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Materials play a fundamental role in any branch of civil engineering.
From ancient times to the present day, society has required enormous amounts of construction materials, which implies an excessive exploitation of materials that come directly from nature.
Once analyzed the materials, it is determined if they are suitable to be used in the elaboration of a pavement.
Pérez, Hot mix asphalt using C&D waste as coarse aggregates, Materials and Design, nº 36, pp. 840-846, 2012
I.Moreno, Durability Indicators in High Absorption, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2015

The different hardening effect on materials caused by the same amount of creep and plastic deformation can attribute to the difference between the substructures resulted from the different loading history.
Acknowledgments Financial support from the Chinese National Science Foundation through the contract of 10776023 is appreciated.
[7] E.H.Jordan, K.P.Walker, A Viscoplastic Model for Single Crystals, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 114, 19-26. (1992)
Lalwani, Thermodynamics of internal variables in the constitutive of the absolute reaction rate theory, The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.67,No.9,pp. 3980-3990
Effects of Prior Creep on Subsequent Plasticity of Type 316 Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperature, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.105,pp. 257-263. (1983). 150 200 250 300 350 0 1 2 3 4 5 pr i or cr eep: 0. 50% pr i or cr eep: 0. 75% pr i or cr eep: 1. 00% pur e t or si on Fig. 6(b) Calculated results of after prior creep )(3 MPaτ (%)3/γ ε 3/γ Cr eep Pl asi t i c Fig.6(a) Experimental results of after prior creep (%)3/γ ε 3/γ Cr eep Pl asi t i c )(3 MPaτ

The slag contains non-renewable raw materials, minerals.
That is why recycling of these materials is highly appropriate from environmental and economical aspects.
Introduction The industry heavily consumes resources, raw materials, and produces a huge amount of waste.
Environmental regulations require manufacturers to use more efficient emission reduction and reduce waste of raw materials.
The submerged arc welding is a versatile welding method for welding materials thicker than 2 mm.

Materials and methods Preparation of solution samples In the study, all of the reagents were produced in China.
Yun, Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 188 (2002), p. 14-19
Nourmohammadian, Materials Research Bulletin Vol. 797 (2007), p. 42-49
Graetzel, Journal Physical Chemical Vol. 654 (1987), p. 91-100
Hoffmann, Environmental Science & Technology Vol. 494 (1991), p. 25-32

Science. 57 (2012) 1191–1334
Science-Poland. 25 ( 2007) 875-884
Han, Co2Z type hexagonal ferrites prepared by sol–gel method, Materials Chemistry and Physics 95 (2006) 248–251
Beckerc, Preparation and properties of ferromagnetic Z-type hexaferrite from wet milled mixtures of intermediates, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 311 (2007) 724–731
Töpfer, Synthesis, sintering behavior and magnetic properties of Cu-substituted Co2Z hexagonal ferrites, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 22 (2011) 467-473

Materials and Methods Materials.
Ramakrishna, Interaction of Cells and Nanofiber Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterial. 84B (2008) 34-48
Mishra, Fabrication and characterization of PCL/gelatin composite nanofibrous scaffold for tissue engineering applications by electrospinning method, Materials Science and Engineering. 3 (2013) 1228-1235
Greiner, Progress in the field of electrospinning for tissue engineering applications, Advance Materials. 21 (2009) 43-51
Sekaran, Electrospinning of type 1 collagen and PCL nanofibers using acetic acid, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 125 (2012) 3221-3227.

Three Dimensional Simulation of Thermal Pad using Nanomaterial, Nano-Silver in Semiconductor and Electronic Component Application Mazlan Mohamed1,*, Rahim Atan2, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah3, Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad1, Mohd Huzaifah Yusoff1, Fathinul Najib Ahmad Saad4 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UiTM Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) School of Materials Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis 4Faculty of Applied Science, UiTM Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Email: Mazlan547@ppinang.uitm.edu.my Key Words : Thermal pad, PLCC package, Thermal management, Numerical simulation, Average junction temperature, Nano-Silver .
Factors affecting the chip temperature such as coolant velocity, chip power and thermal conductivity of materials are studied and presented. 2.0 The Numerical Model 2.1 Governing Equations The basic equations describing the flow of fluid are conservation of mass, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy.
The simulation results are obtained with 4 PLCC’s with differences materials between nano-silver and epoxy are presented accordingly. 3.1 Effect of nano-silver material on Junction Temperature 3.1.1 For 4 PLCC, 0.5 W Chip power Figure 2 shows the contour of total temperature for 4 PLCC at 1W for velocities 0.1 and 1 m/s.
Discrete Thermal Sources Flush-Mounted on the Wall, Transactions of the ASME, journal of electronic packaging, Vol. 120, pp 510-514, 1998
Bayazitoglu, Forced convection Cooling Across Rectangular Block, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 109, pp 321-328,1987

Miličević4,d 1 Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia 3 Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia 4 The Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Radiochemistry and Physics, Belgrade, Serbia a magdalena@itn.sanu.ac.yu, bbranka@tfc.kg.ac.yu, czoran@ffh.bg.ac.yu, d dejanmilicevic@vin.bg.ac.yu Keywords: Drug delivery, Nanospheres, Poly-(DL-lactide-co-glycolide), Polyvinyl alcohol, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Stabilizers, Stereological analysis.
Uskoković: Journal of Microencapsulation, submitted
Uskoković: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, (2006), accepted
Ludvig: International Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol. 238 (2002), p. 77
Huang: Journal of Controlled Release Vol. 71 (2001), p. 53

Tunnel lining is concrete materials, the cavity is air, and the surrounding rock is rock material.
Wang, Current damage situation of railway operation tunnels and their inspection and evaluation, China Safety Science Journal, 6 (2003) 52-55+83
Zhu, Impact of empty hole behind expressway tunnel lining on structure safety, Journal of Chang’an University (Natural Science Edition), 5 (2010) 63-68
Tian, Application of GPR in the detection of tunnel lining, Science and Technology of West China, 30 (2010) 21-22
Ma, Effect of voids on tunnel structure calculation, Science and Technology Information (Research), 3 (2007) 64-65

The raw materials were loaded inside a 350-mL vessel and were synthesized by a High Pressure-High Temperature (HP-HT) batch wise reactor system.
Kim, Metal nanoparticle synthesis using supercritical alcohol, Materials Letters 63 (2009) 1880–1882
Cansell, Review of supercritical fluids in organic material science, Journal of Supercritical Fluids 38 (2006) 242-251
Ishak, A Study On Liquefaction of Pretreted Mukah Balingan Low Rank Malaysia Coal, Chapter 3 : Materials and Methods (2007) 25
Zhu, Advanced synthesis of materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, Progress in Materials Science 57 (2012) 804-874