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The AFM studies of surfaces show that the transferred metals (Al in this case) have a nanostructure with a grain size from 30 to 100 nm (Fig.1,c), though the nanostructure is not homogeneous.
This strongly deformed state of metal is characterized by the raised density of defects on the grain boundaries.
The formation of such interfacial reaction zone is possible only for metals with a high activity towards oxygen and also because of a large number of deformation defects and the nanostructure of metals.
The grain boundary diffusion coefficients in nanomaterials synthesized by means of severe plastic deformation are known to be by an order of magnitude higher than those in classical polycrystals [18,19].

Figure 3 represents a TEM micrograph inside the columnar grain of YSZ coating shown in Fig.2.
Voids or gaps were observed at the boundary between each columnar grain.
A large number of nano-pores were also observed inside the grains and around substrate/coating interface.

According to Mettler et al. [14, 15] with a longer hold-up time of steam and gases in the pyrolysis chamber, the number of secondary reactions increases, as a result of which the production of gases, coal increases and the yield of liquid thermal decomposition products decreases [16, 17] (refer with: Fig. 3).
Classification Sieve analysis of UWS fine coal Grain size grade [mm] Grades’ yield [%] more than 2.00 0.5 2.00…1.60 2.1 1.60..1.00 38.3 1.00…0.50 49.8 0.50…0.25 10.8 less than 0.25 5.4 Fig. 4.
Data on the yield of products of fast conductive pyrolysis of UWS, depending on the particle size (at T = 550 °C): 1 - pyrolysis liquid, 2 - carbonaceous particles, 3 - uncondensed gas Additionally, the coal was subjected to mechanical grinding to grain size grades mm /%: 1.00 ... 0.50 / 44.2, 0.50 ... 0.25 / 24.5, less than 0.25 / 31.3.
Charcoal briquettes were obtained from the fine-grained UWS coal.

So that in one year the number of egg shells increases into waste that has the potential to cause air pollution due to microbial activity in the environment [9].
This shows that bagasse and eggshell powder as fillers greatly affect the interatomic grains where the atomic pores are getting bigger.
The Correlation of the Absorption (α) Coefficient of Sound with Frequency Of the three samples A5, B5, C5 in the composition (48:48:4) with 20%, 25%,30% resin, it showed that the formation of non-homogeneous particles at a higher frequency resulted in fluctuating coefficients resulting in uneven grain size and voids in the sample. .
For sample B5 on 25% resin with added resin that fills the pores (cavities) between the grains that fill the pores of the structure.

In several joints wooden elements were not connected anymore due to the insufficient number of connectors or to the installation of wet and moist elements.
Several measurements were obtained with ultrasound device and values parallel to grain were always from 5000 – 6000 MPa (blue circles in Fig. 10b).
In direction perpendicular to grain values for MoE were from 185 to 350 MPa which corresponds to timber classes from C16 to C22.
Machado, Chestnut wood in compression perpendicular to the grain: Non-destructive correlations for test results in new and old wood, Construction and Building Materials 21 (2007) 1617–1627, Elsevier

The processing, structure and properties of materials with grain size in the tens to several hundreds of nanometer range are research areas of considerable interest over the past years.
The fatigue strength increases with a reduction in the grain size of the material.
Nanomaterials offer such a significant reduction in the grain size over conventional materials that the fatigue life is increased by an average of 200-300%.
The usage of nanoparticles in cosmetics has elevated a number of concerns about consumer safety. 5) Paints Incorporating nanoparticles in paints might improve their performance, for example by creating them lighter and giving them different properties.

Thus there is a gas supersaturation along the grain boundary or phase boundary.
The grain boundaries, phase interfaces and pores within the cantacts can all be the origin of cracks.
After a certain number of operation cycles, the weak points eventually develop into cracks.
These vestiges of fusant spreading on the surface of Ag/LSCO(12) contact by new method indicate that, after refining the grain size of the dispersed LSCO and thereby increasing the viscosity, the composite fusant tends to spread evenly instead of splashing outwards.

.% was set considering also that Mo is needed to prevent grain boundary embrittlement due to added Mn and unavoidable P [11].
The average austenitic grain size (AGS) represents the average sizes measured from the SEM images (the thickness of the RA films and the diameter of the RA blocks).
The austenite grain size is also very fine in both the coiling conditions (0.14-0.15 mm).
Acknowledgement This research is funded by Research Fund for Coal and Steel, grant number RFCS-2019-899482. 

Lanthanum (La) [12], adding lanthanum additive has the following advantages: refine grain effectively; enhance viscosity between corrosion layer and active substances; improve the corrosion resistance of Pb-Ca-Sn-Al alloy; increase conductivity of anode layer; reduce Pb (Ⅱ) generation, thereby, reducing the premature capacity loss and extending the life of lead-acid batteries.
Li et al. have reported the performance of Pb-Ca-Sn-Al alloy, mainly in the more refined and uniform grain, can inhibit the growth of the passivation layer and so on [18,19] .
Wenqing Zhang reported that Pb-Ca-Sn-Al-Re has high performance, reflected in the grain refinement, reduction of Pb (Ⅱ) growth, increasing the conductivity of passivation layer, reducing the premature capacity loss and extending the life of lead-acid batteries and even had determine the appropriate amount [12].
Results show that, after adding the rare earth alloys with excellent performance, a large number of experiments proved the feasibility of rare-earth joined.

Both the base material and HAZ have a ferritic matrix with a slight amount of perlite towards the grain boundaries.
It can be seen that the microstructure in the HAZ exhibits a coarser-grained microstructure.
Results and Discussion Fig. 1 depicts that the microstructures of the base material and, especially, the critical heat affected zone both have a ferritic matrix with embedded perlite towards the grain boundaries, whereas the weld metal shows a bainitic microstructure.
The financial support was given under grant number 424334318.