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Online since: February 2020
Authors: Michael Angelo Zafra, Jon Nyner L. Gavan, Emil David A. Villena, Francis Eric P. Almaquer, Jem Valerie D. Perez, Edgar Clyde R. Lopez
Wet chemical reduction using NaBH4 was used for the synthesis of HA-AgNPs as discussed in various literature [6].
HA-AgNPs were successfully synthesized by a wet chemical reduction approach using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent.
The best-fit line was plotted with an adjusted R2 of 0.9987, reduced chi-squared value of 2.2381 x 10-5, and a root - mean square standard deviation of 0.0047 which indicates a good fit of the experimental data to the linear calibration curve.
Meanwhile, the residual analysis indicated no outliers in the experimental data.
Conclusions Humic acid functionalized – silver nanoparticles (HA-AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by wet chemical reduction using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent.
HA-AgNPs were successfully synthesized by a wet chemical reduction approach using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent.
The best-fit line was plotted with an adjusted R2 of 0.9987, reduced chi-squared value of 2.2381 x 10-5, and a root - mean square standard deviation of 0.0047 which indicates a good fit of the experimental data to the linear calibration curve.
Meanwhile, the residual analysis indicated no outliers in the experimental data.
Conclusions Humic acid functionalized – silver nanoparticles (HA-AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by wet chemical reduction using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent.
Online since: September 2022
Authors: Fadlilatul Taufany, Rahmasari Nur Setyono, Abdul Wasi, I Wayan Restu Surya Krishna, Siti Nurkhamidah, Yeni Rahmawati, Ali Altway, Susianto Susianto
In previous research data [20] found that to eliminate calcium content, it takes the addition of excess reagent Na2CO3 by 20-30% above stoichiometric calculations.
Effect of NaOH Reagent Addition on CO32- Ion Reduction Content of CO32- (ppm) RO Brine NaOH Excesses 0% NaOH Excesses 15% NaOH Excesses 25% 0,6 0,0003 0,0000 0,0000 From Table 4, it can be known the value of the content of CO32- ions after the addition of NaOH reagents with variations in excesses 0%, excesses 15%, and excesses 25%.
Effect of Na2CO3 Reagent Addition on Ca2+ Ion Reduction Content of Ca2+ [ppm] RO Brine Na2CO3 Excesses 0% Na2CO3 Excesses 20% Na2CO3 Excesses 30% 116,67 19,16 17,11 14,99 From Table 5 can be known the value of the ion content of Ca2+ after the addition of reagents Na2CO3 with variations in excesses 0%, excesses 20%, and excesses 30%.
Effect of BaCl2 Reagent Addition on SO42- Ion Reduction Experiment SO42- content [ppm] 1 13,8203 2 14,0484 3 13,4735 Average 13,7807 From Table 6 can be known the value of the ion content of SO42- after the addition of BaCl2 reagent with excesses, 0% decreased when compared to the initial content of SO42- in Table 1.
Nakanishi, “High Recovery / High pressure Membranes for Brine Conversion SWRO Process Development and its Performance Data,” Eur.
Effect of NaOH Reagent Addition on CO32- Ion Reduction Content of CO32- (ppm) RO Brine NaOH Excesses 0% NaOH Excesses 15% NaOH Excesses 25% 0,6 0,0003 0,0000 0,0000 From Table 4, it can be known the value of the content of CO32- ions after the addition of NaOH reagents with variations in excesses 0%, excesses 15%, and excesses 25%.
Effect of Na2CO3 Reagent Addition on Ca2+ Ion Reduction Content of Ca2+ [ppm] RO Brine Na2CO3 Excesses 0% Na2CO3 Excesses 20% Na2CO3 Excesses 30% 116,67 19,16 17,11 14,99 From Table 5 can be known the value of the ion content of Ca2+ after the addition of reagents Na2CO3 with variations in excesses 0%, excesses 20%, and excesses 30%.
Effect of BaCl2 Reagent Addition on SO42- Ion Reduction Experiment SO42- content [ppm] 1 13,8203 2 14,0484 3 13,4735 Average 13,7807 From Table 6 can be known the value of the ion content of SO42- after the addition of BaCl2 reagent with excesses, 0% decreased when compared to the initial content of SO42- in Table 1.
Nakanishi, “High Recovery / High pressure Membranes for Brine Conversion SWRO Process Development and its Performance Data,” Eur.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Ralph O. Edokpia, K.O. Ohikhuare
From the company’s data, two transportation matrices were formulated and analyzed with optimal solutions of N 8,889,000 and N 13,989,000 giving a cost reduction of N 6,363,586 and N 1,263,586 respectively when compared with the company’s present transportation cost of N 15,252,586.
As a result, the data used for this analysis is for November which is sufficient as is represents one of the months with the highest demand and supply.
