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The grain size reduction in combination with higher dislocation density causes many unique physical and mechanical properties of ECAP-manufactured materials.
Up to now most investigations on UFG materials fabricated by ECAP have been mainly focused on the microstructure [3,4], thermal stability [5,6] and mechanical properties [7,8] while there were rare works on the corrosion behavior of ECAP processed (ECAPed) materials.
(a) (b) Fig.3 (a) Polarization curves of as-received and ECAPed AISI 304 austenitic SS in 5 wt. % H2SO4 and (b) Ecorr and Icorr with respect to ECAP pass times Analysis and discussion According to Ref. [10], the grain boundaries play a primary role in many properties of ultra-fined grain materials.
For SS, one of the principle factors affecting its corrosion resistance in aggressive solution is the structure and stability of the chromium oxide film [14].

Kumamoto et al. stated that when a two-joint link mechanism was installed with an antagonistic pair of bi-articular actuators in addition to antagonistic pairs of mono-articular actuators, the two-joint link mechanism could demonstrates humanlike control properties at the endpoint [6].
Albeit that, if there is a model which correlates the PMA properties with the positional data, we might be able to control the orthosis mechanism precisely with co-contraction movement as well as simplifying the control algorithm and equations.
These factors also apply for the performance at the hip joint, which was able to achieve maximum muscle moment (flexion and extension) due to lack of actuation power when compared to mono-articular actuators alone and problems caused due to inertia.
Fujikawa, “Control properties of two joint link mechanism equipped with mono and bi-articular actuators”.
He, "Characterization of the dynamic properties of pneumatic muscle actuators".

The experiment results of impact wear tests show that under the condition of low and middling loads, the composites display the best wear-resistant properties, moreover, the more TiC content is, the better wear-resistance property is.
The wettability between the ceramic phase and metal phase directly affects the interfacial bonding strength of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite.
The wettability between TiC particle and Hadfield steel is relatively poor, so studying the factors influencing the interfacial wettability of TiC/ Hadfield steel is significant for the preparation and improvement of the composite working performance.
Moreover, Mo and TiC can take place solid solution reaction, the reaction equation is as follows: TiC + x Mo → (Ti1-x Mox)C + x Ti Influence of Ni to the properties of the composite The dissolvability of TiC in steel is only 0.5% in mass fraction [4].
In this article, 2wt% Ni is added to improve the dissolvability of TiC in steel, to accelerate the sintering process, and to increase the synthetically properties of the composite specimens.

Hence, the model performs as a powerful and comprehensive tool to simulate post-form strength of 6xxx series aluminium alloys that undergo complicated thermomechanical processes including high temperature deformation and post-form heat treatment, with less than 5% deviation between measured and predicted values. 1 Introduction Age-hardening aluminium alloys have been promising candidates for structural components in the automotive and aircraft industries due to their excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance, recyclability and remarkable formability at elevated temperatures [1].
The precipitation response of these alloys is dependent on many factors, notably chemical composition of the material, room temperature storage and plastic deformation among others.
Consequently, this affects the ageing response considerably.
One of the factors critically influencing the precipitation kinetics is the availability of quenched-in vacancies.
Dean, “An investigation of the effects of solution heat treatment on mechanical properties for AA 6xxx alloys: experimentation and modelling,” Int.

Introduction 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC), a wide band-gap semiconductor with excellent material properties [1], is gaining increased industrial applications for high voltage and high current systems.
At present various kinds of epitaxial defects, such as dislocations, 3C inclusions, stacking faults and carrots, are still affecting the performance of the SiC devices [2].
The key factors contributing to the formation of LGPs include the following: 1) The quality of substrate (including the crystalline quality and the quality of chemical mechanical polish, CMP).
The key factors to reduce LGPs were as follows: 1) The quality of substrate (including the crystalline quality and the quality of CMP). 2) Growth rates (the effective C/Si ratio on the substrate under process running), when the growth rate reached 8μm/h, LGPs appeared in large numbers and increased exponentialy as the rasing of growth rate. 3) The relatively lower C/Si ratio is very favorable for the control of LGPs defects.

