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Hazard Accident Potential Cause Potential Trigger 1 Potential collision of vehicles owing to the reduction in braking force Leakage in the auxiliary reservoir Collision damage or possible collision risks because of the inability of the vehicle to stop within the control range 1.
Continued Accident Severity Hazard Frequency Trigger Probability Accident Frequency Risk Classification Preventive action/Risk reduction I D C E C 1.
Table 3 Diagram of the criticality analysis for the side frame as a functional unit Function Failure modes Failure causes Mission phase/Operational mode Severity class Failure probability / Failure rate data source Quantity (q) 1.Connecting the swing bolster and the wheel pair; 2.Transmitting power 1.Fracture; 2.
(Both could be acquired from the maintainability design and analysis). 10) Calculate the MTBF and reliability A of the key spare parts, systems and the whole unit based on the aforesaid data and related mathematical approaches (referring to the evaluation of reliability A and MTBF below).
Moreover, what the author adopted was the data originating from the related systems of domestic equivalent flatcars, and the major components in practical application were different from those calculated as well (e.g. the type P4A braking equipment from Westinghouse, the Scharfenberg 35 automatic coupling, the bearing of TBC-C class from SKF, NABC brake shoe, electrical system and shaft grounding device, etc).

The specific unit testing process definition, they can carry out a certain degree of reduction, for example, reductions in the design and implementation of the two phases, the "unit testing program" and "unit test" combined.
Unit testing work products to be included in configuration management Unit testing refers to unit test work products to be delivered after the completion of the test document, test code and test tools in general, including but not limited to, the following work products can be cut according to the actual circumstances as appropriate: unit testing program, unit test cases, unit test procedures , unit testing daily, unit testing questionnaires, unit test reports, unit test input and output data, unit testing tools, unit test code and design documentation.
The unit test quality goals in the formulation, software companies need to meet the actual process capability, which depends on the software company before the unit test process measurement data accumulation can not be manufactured out of thin air.
With the previously measured the accumulation of data is entirely possible to understand the current organizational unit testing capabilities, such as unit testing per thousand lines of code number is the number of defects found.

The intermediate copper compound (Cu+) was oxidized in the melt to the Cu2+ and the reduction of copper occurred in a single stage (the only peak Cu+ on reverse curve).
During inverse sweep direction, the Fe–Ni peak splits into two peaks that relates to the reduction of nickel and iron.
Electrolysis tests data showed that products of the anodic process on similar alloys are the oxygen, CuO, Cu2O, NiO, and NiFe2O4 [13, 14].
This data agrees with the voltammetry results.
Based on the literature and new experimental data the stages of the anode process on platinum were defined (1)–(5).

The method makes use of the profile measurement data from a 3D measurement system to modify the NC machine code generated by the tool path generator software in ultra-precision grinding system.
The resultant modified profile data were used to create a template for compensating for the tool path positions in the original NC file.
The compensation was done by subtracting from the modified profile data with the NC file.
There was about 50% of profile error reduction in re-grinding with compensation.
There was about 50% of profile error reduction in re-grinding with compensation. 6.

Increasing the holding period of the casting in the mold from 5 seconds to 15 seconds leads to a slight reduction in the thickness of the lubricant by 15-20%, which is explained by a rapid decrease in the temperature of the molten metal being poured.
At the same time, the most significant reduction in the thickness of the lubricant by 90-95% occurs in the Gating zone, which experiences the greatest force and temperature effects [15].
In [18], data on increasing the corrosion resistance of molds at high rates of adhesive bonding of the coating with the material of forming parts by ion introduction of chromium and molybdenum ions are presented.
Data were obtained, according to which, the service life of molds for injection molding of the AK9 alloy increased by 2.8 times.
According to the data obtained, such coatings can reduce the level of micro-stresses in the surface layer, which increases the heat resistance of molds.