The data in Table 3 are formulated into the transportation matrix shown in Table 4.
This is consequently a false representation of the company’s data as all 298,533 cases of products were transported and completely paid for.
Having analysed their data utilizing a linear programming model, the results obtained indicate a marked cost saving.
As a result, the data used for this analysis is for November which is sufficient as is represents one of the months with the highest demand and supply.
The data in Table 3 are formulated into the transportation matrix shown in Table 4.
This is consequently a false representation of the company’s data as all 298,533 cases of products were transported and completely paid for.
Having analysed their data utilizing a linear programming model, the results obtained indicate a marked cost saving.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Wen Bin Cui, Zhi Quan Zhang, Chang Jian Song, Hong Bin Ma, Feng Min Su
NI Data acquisition unit is applied to record the temperatures from the experimental apparatus.
Labview software (by National Instruments) was used to program and control the data acquisition unit from a desk top computer.
After steady state conditions were reached the temperature data from the thermocouples were recorded.
The heat flux data for different experimental conditions were compared in this study.
The percentage enhancement was calculated by interpolating the heat flux data from boiling experiments at a particular heater temperature.
Labview software (by National Instruments) was used to program and control the data acquisition unit from a desk top computer.
After steady state conditions were reached the temperature data from the thermocouples were recorded.
The heat flux data for different experimental conditions were compared in this study.
The percentage enhancement was calculated by interpolating the heat flux data from boiling experiments at a particular heater temperature.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Fei Lv, Ting Ting Lang, Qi Li Liao
And the experiment environment must be as dark as possible, so to ensure that background light does not affect the experimental data.
Finally we will acquire accurate data and draw exact conclusions.
In addition, the experiment is repeated 3 times, and several experiments is to avoid wrong conclusions and data.
Finally calculating the average values, and ulteriorly to ensure data to be accuracy and reduce errors.
Then classifying the data and using curve fitting of matlab to get changing trend charts of each parameter.
Finally we will acquire accurate data and draw exact conclusions.
In addition, the experiment is repeated 3 times, and several experiments is to avoid wrong conclusions and data.
Finally calculating the average values, and ulteriorly to ensure data to be accuracy and reduce errors.
Then classifying the data and using curve fitting of matlab to get changing trend charts of each parameter.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Bo Zhang, Chao Yu Zhang, Ying Fu
Compared to conventional energy sources, utilization of shallow geothermal energy has more advantages in energy saving and emission reduction of greenhouse gas, a heating system based on shallow geothermal energy can save more than 30% energy with respect to that based on coal-burning, while a cooling system can save more than 10% electric energy.
Income and expenses of Tianjin geology and mineral hotel during the heating period during year 2006-2007 items amount unit cost expenses total expenses Power consumption 327,730 [kwh] 0.5 [yuan/kwh] 14.75×104 [yuan] 23.53×104 [yuan] (16.81[yuan/m2]) Water consumption 15,931 [t] 2 [yuan/t] 3.18×104 [yuan] Personal expenses 24 [personal·mo] 1,500 [yuan/mo] 3.6×104 [yuan] Other expenses 2×104 [yuan] incomes Heating area 14,000 [m2] 25[yuan/m2] 35×104 [yuan] In view of the statistics data, the average running cost of the GWHP at the hotel is 16.81 yuan/m2, while the heating bills is 16.81 yuan/m2 according to the current unified charging standard of Tianjin.
Especially, carbon dioxide emission reduction would reach up to 117.40×104 t/a, which would meet the greenhouse gas control target (Table 5).
The carbon dioxide emission reduction would reach up to 293.49×104 t/a, which would meet the greenhouse gas control target (Table 6).
According to the statistics data of year 2009 [8], the average wage of the workers in scientific research, technical services and geological survey industry have an average wage of 71,634 yuan; in the construction industry, the average wage is 46,302 yuan; in water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, the average wage is 40,007 yuan; in resident services and other services, the average wage is 21,432 yuan; in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the average wage is 32,719 yuan.
Income and expenses of Tianjin geology and mineral hotel during the heating period during year 2006-2007 items amount unit cost expenses total expenses Power consumption 327,730 [kwh] 0.5 [yuan/kwh] 14.75×104 [yuan] 23.53×104 [yuan] (16.81[yuan/m2]) Water consumption 15,931 [t] 2 [yuan/t] 3.18×104 [yuan] Personal expenses 24 [personal·mo] 1,500 [yuan/mo] 3.6×104 [yuan] Other expenses 2×104 [yuan] incomes Heating area 14,000 [m2] 25[yuan/m2] 35×104 [yuan] In view of the statistics data, the average running cost of the GWHP at the hotel is 16.81 yuan/m2, while the heating bills is 16.81 yuan/m2 according to the current unified charging standard of Tianjin.
