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The aim of the development is to highlight the weaknesses and strengths of the models of different complexity.
Predicting the quality of the resulting compound is of great interest.
Some authors aim to determine only the temperature field [10], where the model can be simplified without taking into account the pin.
[16] Pan W., Li D., Tartakovsky A., Ahzi S., Khraisheh M., Khaleel M., A new smoothed particle hydrodynamics non-Newtonian model for friction stir welding: Process modeling and simulation of microstructure evolution in a magnesium alloy, International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 48 (2013) 189-204
[19] Robson J., Campbell L., Model for grain evolution during friction stir welding of aluminium alloys, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Vol. 15.

INTRODUCTION Over the past several years titanium (Ti) and its alloys have become a focus of considerable interest as they possess unique properties relevant to implant materials application because of their good mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
Ti does interact with environment by releasing metal ions and compounds into the tissue and allowing oxygen diffusion into its structure [4].
Schmuki, Hydroxyapatite growth on anodic TiO2 nanotubes, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, Vol. 77A (2006) 534-541
Jin, Titanium oxide nanotubes with controlled morphology for enhanced bone growth, Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol.
Wintermantel, Ceramic TiO2-foam: characterization of potential scaffold, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 24 (2004) 661-668

Thus, in using any of the fabrication methods, researchers should first understand the aims and limitations of their research so that the fabrication method selected does not increase the work cost and should produce excellent results relative to their cost limitation.
[6] Ma, Q., Ma, J., Sa, Z., Yan, R., Gao, J. and Meng, G., “A high-performance ammonia-fueled SOFC based on a YSZ thin-film electrolyte”, Journal of Power Sources, 164: 86-89 (2006)
[7] Chen, G., You, H., Kasai,Y., Sato, H. and Abudula, A., “Characterization of planer cathode-supported SOFC prepared by a dual dry pressing method”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509: 5159-5162 (2011)
Zanzi, “Performance Study On An Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFT) Fabricated By Dry Pressing Method”, American Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 9, pp. 2020-2024 (2006)
[16] Yin, Y., Li, S., Xia, C. and Meng, G., “Electrochemical performance of IT-SOFCs with a double-layer anode”, Journal of Power Sources, 167:. 90–93 (2007)

Most of tin whisker phenomena was reported on tin plating [15–19], but recently, tin whisker was also observed in Sn-based solder alloys [20–22].
The solder alloys used in this investigation were cold to room temperature.
The ECM susceptibility of solder joints would be different with that of the solder alloys attributing to the surface roughness of the solder joints was different with the pure solder alloys.
The another factor affecting on whisker formation was absolutely relative to the formation of IMC (intermetallic compound), Zn and Bi doping in SAC solder cannot eliminate IMC formation, which can cause the compressive stress on the solder alloys, so whisker growth was inevitably.
Tadic, Microelectronics Journal 30, 887 (1999)

There is only a few literature take aim at improving conductivity of PET to our knowledege [4,5,6,7,8].
Hwang: Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 99 (2006), p. 900 [3] N.
Baltog: Journal of Materials Chemistry Vol. 19 (2009), p. 5690 [13] J.
Jayasree: Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol. 449 (2008), p. 176 [18] H.
Cheng: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B Vol. 110 (2006), p. 9095

Today, Additive Manufacturing has come to be the newest development of administering method in manufacturing steel and compounds.
A variation of steels and alloys, basically from pre-alloyed dust feedstock, have been deposited using LENS [10, 11].
Metals and alloys [80].
Although, DMLS uses laser and powder feedstock, but utilises metal and alloys as the substance, while EBM utilises electron beam energy type and equally uses metal and alloys as DMLS.
Material choice Though many alloys are available, non-weldable metals cannot be processed by adding manufacturing and difficult-to-weld alloys require specific approaches.

Phosphorus compounds are one of the most effective groups of flame retardant compositions.
The effectiveness of the use of phosphorus-containing compounds in the field of fire protection is based on their pyrolysis products that inhibit reactions in the gas phase due to the deactivation of active radicals in the flame [20, 21].
Therefore, an important stage in the development of flame retardant compounds is the incorporation of phosphorus into the polymer matrix to obtain thermally and energetically stable bonds [24, 33].
Technology оf safe galvanochemical process оf strong platings forming using ternary alloy Materials Science Forum, 1006 MSF, p. 233–238
Journal of Materials Chemistry.

Aim of Paper The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of the physical and chemical properties of explosive materials on the conditions of their safe handling.
It is used as an individual explosive, as well as in various explosive mixtures (alloys with hexogen, tetryl, TEN, etc.). [9] The material of the body depends on the purpose [4]; thus, it can be seen from Table 1 that high-explosive mines are characterised by the use of plastics, whereas fragmentation-type mines are characterised by the use of steel.
The explosive decomposition of mercury fulminate leads to the formation of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and a brown solid insoluble residue containing a number of relatively stable mercury compounds.
International Journal of Multiphysics, 9/1 (2015) 9–20
Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1294 7 (2019). 072009

Thermoset matrix polymer composites have great mechanical properties and relatively good thermal resistance, but they do not have as good toughness as the thermoplastic polymer ones, ductile metals, and alloys.
During the crosslinking process of different, mixed resins, the compound can be divided into at least two segments with the help of phase separation processes (binodal and spinodal decomposition).
The main aim of our research work was to create nanostructured matrix high performance fibre reinforced polymer composites for engineering applications, and to investigate their morphological and mechanical properties.
International Journal of Damage Mechanics 22 (2013), 1161-1185
Shaw Ming, Mode II Interlaminar Crack Growth Process in Polymer Matrix Composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 18 (1999) 1254-1266

Maraging steel is an iron-nickel steel alloy, which achieves very good material properties like high toughness, hardness, good weldability, high strength and dimensional stability during heat treatment.
Introduction Maraging steel is a low-carbon ultra-high strength Fe-Ni alloy, which contains primarily Ni, Co, Mo, Ti, Al and Cr elements.
The presence of intermetallic compounds formed during the aging treatment, such as Ni3Ti, NiAl, NiMn, Ni3Al phases and that is the reason for the increase of strength.
The preferential occurrence of retained austenite at cell boundaries was connected with a higher content of alloying elements in these areas.
Ceschini, et al., Effect of laser melting (SLM) process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel, Journal of Mat.