Before taking the experimental data of purified biogas, data of raw biogas components such as CO2, H2S and CH4 was taken.
The data were taken continuously for 30 minutes long for each operating condition.
Similar to carbon dioxide result, the highest reduction of H2S is resulted in slower biogas volumetric rate (1 lt/min) and higher water volumetric rate (15 lt/min).
A further research is required to make this method more promising and efficient as the reduction of CO2 and H2S is occurred at the early minutes of measurement.

As the porous properties of those compacts can be determined independently of a reference liquid quantitative contact angles can be calculated from the capillary rise data.
Finally, infrared spectroscopy was used to verify the data calculated from the contact angles.
The average pore diameter distribution derived from the mercury porosimetry data of 3 samples was 69.1 nm ± 1.2 nm.
The simultaneous reduction of the acid, respectively base, sites by these molecules is contributed to shielding by the apolar tails.
This reduction is correlated to the strength of the molecule adsorption.

The EEM volume changes during slurry generation are to be described using regression analysis of statistically significant parameters based on experimental data.
The predicted values have been calculated by Eq. 2 and Eq. 3, which are the regression models based on the experimental data.
Confidence intervals indicate the range of possible effect sizes compatible with the data.
Moreover, the composition of the freeze-on layer shows reduction of alloy elements in this part for both alloys.
Furthermore, reduction of standard deviation by increasing superheat indicates the significant effect of freeze-on layer on instability of the process.

Also, a stress range reduction factor is incorporated into the code for determination of equivalent full temperature cycles.
Based on the code, implicit fatigue design is possible by adopting the following definition of an allowable stress range, SA, with adequate margin to accommodate fatigue thermal bending loads without adverse consequences to safety [2]. )S25.0+S25.1(f=S h c A (1) where, f is stress range reduction factor which is a function of equivalent full temperature cycles, N.
However, since there were no sufficient data in case of old nuclear power plant designed by ANSI B31.1 code, the most important but bothersome efforts had to be assigned for determination of the transient set.
Table 2 Typical implicit fatigue evaluation result of RCS piping segment Allowable Thermal Expansion Stress × Stress Range Reduce Factor Stress Usage Identification Input Data Max.
Conclusions In this paper, the Class 1 piping in four representative systems of a certain old vintage nuclear power plant were evaluated and following conclusions have been derived. 1) Since there were no sufficient data of old nuclear power plant designed by ANSI B31.1 code, for alternative fatigue evaluation, specific transient sets were generated conservatively after synthesizing all the available design features. 2) Explicit fatigue analysis results as well as implicit fatigue evaluation results showed that most of components satisfy the current acceptance criterion under continued operation periods beyond the design life. 3) For a few components which did not satisfy the acceptance criterion, it is anticipated that the integrity issue will be adequately maintained during the continued operation period if more realistic operating transients are considered from on-line monitoring.

Since energy saving and emission reduction in China since 2006, annual million Yuan GDP of energy consumption reaches the first breakthrough of 4%.
However, It is still hard to avoid some carbon emissions, and we have a lot to do with Energy conservation and emission reduction. 
Look table 1: Table 1 1970 - 2025 CO2 intensity in the world's major areas[t/million] Country Historical data Predicted data Average annual 1970 1980 1990 2002 2010  2015 2020 2025 1990-2002 2002-2025 China 1970  1943  1252  605 570   500   436   375 -4.4 -2.1 India 286   312   346   324 272   242   212   185 0.4 -2.4 America 1117  917   701   571 501   459   423   393 -2.1 -1.6 Canada 1046  883   691   612 562   527   495   481 -1.7 -1.0 Japan 627   497   348   359 310   291   274   259 -1.7 -1.4 Western Europe 695   624   471   377 333   307   281   264 -1.9 -1.5 Source: the energy information administration (EIA), international energy outlook 2005(IEO2005) Based on the data for 2007，the consumption of our country is about 2,300,000,000 tons, and the emissions of CO2 from carbon-based fuels is reach to 5,43 0,000,000 tons, ranking second worldwide.