Especially, carbon dioxide emission reduction would reach up to 117.40×104 t/a, which would meet the greenhouse gas control target (Table 5).
The carbon dioxide emission reduction would reach up to 293.49×104 t/a, which would meet the greenhouse gas control target (Table 6).
According to the statistics data of year 2009 [8], the average wage of the workers in scientific research, technical services and geological survey industry have an average wage of 71,634 yuan; in the construction industry, the average wage is 46,302 yuan; in water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, the average wage is 40,007 yuan; in resident services and other services, the average wage is 21,432 yuan; in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the average wage is 32,719 yuan.
Online since: April 2024
Authors: Brainerd S.S. Daniel, Bantalem Yitayew Dessie, Himanshu Panjiar
When NH3 gas is introduced to PAni based nanocomposite emeraldine salt (conductor) changed to emeraldine base (insulator) through reduction/de-protonation process (forward reaction is favored) as presented in Eq. 1.
PAni-H++NH3↔PAni+NH4 + (1) During this reduction reaction, the hole density in the PAni/inorganic material decreases.
Similarly, after addition of GP in PAni/PVDF polymer matrix the response time was recorded around 3.2 times quicker i.e. 150 s to 46 s reduction and the recovery time was held as around 1.5 times faster i.e. 300 s to 198 s reduction as compared to the pure PAni/PVDF material [20].
Based on various literatures experimental data on sensitivity and LOD of conducting polymer composite as a sensor material for NH3 gas, the quantitative values are summarized in tabulated form as mentioned in table 1 and table 2 for brief comparative view.
In this paper, the effect of inorganic micro/nano-materials on the PAni-based NH3 gas sensor’s performance parameters analyzed from literature data and the sensing mechanism is described.
PAni-H++NH3↔PAni+NH4 + (1) During this reduction reaction, the hole density in the PAni/inorganic material decreases.
Similarly, after addition of GP in PAni/PVDF polymer matrix the response time was recorded around 3.2 times quicker i.e. 150 s to 46 s reduction and the recovery time was held as around 1.5 times faster i.e. 300 s to 198 s reduction as compared to the pure PAni/PVDF material [20].
Based on various literatures experimental data on sensitivity and LOD of conducting polymer composite as a sensor material for NH3 gas, the quantitative values are summarized in tabulated form as mentioned in table 1 and table 2 for brief comparative view.
In this paper, the effect of inorganic micro/nano-materials on the PAni-based NH3 gas sensor’s performance parameters analyzed from literature data and the sensing mechanism is described.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Zhi Gang Zhang, C.S. Qiao, Xiao Li
It is shown that the strength reduction of rock mass is governed by the geometric
configurations as well as the mechanical properties of the joints, and that the presence of joints
results in the non-linearity of the pre-peak region.
The program of DIPS was employed to analyze and visualize the geological structural data via the same techniques used in manual stereonets.
The program of DIPS was employed to analyze and visualize the geological structural data via the same techniques used in manual stereonets.
Product Information Representation Method for Product Conceptual Design Based on Improved Meta-Model
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Bin He, Zhen Yu Xu
A special class that covered the concept of specific functional areas, such as separation, drag reduction, etc.
Information representation based on XML has many features, such as: 1) XML data can be delivered to the desktop for local computation or remote computation. 2) It can provide users with the correct structure of the data view. 3) It allows the integration of different sources of structured data. 4) Because XML is extensible, so it can be used to describe the data from a variety of applications, even without the built-in data description, and can receive and process data. 5) It can improve performance through granular updates.
Information representation based on XML has many features, such as: 1) XML data can be delivered to the desktop for local computation or remote computation. 2) It can provide users with the correct structure of the data view. 3) It allows the integration of different sources of structured data. 4) Because XML is extensible, so it can be used to describe the data from a variety of applications, even without the built-in data description, and can receive and process data. 5) It can improve performance through granular updates.
Online since: February 2006
Authors: Caroline R. Cloutier, Akram Alfantazi, Elod Gyenge
The
experimental data shows an upward concave behaviour.
The equations obtained from the regressions accurately represented the best fits for the experimental data.
In Fig. 4, the corresponding regressions were plotted along with the experimental data.
It would be valuable to estimate the transport physicochemical properties of concentrated alkaline aqueous NaBO2 solutions based on pure NaBO2 data and the binary system data obtained in this study.
Data, Vol. 12 No. 3 (1967) p. 303
The equations obtained from the regressions accurately represented the best fits for the experimental data.
In Fig. 4, the corresponding regressions were plotted along with the experimental data.
It would be valuable to estimate the transport physicochemical properties of concentrated alkaline aqueous NaBO2 solutions based on pure NaBO2 data and the binary system data obtained in this study.
Data, Vol. 12 No. 3 (1967) p. 303