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Figure 6 displays SEM micrographs showing the microstructures in the HAZ of the conventional and TB-2 welds, in which a grain-coarsened structure is observed in the TB-2 specimen because of the higher peak temperatures during the weld thermal cycles.
The temper bead welding process could effectively lower the HAZ hardness; however, it produced larger grains in the HAZ than the conventional welding method.
Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the ROC National Science Council (Contract Number: NSC98-NU-E-002-001).

The sintering gas mixture during the high temperature sintering Number Sintering gas mixture 1 (reference gas) 90% N2 / 10% H2 2 2,5% CO / 7,5% H2 / 90% N2 3 2,5% CO / 97,5% N2 4 10% CO / 90% N2 Fig 1 shows the variation of the partial oxygen pressure of the gas mixtures and the reduction limit of the Astaloy CrM+0.6%C.
Sample sintered in the 90%N2-10%CO contained fine pearlite and cementite in the grain boundaries at the surface, see Fig 12.
From the microstructures it seems that oxygen is found in pores and not in grain boundaries.

At low applied stress, creep deformation leads to grain boundary void [9].
If the width of DFZ is LDFZ and N is the number of cycles to cause the DFZ broken, the rate of fatigue crack growth is given by N L dN dc DFZ=
(12) There are three major mechanisms of void growth in creep: (i) deformation or continuum growth; (ii) unconstrained grain boundary diffusive growth; (iii) geometrically constrained growth [12].

Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 7/100 and 12/100.
The Raman spectrum (Fig. 4 (b), CH4/H2 = 5/100 in carbonization step) indicate that a diamond film possessing a high-quality factor with qf as high as 90.71 % due to the oriented growth and less (110)-oriented grains.
The XRD patterns exhibits the highly (111)-preferred orientation with well-textured facets of triangular grains can also be grown on the 6H-SiC substrate by virtue of carbonization as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig.1 Conical picks for test Table 1 The scheme for brazing The scheme The number of cutter Flux The heat treatment 1# 3 The dehydrated borax Oil quenched 2# 3 The copper brazing agent and water in a five-to-five ratio Oil quenched 3# 3 The copper brazing agent and water in a four-to-six ratio Air cooled Experimental methods.
The method of furnace brazing was adopted in this experiment, and the brazing temperature was selected as 930℃ due to the effect of both the braze-ability of material and the brazing process，the higher temperature not only contributes to the grain growth and recrystallization of 42CrMo alloying steel, and thus affects the toughness of cutting teeth, but also damage YG15 which will shorten the service life of brazing.
The crystal grains of the first sample was fine and homogeneous, and thus improved the strength, hardness and toughness. 10µm 10µm (a)1# (b)3# Fig.5 The microstructure of YG15 afte weldiing 1000× The shear strength.

In this connection, there was a great interest in the production of ultrafine-grained materials (UFG) by methods based on intense plastic strain (IPS) [2, 3].
The number of cycles 10000.
[2] R.Z.Valiev, T.G.Langdon Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement // Progress in Materials Science. – 2006.

Introduction Due to the increasing spread of radio electronic equipment radiating within the radio frequency range there arises a problem of providing stability and efficiency of radio and electrical equipment, particularly in conditions of increased interference and re-reflections of signals, i.e. solving a number of problems in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
The range of operating frequencies of the radio-absorbent material is highly dependent on size distribution of the magnetic particles, as it has been shown, for example, for ferrites in [4, 5] (the coarse-grained ferrites had an absorption peak at lower frequencies than the fine‐grained ferrites).

The structure of ScSZ, YSZ and SmSZ show the 0uniform contrast with some strain contrast without grain boundary.
They are Fig.1 Cross sectional TEM images of 8mol%R2O3-ZrO2/SiO2/Si gate dielectrics; R=(a)Sc, (b)Y, (c) Sm, (d)Nd, and (e)La,respectively. composed of small columnar grains.
Then they become not to work as charged carrier and the number of effective dipoles decreases.

The final properties of binder gel are affected primarily by the shape of the grain and by granulometry composition.
The highly porous nature of the FBC ash fly’s grain requires higher consumption of the mixing water, i.e. using of higher water coefficient.
Test objects were removed from the forms approximately after 48 hours of solidification and they were assigned with the letter of respective set and with a number.

It is demonstrated that the initial microstructure is typical hot extruded structure, the equiaxed grains are non-uniform,.
The measured average grain size of as received material is 32μm.
(2) The extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 demonstrate tension-compression asymmetry cyclic deformation behavior under the higher level of total strain amplitude (3) The relationship between cycle number and the elastic and plastic strain amplitudes are linear for the extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 (4) The failure mode of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 is mainly cleavage under the total strain amplitude controlled testing.