the four diffraction peaks found at the values 2θ =27.77°,38.26°,54.68°, and 64.55° correspond to the planes (110), (200), (211), (311) respectively and agree well with the JCPDS file (code00-041-1104).The peak (440) is in agreement with the JCPDS card (code00-040-0909) indicating the formation of silver oxide Ag2O3.
It was also observed that there was an increase in the number and in the average size of pores.
Pore number increases with the increase of the doping rate, which gave a very high efficiency and more catalytic surfaces.
Jayaraj, Fabrication of p-CuO/n-ZnO heterojunction diode via sol-gel spin coating Technique, Mater.
Chen et al,Suppressing the Agglomeration of ZnO Nanoparticles in Air by Doping with Lower Electronegativity Metallic Ions: Implications for Ag/ZnO Electrical Contact Composites, ACS Applied Nano Materials.5(2022)10809-10817

CaZrO3, MnCO3, CeO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 was investigated.
BaTiO3 SrTiO3 CaZrO3, MnCO3, CeO2, ZnO, Nb2O5, SiO2, and Al2O3 were used in this study.
MnCO3, CeO2, ZnO, Nb2O5, SiO2, and Al2O3 were added.
The X-ray diffraction patterns were confirmed by JCPDS cards, the card numbers 79-2264, 35-0734, and 35-790 were in accordance with BaTiO3, SrTiO3, and CaZrO3 respectively.

The experimental XRD pattern agrees with the JCPDS card no. 21-1272 (anatase TiO2).
The diffraction peaks located at 31.84°, 34.52°, 36.33°, and 47.63° have been keenly indexed as hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO with lattice constants with lattice constants 𝑎=𝑏=0.324 nm and 𝑐=0.521 nm (JPCDS card number: 36-1451) [43,44].
(a) TiO2 NPs 5%, (b) TiO2 NPs poultice, (c) ZnO NPs 5%, and (d) ZnO NPs poultice. 2.2.4.
(a) TiO2 NPs 5%, (b) TiO2 NPs poultice, (c) ZnO NPs 5%, and (d) ZnO NPs poultice.
Furthermore, numbers above 6 reveal a substantial difference from the naked eye [49].

As the number of ALD cycles increases to 750, the small grains become larger and merge with each other, as observed previously in the ALD growth of TiO2 on mesoporous Si [35] and TiN on SiO2 [36], or ZnO on InGaAs substrates [37].
The TiO2 substrate exhibits a crystalline anatase TiO2 phase as indicated by the peaks labelled with A (source: JCPDS 88–1175 card).
For the sample deposited with 750 cycles, the positions and relative intensities of the B-peaks match well the pattern of the cubic Cu2O phase (source: JCPDS 05–0067 card).
We also plan to carry out ALD syntheses of ZnO/copper oxide and ZnO/metallic copper heterostructures to influence the photocatalytic activity of ZnO under UV and visible light.
Barna, Nucleation and growth modes of ALD ZnO, Cryst.

Apart from the noble metal substrates and the transition metal substrates, SERS signals have been observed from molecules on surfaces of the randomly arranged oxides such as Fe2O3, ZnO, Ag2O, Cu2O, NiO, and TiO2 [1-6].
Diffraction peaks of crystalline phases were compared with those of standard compounds reported in the JCPDS Data File.
The diffraction pattern of the seeds matches well with the standard card α-Fe2O3 reflections (JCPDS No. 33-0664).
And these peaks are well accordant with the standard card Ag reflections (JCPDS No. 65-8424).
Compared to α-Fe2O3 seeds, it is clear that the surface of typical spherical α-Fe2O3 /Ag core/shell structures in Fig. 2 (b) and (c) is not smooth, instead there are some flecks spreading on the surface, indicating that a large number of Ag particles may be included in theα-Fe2O3 nanoparticles.

The dominant peak (2θ =31.71o) representing the (111) orientation is consistent with the standard data (JCPDS card number: 39-0354) with lattice constants, a = 0.4329 nm, b = 1.1192 nm and c = 0.3984 nm for orthorhombic-structured SnS [5,6,11].
Moreover, the substrate surface was entirely covered with nanoflakes, as a result increasing the number of nucleation sites.
As expected, illumination by higher power densities leads to more photon flux density, resulting in more number of electron-hole pairs generated [15,16].
Taghavinia, Ultraviolet photodetectors based on ZnO sheets: the effect of sheet size on photoresponse properties, App.
Zhai, A Fully Transparent and Flexible Ultraviolet–Visible Photodetector Based on Controlled Electrospun ZnO-CdO Heterojunction Nanofiber Arrays, Adv.

Thus, some other photocatalysts, such as CdS or ZnO sensitized with lead sulfide to obtain enhanced photocatalytic performance [17].
As shown in Fig.1, all diffraction peaks can be readily indexed as face-centered-cubic PbS structure with a lattice constant a = 5.93Å, coincided with the literature value (JCPDS card no.65-9496).
Isopropanol is known as a hole scavenger [23], which can preferentially react with photoexcited holes and results in great decrease of the number of holes contributing to photocatalysis.
This suggest that the decreasing number of holes caused by isopropanol has a great impact on the photocatalytic activity of PbS, confirming the importance of the hole in this photodegradation process.

A familiar case is to use annealing to introduce the OVDs to affect the optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of ZnO [6].
All the peaks in each spectrum can be indexed with the tetrogonal phase of BiOCl (JCPDS card 73-2060).
However, when the annealing temperature was higher than 500 oC, the number of OVDs became so large that many photoinduced electrons were trapped by the defects, leading to an obvious decrease in the number of active carriers.