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However, their overall energy performance, from the design point of view [2], [3], is affected by a number of indicators, including: structural design solutions at the system boundary of the building and their composition (eg. wooden buildings, brick buildings, etc.) [4], the types of materials used for construction at the building system boundary (eg. thermal insulation based on plastics, based on natural materials, etc.), the thickness of the materials used for construction of the building at the system boundary and types of fillings of apertures in the envelope and not the least solutions of thermal bonds in the form of contacts between the various structural components of the building at building boundary system.
Legend of structures compositions: OS1 – facade - silicone-grained silicate plaster 2 mm - penetration of the base 1 mm - adhesive and leveling compound 3 mm - reinforcing glass fiber fabric (leno) 1 mm - thermal insulation of EPS graphite (ʎd,max = 0,032 W/m·K) 260 mm - adhesive and leveling compound 3 mm - penetration of the base 1 mm - masonry ceramic blocks 250 mm - internal plaster 10 mm OS2 - base - silicone-grained silicate plaster 2 mm - penetration of the base 1 mm - silicone-grained silicate plaster 2 mm - penetration of the base 1 mm - adhesive and

Hence, limited number of phases is qualified to be used as reinforcements to develop Mg based composites.
higher cell viability [14] 3 Pure Mg Tricalcium phosphate Improved yield strength, compressive strength, damping characteristics and corrosion resistance [15] 4 Pure Mg Hydroxyapatite, Magnesium oxide Increased corrosion resistance and biocompatible [16] 5 AZ31 Carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) Improved tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation [17] 6 Mg-1Sn Alumina Improved compression strength, bioactivity and corrosion properties [18] 7 AZ91 Hydroxyapatite Better mechanical properties and corrosion properties [19] 8 AZ91 Florapatite Improved hardness and elastic modulus, corrosion resistance [20] 9 Mg66Zn30Ca4 Bulk metallic glass Decreased corrosion rate, increased tissue compatibility [21] 10 Mg- Ca Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate Improved mechanical properties and enhanced corrosion resistance [22] 11 Mg2Zn Alumina Better mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance. [23] 12 ZK60 Hydroxyapatite Better corrosion and wear properties [24] 13 Mg Titanium oxide Better grain
Similarly, Lei et al., [33] also investigated the corrosion behavior of Mg-MgO composites in simulated body fluids and better corrosion resistance was observed due to the grain refinement and the presence of MgO.
Current research progress in grain refinement of cast magnesium alloys: A review article.

They, as a rule, are located on grain boundaries as chains.
Unlike the hot cracks, cold cracks evolve along the grains themselves rather than along the grain boundaries; they are detected mainly is the zones of stress concentration
Since it is virtually impossible to produce a mold casting without defects, the issue of ultimate permissible number and size of defects in the mold is of great importance. 2.

Results of the X-ray pointwise microanalysis (regions of analysis are marked with numbers in Fig. 3 a) Element, at. % Region of analysis 1 2 3 4 5 C (K) 0.00 0.00 17.61 0.00 0.00 O (K) 0.00 7.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 Al (K) 3.77 4.30 6.08 9.95 12.42 S (K) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.52 Ti (K) 41.73 46.83 45.17 66.28 78.81 V (K) 1.46 2.21 2.92 3.60 4.51 Cr (K) 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.87 Fe (K) 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.86 Nb (L) 51.22 39.22 28.22 19.42 0.00 Based on the results of elemental analysis, it can be assumed that the formed coating is multiphase and should contain, along with the Ti-Nb alloy, carbide and oxide phases.
The surface layer has a grain-subgrain structure, with grain size varying within 150-200 nm.
The structure of the coating revealed by the methods of transmission electron microscopy of thin foils. a– grain-subgrain structure, b– second phase particles in the volume of crystallites Table 2.

Mathematical models present a number of useful aspects from the scientific point of view.
As a final comment we notice that the proposed mathematical model is versatile and can be used in different operating conditions, different geometries and types of materials without nature restrictions (fruits, vegetables, grains, clay products, wood, etc) with constant, impermeable or convective boundary conditions, and also with other boundary conditions, under small modifications.
Hall, Drying and storage of grains and oilseeds.
Parti, Selection of mathematical models for drying grain in thin-layers.

