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This provides a great motivation for organising the conference as a forum for discussion and dissemination of recent developments, innovations and advances in this field of science and technology.
This volume of Key Engineering Materials contains papers presented at the 16th Metal Forming International Conference held in Kraków, Poland on September 18-21, 2016.
Manuscripts cover a wide range of materials from metal powders, titanium and magnesium alloys to advanced high strength steels and multiphase materials.
We hope that the proceedings will become a source of valuable information and inspiration in the scientific work for academics, researchers, engineers and students, and we are pleased to welcome in Kraków every Participant of the 16th Metal Forming Conference.

Introduction General tendencies in creating designs of advanced engineering structures of different functional area in many industries (chemical and food, power engineering and shipbuilding, aerospace manufacturing, etc.) are associated with a reduction in mass of products [1-5], with the use of materials having improved mechanical [6-9] and operational characteristics [9-13], and also with the introduction of modern treatment technologies [14-18].
However, laser welding [1, 3, 5, 8, 13, 19, 20, 31, 41-43], as well as electron beam welding [22, 23, 25, 30], combined and hybrid methods of welding [6, 13, 41, 44-47] belong to a number of modern advanced technologies [48-60], which have not been sufficiently studied yet.
Forum 519-521 (2006) 1125-1130. doi:10.4028/ www.scientific.net/MSF.519-521.1125
Forum 927 (2018) 64-71. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.927.64 [46] L.
In Advances in Thin Films, Nanostructured Materials, and Coatings (2019) 119-128.

Fabrication of a High Performance Ti Alloy Implant for an Artificial Hip Joint Taek-Kyun Jung 1,a , Tadasu Abumiya2,b, Noya Masahashi2,c , Mok-Soon Kim 3,d and Shuji Hanada 2,e 1 Innovation Plaza Miyagi, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sendai 989-3204, Japan 2 Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea a jtk0134@hanmail.net, bmy-star0047@ezweb.ne.jp, cmasahasi@imr.tohoku.ac.jp, d mskim@inha.ac.kr, ehanada@imr.tohoku.ac.jp Keywords: biocompatible titanium alloy, Young's modulus, strength, artificial hip joint, cold die- forging Abstract.
It is suggested that high strength of higher than 1100 MPa in the proximal part connected to a stem head and low Young's modulus of less than 60 GPa in the distal part implanted in a femur can be obtained simultaneously in advanced Ti alloy stems.
In a previous paper we have presented a new concept for an advanced stem that both high strength at the proximal part and low Young's modulus at the distal part are simultaneously attained on the basis of the local heating experiment of a rolled rod [6].
A new Ti-Nb-Sn alloy and its fabrication process by cold die-forging are promising in the development of an advanced stem.
Hanada : submitted to Multiscale, Multifunctional & Functionally Graded Materials, (2008), FGMs Forum of Japan [7] T.

Series: Engineering and Technology. 8(5) (2015) 636-645
[5] Belov N.A., Phase composition of industrial and advanced aluminum alloys, Moscow: Ed.
[8] Zhemchuzhnikova D., Kaibyshev R., Effect of Grain Size on Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of an Al-Mg-Sc Alloy, Advanced Materials Research. 922 (2014) 862-867
Langdon, Influence of grain size on the flow properties of an Al-Mg-Sc alloy over seven orders of magnitude of strain rate, Materials Science & Engineering.
Xiang, High strain rate superplasticity in an Al–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy processed via simple rolling, Materials Science & Engineering.

Advanced ceria-composite electrolytes combined with the high performance and compatible electrodes have recently made excellent low temperature SOFC performances, the cell functioning at as low as 200°C [21].
However, the cobaltites tend to have very high thermal expansions and even if the stresses induced by TEC mismatch are lower due to lower operating temperatures, some interfacial engineering may still be necessary to determine their suitability.
A significant advance in the development of intermediate temperature SOFCs has been the use of metallic interconnects.
Forum Vol.21 (1997), p. 183 [16] K.
Forum Vol. 21 (1997), p. 183 [57] N.

A New Framework for Evaluation Index System of Regional Science and Technology Wenming Yang 1,a, Weijin An 2,b * 1 School of Management, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China a Wyang@tju.edu.cn， banweijin@tju.edu.cn * Correspondence to Weijin An，Emai: anweijin@tju.edu.cn.
The greatest influence of the evaluation system including "global competitiveness report", present by international institute for management development (IMD) in lausanne, Switzerland; “the world competitiveness yearbook”, present by world economic forums (WEF); "technical achievement index" (TAI) in "human development report", present by the United Nations development programme (UNDP); the technology statistic index system present by organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD), etc.
Therefore, this article introduces the advanced idea of system dynamics and the balanced scorecard, makes a deep analysis of the related factors in regional S&T development, and explore the inner relationship between various factors and mechanism, thus establishing a new, more scientific index system that reflect our country's regional science &technology development.
[2] Hu Li, Chunlin Liu, Jianjun Shi: China science and technology forum, Vol. 2 (2005), p.120-124, in Chinese

Stover: in Proceedings of the 6th Liege Conference on Materials for Advanced Power Engineering, Edited by J.
Forum Vols. 312-315 (2011), p. 577 [21] G.
Forum Vols. 312-315 (2011), p. 583 [38] D.A.

Characterization of Epoxy Matrix Reinforced with Banana Fibers Thermal Properties by Photoacoustic Technique Foluke Salgado de Assis1,a, Frederico Muylaert Margem 1,b, Pedro Amoy Netto1,c, Roberto da Trindade Faria Jr.1,d, Thallis Custódia Cordeiro1,e, Fabio de Oliveira Braga2,f and Sergio Neves Monteiro2,g 1State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, UENF, Advanced Materials Laboratory, LAMAV; Av.
Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. 2Military Institute of Engineering - IME, Department of Materials Science; Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, RJ, CEP 22290-270, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Oliveira: Mater Sci Forum Vols. 775-776 (2014), p. 250
Oliveira: Mater Sci Forum.

The Role of Air-Pocket in Crucible Structure for High Quality SiC Crystal Growth Seung Jun Lee1,a, Su Ho Kim1,b, Jung Woo Choi1,c, Jong Hwi Park1,d, Jung Gyu Kim1,e, Kap Ryeol Ku1,f, Ha Lin Lee2,g, Gi Uk Lee2,h and Won Jae Lee2,i* 1Senic, 17-15, 4sandan 7-ro, Jiksan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea 2Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, 176, Eomgwang-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea asjlee@senic.co.kr, bshkim@senic.co.kr, cjwchoi@senic.co.kr, djhpark@senic.co.kr, ejgkim@senic.co.kr, fkrku@senic.co.kr, ghalinlee99@naver.com, hdlrldnr7774@naver.com, ileewj@deu.ac.kr Keywords: 4H-SiC Growth, PVT, Air pocket, C/Si ratio, Graphite structure Abstract.
Forum, Vol. 858 (016), p.5 [2] E.
Forum, Vol. 483-485 (2005), p. 21 [3] A.

Different dressing technologies of diamond wheels have been developed such as forum dressing, forum crush dressing, laser dressing, electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) [4,5,6].
In Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technology 2000, Proceedings of SPIE.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture.
Hoogstrate: Forum crush dressing of diamond grinding wheels.