The combination of shearing speckle interferometry (SSI) and mechanical models is employed to quantitatively estimate defect characteristic parameters (DCP), such as coordinates, size, embedding depth, etc.
However, quantitative calculation of DCP relies on the actual displacement slope in the mechanical models, but the slope in SSI is represented by the difference of displacements between the two neighboring points with a distance, i.e. the shearing amount.
Steinchen paid their attention to analyze the factors affecting the measurement accuracy in SSI [4].
So SSI and mechanical models are combined to solve this problem.
Such property of insensitivity to the defect position is duo to the smaller defect size comparing to the dimensions of tested surfaces (cavity diameter 10mm and crack width 1mm).

Extensive research work has been conducted experimentally and numerically on properties of these nanofluids under different physical conditions.
The most important exclusivity of hybrid nanofluid is the combination of superior properties of two variant types of dispersed nanoparticles in the base fluid at a reasonable cost.
Nanofluid Hybrid Nanofluid Density Heat capacity Viscosity Thermal Conductivity Table 2: Nanoparticles and Water thermophysical properties [5, 10] Physical properties Fluid Phase (Water) Cu Al2O3 cp (J/kgK) 4180 385 765 r(kg/m3) 997 8933 3970 k(W/mK) 0.6071 400 40 Table 3: The nanoparticles shape factors (m) [12, 16] Nanoparticles Shape Shape Structure Shape Factor (m) Spherical 3 Bricks 3.7 Cylindrical 4.9 Platelets 5.7 Blades 8.6 The nanoparticles shape factor is represented by m, knf is the nanofluid thermal conductivity, j1 and j2 are the solid volume fractions of the two different nanoparticles (j1 is for Cu and j2 is for Al2O3), ρf is the density of the base fluid (water), ρs1 is the density of Cu, ρs1 is the density of Al2O3, μf is the viscosity of the base fluid (water), kf is the thermal conductivity of the base fluid (Water), cp1 and cp2 are the the specific heat at constant pressure for Cu and Al2O3, respectively; ks1 and ks2 arethe
Computational results obtained based on the hybrid nanofluid thermophysical properties, relations and shape factor in Tables (1)-(3) are utilized to determine the skin friction coefficient (Cf) and the Nusselt number (Nu) as given by equation (14).
Singh, Particle shape effects on thermophysical properties of alumina nanofluids, Journal of Applied Physics 106 (1) (2009), (014304-014304-014310)

Factors of the Evaluation Involved The Design Phase.
Such as the heat transfer characteristics of building materials, sealing properties, strength properties and durability properties.
Then we come to the results for construction, because it is affected by the design stage, so there are not many evaluation factors in this stage.
The evaluation factors it related mainly include the impact on the environment in the construction process and correspondence degree of the construction results with design.
Evaluation factors including pollution degree and energy consumption, of building, also give consideration to the conform degree of materials purchase and use with design.

The swelling behavior, mechanical property, degradation behavior and cell adhesion ability of samples were also studied.
To solve these problems, chemical crosslinking and incorporating bioactive ceramic phases are being used to improve the physical, mechanical properties, as well as degradation rates of composites[11, 12].
To improve the mechanical property of hyaluroan, β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was used as enhancer.
Mechanical Properties.
Results and Discussion The morphology plays an important role on scaffold’s mechanical and biological property.

Recently, MGCs with in-situ dendrite-phase have attracted much attention for their promising properties combining the high-strength and toughness.
The wettability and interface reactivity are of great significance on the quality of bonding between the constituents and further affect the final properties of the composite material.
As is known, wetting of metal by a liquid is a complex phenomenon sensitive to large number of factors such as substrate surface roughness, heterogeneity of the surface, atmosphere, temperature and interface reaction[13].
Wang, The elastic properties, elastic models and elastic perspectives of metallic glasses, Prog Mater Sci. 57 (2012) 487-656
Johnson, Mechanical properties of tungsten and steel fiber reinforced Zr41.25Ti13.75Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 metallic glass matrix composites, Acta Mater. 46 (1998) 6089-6102