The material composition of these rocks does not allow them to be used to obtain ceramic materials, Portland cement, but due to the optimal ratio between clay minerals (aggregates) and quartz grains in the rock on their basis it is possible to obtain highly efficient silicate materials, including non-autoclave hardening [13-14].
According to the number of plasticity related to sandy loam.
Analysis of the samples’ microstructure showed that at low magnifications the obtained composites have a dense structure, individual grains are indistinguishable (refer with: Fig. 3).
Tolstoy, Fine-grained high-strength concrete, Construction Materials and Products. 3 (1) (2020) 39– 43 [2] L.H.

However, the problems in most traditional boring and drilling method encounter when the area of the investigation was large which will increase the number of borehole thus increasing money and time of the project.
This study aims to reduce some black box and ambiguities via relationship of different array of ERV and basic geotechnical properties with particular reference to moisture content and supported with soil grain size characteristics.
All sieve analysis results of soil specimen tested from both models has shown some variation in terms of grain size quantification due to the natural heterogeneity features of soil.
Grain size quantification results.

Because the absorption of SO42- prevented the anisotropic growth of grains to a certain degree and therefore isotropic growth occurred.
Moreover, this absorption also inhibited the abnormal growth of the grains.
It can be seen that under such circumstance, the ZrO2 composite ceramic acquired by using the combination method displayed smaller grains.
Consequently, the stability of t-ZrO2 is weakened as the number of ions in metastable state increases.

He also identified in such conditions some fine-grain structures, which can improve a uniform-elongation of the nugget.
Table 2: Welding parameters and the nuggets diameters Sample number Current value, [kA] Force value, [kN] Time per welding (soft cycle), [s] Holding time [s] Nugget diameter (Dn), [mm] 1 5 4 0.7 2 5.1 2 5.1 3 4.9 4 4.8 5 4.9 6 5.0 7 4.9 8 4.9 9 5.0 10 4.9 Figure 4: Image of the mark obtained by means of the AFFRI equipment (magnification: 10x) In order to determine the micro hardness of the welded parts, it was necessary to obtain flat surfaces; the test samples were sectioned along the axis of the welded nugget using a disc tool and adequate cutting equipment.
Subsequently, the resulted surfaces were finished by abrasion using silicon carbide with low grain sizes.
Analysing the hardness map, it can say that sometimes there are large gaps between measured values of distinct interest areas which could be caused by inhomogeneity and changes in the grain size of the materials in the newly formed structures.

Nie et.al found that Er in alloy can play an important role like that of Sc and Zr, which could optimize grain structure, and improve comprehensive mechanical properties, thermal stability and weldability.
We also predict that interaction energy of Al-Er is much negative under the same temperature, which showed that bonding ability and interaction of Al and Er is stronger, and they have a great tendency to combine in alloy solution, the composition super-cooling in the interface occurred easily during the solidification, naturally prone to segregate, even though the concentration of Er is small, the Al3Er phase precipitate preferential at interface, which act as the center of heterogeneity nucleus, naturally remarkable refine grain size.
Conclusion 1)Er concentration in Al-Er alloy shows a negative deviation from Rault's Law at 1073K, deviation degree is larger at the low concentration range, therefore real concentration is low, mainly due to Er atoms are prone to segregate at interface or dislocation; 2)The interaction parameters between Al and Er is LAl-Er=-204.29exp(-T/2000) kJ/mol, which shows the bonding ability and interaction energy between Al and Er are strong, and Al and Er have a great tendency to combine in alloy solution, the composition super-cooling in the interface occurs easily during the solidification, intensively refine grain size; 3)The minimum of mixing enthalpy, excess Gibbs energy and excess entropy are -38.5 kJ /mol, -27.6kJ/mol, -10.5J/mol respectively in the whole concentration range, which indicate that properties of alloy solution are stable.
Acknowledgement The authors thank the financial supports of the State Key Foundamental Research Project of China with the contract number (2005CB 623706) and China National Outstanding Youth Plan (50525413) and Beijing Education Plan (KM200710005011 and 000855).