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The reason is that the electric powder, such as silicon, titanium, suspended in working fluid affects the discharge process.
Behavior of powders was observed in detail to analyze how the debris in the gap affect discharge occurrence[5, 6].
The powder in the discharge gap may be regarded as the most important factor for process stability as it has a significant influence on the factors like discharge transitivity, gap size, breakdown strength and deionization of dielectric fluid.
It is required to investigate and correlate the influence of these factors for the control of PMEDM process [8].
Under the action of mechanical agitation, additive powders will suspend and distributed in liquid.

On the basis, the strength, rigidity and fatigue property of the crane was analyzed.
Fig.1 Independent modeling unit of front beam Fig.2 Three-dimensional model of the crane Finite Element Analysis of Crane Steel Structure.The lifting load and the position of trolley are the main factors of stress variation in quayside container crane.
By contract, measure points with lower stress havehuge margins of error for the sake of deviation of data acquisition system, but it doesn’t affect the total stress distribution.
Under normal condition, safety factor is 1.5.
Through finite element analysis, the weld at the landside portal beam should be the checking point of fatigue property.

Highlighted the fundamental features and similarities of discussed methods, and also their shortcomings affecting to the accuracy of the strength and stability computing results.
The method experimentally confirmed on basis of the mechanical tests results of square and 8-sided concrete-filled elements [4].
– calculation of the limit load to element (the bearing capacity of strength conditions) by equation (5): (5), where Аsc – the cross-section area of concrete-filled element; – determination of the stability factor (the buckling coefficient) φsc by equation (6): (6); where, - the reduced flexibility of concrete-filled cross-section; - ratio of the steel cross-section area to the total area of concrete-filled section
This method has passed the experimental confirmation based on results of mechanical tests series of «hollow» и «solid» models with circular cross-sections. [13].
For the second, for calculation of the limit compression load are using not only mechanical characteristics of materials and geometrical characteristics of cross-sections, but and clarifying coefficients, which is considering the maim moments, inherent to the joint work under the load, for two materials with different properties and structure.

Thus, outstanding chemical and physical material properties can be adjusted.
The synthesis of new ceramic materials and the development of novel fabrication techniques are expected to be the key factors for further optimization of properties, especially at high temperatures.
Micropyretically synthesized products have also been reported to have better mechanical and physical properties [16,17].
Metal borides are a group of ceramic materials with outstanding and attractive properties for technological applications.
These larger variations formed at the ignition spot may enlarge heterogeneity in microstructure and properties.

To check the validity of regression model and to determine the significant parameter affecting the surface roughness, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F-test were made.
In order to maintain the versatility of AFM process and at the same time introducing determinism and controllability of rheological properties of abrasive laden medium, a new hybrid process termed as ‘‘Magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF)’’ is developed[7].
It refers 3 factors with 3 levels as shown in Table 2.
Factors and their levels Parameters Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Pressure(bar) 20 30 40 Current(A) 2 4 6 No of cycle 100 200 300 The stainless steel-304 work pieces machined by MRAFF process were analyzed by Talysurf Coherence Correlation Interferometer (CCI).
With a sample of n observations of the dependent variable Y (Ra), the regression model [15] can be expressed as: (10) where k is number of factors (5) β0 is the free term, βi is the linear effect, βii is the squared effect and βij is the interaction effect.

The biggest problem with cement doped with zinc is the retardation of hydration and decreasing of mechanical properties.
From this evaluation it follows that zinc retardation effect was greatest in a very poorly soluble compound, but solubility is not a major influencing factor because the solubility of Zn(NO3)2 · 6 H2O in water is about half that of ZnCl2.
This membrane consumes Ca2+ ions from the pore solution and thus affects the pH value.
For this concentration the zinc retardation effect was greatest in a very poorly soluble compound, but solubility is not a major influencing factor because the solubility of Zn(NO3)2 · 6 H2O in water is about half that of ZnCl2.

The paper presents erosion properties of some stainless steels, several cast iron and cast steel using a blast type high temperature erosion furnace.
Erosion factors are kinetic energy, mass, hardness and shapes of erodent, and so on.
In addition to these erosion factors, as for the high temperature erosion, microstructure of material influenced by heat and whether there occurring high temperature oxidation or not, are becoming important wear factors that don't need to consider at room temperature [8-10].
In other words, the high temperature effect the mechanical property such as hardness or elongation of materials, and differences of erosion rate for specimens are likely to be related to hardness and elongation at elevated temperature.
The design of material with excellent erosion resistance, under high temperature region, will require an understanding of how the properties of materials are affected by elevated temperature and how high temperature oxidation is limited by adjustment of chemical composition of material.

The onset of the deformation stages IV and V is strongly affected by the hydrostatic pressure i.e. shifted to higher values of stress and strain with increasing pressure.
So it is important to investigate the effect of the pressure conditions during the deformation on the microstructure and mechanical quantities.
Mk is the Taylor factor for torsion which has been taken as Mk = 1.65 for texture free fcc metals used in this paper.
To get an idea how the recovery process is affected by varying pressure and strain, the measurements of the long range internal stresses are very helpful (Fig. 3).
Schafler, Modelling Mechanical Properties of SPD Materials during and after Severe Plastic Deformation, Proc.

The mechanical properties of cast alloys mainly depend on the weight fractions of alloying elements, applied heat treatments, microstructures, morphologies of the various phases constituting [1].
This is because the cooling rate of steel has a significant effect on the solidification microstructure which dominates the final mechanical properties of steels [2].
Table 1 Comparison of grain average size, the primary dendrite arm space and the secondary dendrite arm space under different cooling rates Fig.4 Optical photographs of Cu-Ni alloy solidified under different cooling conditions (a) Silica sand, (b) Graphite, (c) Low carbon steel It is well known that the solidification rate plays an important role in the refinement of metal structures, and it significantly affects the mechanical properties.
In Cu-Ni alloys, dendritic segregation is another important factor that influences mechanical behavior and workability.

The transition zone determines thermophysical and strength properties of an end products, i.e. the quality of joining [7].
For instance, cooling causes the redistribution of diffusion elements, so at this stage it is important to consider those factors, that affect the transfer of components.
Work [8] notes that one of the most important factors in brazing boron nitride and tungsten carbide using titanium is the activity of titanium.
Result and discussion The calculations use the following properties of materials: the first layer is solid alloy on the basis of tungsten carbide, the second (transition) layer is titanium-based brazing alloy, and the third one is carbon steel.
Nizametdinov, Calculation of the heating of materials by laser radiation allowing for the temperature dependences of thermal properties, Soviet journal of quantum electronics, 7 (1977) 7, 853-856