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In case of petroleum coke and synthetic graphite, folds and strongly curved layers are visible during the observation of whole grains.
Capital letter ‘S’ in the number of melt means cast iron melted on a basis of pig iron.
On the basis of analysis of synthetic cast iron matrix (melted on a basis of steel scrap) and cast iron melted on a basis of pig iron it can be claimed that in prevalent part of samples appears pearlitic matrix or pearlitic with small quantity of ferrite around graphite grains.

Introduction Squeeze casting is a relatively new and developing casting technology that has got number of advantages, including the elimination of gas and shrinkage porosities, the reduction or elimination of metal wastage due to the absence of feeders or risers[1,2].The process has the capability of producing pore free near net shape castings [3].
Such a high heat transfer rate results in a high level of nucleation and rate of growth, which leads to finer grain size, close dendrite arm spacing and smaller constituent particles.
From the results, it was evident that when the level of squeeze pressure was higher, the hydraulic shock encountered at the molten alloy causes the rapid heat transfer rate thereby promoting rapid solidification which in turn leads to the grain refinement in squeeze cast components to exhibit improved mechanical properties.

The element Cr also plays a role of avoiding second sort tempering brittleness, improving hot strength, enhancing tempering stability and refining grain.
The element v plays a role of refining grain, causing secondary hardening, enhancing tempering stability and increasing wear resistance.
Cr:Mo=6:1 Fig.2 Distribution of Cr and Mo alloying layer on Q235 steel Table 1 Content of Mo, Cr on the alloying layer Figure number Cr: Mo The content of Cr, Mo on the surface The content of Cr, Mo from surface 30μm Cr Mo Cr Mo Fig.2 (a) 2:1 8.79% 19.17% 5.27% 10.61% Fig.2 (b) 3:1 9.45% 15.90% 2.62% 9.11% Fig.2 (c) 4:1 9.85% 14.69% 2.58% 7.01% Fig.2 (d) 6:1 11.31% 8.17% 6.36% 5.09% Analysis of the Microstructure of the Alloyed Layer.

Lauwers et al [3] studied the influence of the type and grain size of the second phase on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) of Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) ceramic composite in EDM using design of experiments (DoE).
The experiments are conducted based on the DoE approach using L18 Orthogonal Array to reduce the number of experiments.
Vanmeensel, Influence of the type and grain size of the electro-conductive phase on the Wire-EDM performance of ZrO2 ceramic composites, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology 57 (2008) 191–194

The main factors influencing the shape memory properties are: chemical composition, crystal structures, grains size, thermomechanical treatments, training types among others factors [7,8,9].
Then, the metallographic samples were prepared by sanding using the sandpapers sequence of numbers: 220, 400 and 600.
Apparently, the sample subjected to treatment TTAR has increased grain size.

In some areas, a grain microstructure is found, directional grain growth is clearly visible along the direction of sample production.
SEM image (SE – at left, BSE at right) of Ti-6Al-+TiC material The presented SEM images make it difficult to determine the presence and nature of the reinforcing particles arrangement, which is associated with close atomic numbers of the metal matrix elements and reinforcing elements (primarily titanium).

To date, a number of refractory HEAs were studied and these alloys exhibited many outstanding performances.
As can be noticed, the microstructure of the Al-free VTaTiMo alloys shows the equiaxial dendritic-like grains morphology.
The microstructure of VTaTiMoAlx alloys transforms from equiaxial dendritic-like grains(x=0) into typical dendrite structure(x=1), and the dendrites become thinner and sharper with the increase of Al content as a whole.

The effects of different process parameters such as number of cycles, concentration of abrasive, abrasive mesh size and media flow speed, surface finish are studied here.
Furthermore we can express surface roughness as a function of abrasive concentration in media, number of cycles, abrasive mesh size and media flow speed.
Through ANOVA technique can investigate any number of factors, which are hypothesized or said to influence the dependent variable.
Sum of Squares due to Each Factor (SSA): The sum of squares due to each factor is calculated using the formula: Ka (8) Where, nAi = number of observations under Ai level, T = sum of all observations; N = total number of observations, Analysis of Experiments The analyses of experiments were carried out.
Lal, Experimental investigation into cutting forces and active grain density during abrasive flow machining, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 44 (2004) 201–211

It is difficult to limit the thickness of the wheels for diamond grains must be coated on the surface of wheel body.
The dimension of the wheel was 150mm(D)×0.5mm(H)×31.75(d)mm, and diamond grain size of the brazed wheel was 325-380μm.
In addition, from the structure of fabricated diamond cut-off wheel, the number of diamonds for the cutting around the wheel circle was fewer than those of traditional sintered diamond wheel.

Table 1 The engineering characteristics of silt Table 2 Grain composition of silt Specific gravity of silt particle Gs Plastic Limit WP Liquid Limit WL Plastic Limit index Ip Maximum dry density g/cm3 Best moisture content wop% 2.71 26.4% 34% 7.6 1.52 22 Grain compo-sition (mm) 2~0.5 0.5~0.25 0.25~0.075 0.075~ 0.005 <0.005 silt 1.6% 1.2% 8.1% 75.9% 13.2% 3.2 Analysis of triaxial test We use Consolidation-Undrained test to investigate the strength of silt with the addition of different microbes.
(2)Ion effect Polysaccharide is a kind of linear coiling of polymer, the molecule has a lot of contact point, and contains a large number of functional groups, such as R - COOH, R-CH2-OH, the dissociation of these functional groups can make strong ions exchange, and have physical and chemical reaction with ions in silt, forming a cementitious material, which will cement dispersive silt particle together, improving the interaction between particles and silt strength.