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Wannasin et al. [9].
Chemical compositions of ZA-27 alloy Elements Al Cu Mg Fe Pb Cd Sn Zn wt.% 25.5 2.0 0.010 0.072 0.0050 0.0050 0.0020 Bal.
Abou El-Khair, A.
El-Sheikh.
Ageing characteristics of cast Zn-Al based alloy (ZnAl7Cu3) [J].

Al-Tayeb, B.H.
Al-Tayeb, B.H.
Al-Tayeb, H.
El-Dieb, M.A.
Abd El-Wahab, M.E.

Elastic stiffness in the limiting state = ec1,el(q)/ec1(q) depends inessentially on the heating temperature and is in the range of 0.65 to 0.8 (Fig. 1c).
The influence of short-term heating on relative strength change gcq = fc(q) /fc (а), tangent modulus of elasticity bcq = Ec(q) /Ec (b) and elastic stiffness = ec1,el(q)/ec1(q) (c) of the modified fine-grained concrete under axial compression: , , , – experimental values; – – – – – – according to the [15] for normal heavy concrete ec1,el – elastic component of the total compressive strain ec1.
[3] Freskakis G.N. et al.

El-salakawy, Benmokrane [2] 180 700 600 3.3 35-42 1538 130 Alsayed [3] 200 360 310 2.4 36 565 42 Nakamura, Higai [4] 200 300 50 3 35 544-649 31 Shehata [5] 135 560 470 3.7 33-54 713-1800 41-137 Tottori, Wakui [6] 150-200 300-400 250-325 2.1-4.3 31-72 602-1766 36-94 Table 2 compares each methods coefficient of variation and the mean value of the test/theory ratio Vtest/Vu, where Vtest is the experimentally obtained punching strength and Vu is the predicted punching strength.
Literature References [1] Ahmed, E., El-Sayed, A., El-Salakawy, E.F., Benmokrane, B., Bend Strength of FRP Stirrups: Comparison and Evaluation of Testing Methods, ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, 14 (1): 44-54, 2010
[3] Alsayed S., Al-Salloum Y., Almusallam T., Shear design of beams reinforced by GFRP bars, Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on non-metallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures, Japan Concrete Institute, Sapporo, Japan, 14–16 October 1997, pp.285–292

Steel C Mn Si P S Al Nb V N Nb-V 0.06 1.2 0.29 0.02 0.007 0.035 0.062 0.053 0.0081 900ºC ε=0.4, ε=1s-1.
Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the influence of coiling temperature on the mechanical properties, i. e. hardness, tensile strength (TS), yield strength (YS) and total elongation (El).
Hardness measurements as a function of coiling temperature 300 500 700 900 500 550 600 650 700 750 Coiling temperature (ºC) YS and TS (MPa) 0 10 20 30 40 Total Elongation (%) YS TS EL Figure 6.
Even in the present simulations were the amount of austenite refinement is limited, due to the low strain accumulated in the austenite, strength levels superior to those required for X70 grade (YS > 483 MPa and TS > 565 MPa) are reached at coiling temperatures in the range 550-600ºC, with total elongations >26%, well above the minimum required (EL=22%), and YS/TS relationships below the maximum allowed of 0.85.

El-Shrkway et al. [4] reported that bond strength of resin cement to silica coated zirconia samples using plasma technology improved, and Si-O bonds available on the zirconia ceramic.
References [1] Z.R.El-Shrkawy, M.M.El-Hosary, O.Saleh, M.H.Mandour, Future Dental J.; 2016; 2; 41-53

The critical stress intensity factor Kfc, useful to determine whether the critical condition of unstable propagation is reached, can be evaluated with the Kato et al. model [18] developed for case hardened spur gears.
Material Condition Surface hardness (H1) Maximum hardness (H2) Core hardness (H3) Depth of maximum hardness (d2) [mm] Depth of interface hardness (deff) [mm] 16NiCr11 PVD-coated 1200 HV 1206 HV 300 HV 0.0015 0.003 Ti-6Al-4V PVD-coated 1200 HV 1206 HV 350 HV 0.0015 0.003 According to the microstructure fracture mechanics [20], the choice of the most suitable theoretical model for the threshold stress intensity factor range evaluation depends on the crack length ratio a/a0 between the half-length of the crack and the El-Haddad critical crack length [21].
Range a/a0 ≤ 3 3 ≤ a/a0 ≤ 10 a/a0 ≥ 10 Model El-Haddad Murakami-Endo LEFM Threshold ,0 th th C a K K a a ∆ = ∆ + ( ) 1/3 3 1 3.3 10 ( 120) 2 th R K H area α − −  ∆ = × +     area = crack length expressed in µm, 4 0.226 10H α − = + ×
El-Haddad, K.N.

., et al., Collaborative conceptual design-state of the art and future trends, Computer-Aided Design, 2002, 34:981-996
Feldhusen, et al., Engineering design: A systematic approach (3rd Edition), K.
Yoshioka, et el., Supporting conceptual design based on the function-behavior-state modeler, AI EDAM, 10(4)(1996)275-288
Chen, et el.,.

（HRB） UTS （MPa） YS （MPa） El（%） 1 120 800 7.41 88 593 585 3.8 2 120 600 7.42 89 570 561 4.3 3 100 800 7.38 88 565 544 1.8 4 100 600 7.40 89 554 543 1.5 Notes: WC-Warm Compaction, Hard.
-Hardness, UTS-Ultimate Tensile Strength, YS-Yield Strength, El-Elongation Tab 1 shows that high density was obtained under four conditions of warm compaction.
Rawlings et al.
Jones, K.Buckley-Golder, R.Lawcock et al.

Nai et al.[8] by using titanium diboride (TiB2) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).Mechanical properties of both composite solders showed an overall improvement.
El-Daly et al.[10] reported that the addition of small amount of SiC particles (with an average size of 1 μm) did not significantly affect the melting point of Sn–3.7Ag–0.9Zn alloy.
Gupta, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 19(3): p. 335-341.(2010) [10] A.A.El-Daly, A.F., S.F.Mansour , M.J.Younis Materials Science&Engineering A: p. 62–71.(2013) [11] Jun Shen, Y.L., Dongjiang Wang and Houxiu Gao, J.